European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
6
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
6
PEPFAR
6
World Health Organization (Europe)
6
Ministry of Health, Kenya
5
Ministry of Health, Rwanda
5
National Department of Health South Africa
5
Pan American Health Organisation PAHO
5
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports
5
UNDP
5
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
4
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
4
Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria
4
Ministry of Health
4
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
4
Pan American Health Organization
4
Stop TB Partnership
4
UN Children's Fund UNICEF
4
University Teaching Hospital, et al.
4
Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
3
African Union
3
AIDSinfo
3
Avert
3
Centers for Disease control and Prevention
3
Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
3
Government of Malawi, Ministry of Health
3
Human Rights Watch
3
IACAPAP
3
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
3
Médecins Sans Frontières
3
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, The United Republic of Tanzania
3
Ministry of Health, Ghana
3
Ministry of Health, Zambia
3
Ministry of Health, Zambia, et al.
3
National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India
3
PubMed.gov
3
SAARC Tuberculosis and HIV
3
SIAPS
3
The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP
3
UNFPA
3
University Teaching Hospital,
3
World Bank
3
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa
3
Africa CDC
2
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy
2
BMC Infectious Diseases
2
C. Irvine
2
Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention
2
Centre for Health & Infectious Disease Research
2
Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis and Outbreak Response
2
Department of Health (DOH) Philippines
2
Elsevier
2
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
2
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
2
European Union
2
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Health
2
Federal Ministry of Health, Uganda
2
FHI360
2
Fistula Care
2
Global Initiative for Asthma
2
Government of Sierra Leone, Ministry of Health and Sanitation
2
Health Policy Project
2
ICRC
2
Indian Council of Medical Research
2
Indonesian Urological Association
2
International Rescue Committee
2
J. Klinte
2
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV
2
L. Nyblade
2
Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International (MCAI) , Advanced Life Support Group (ALSG)
2
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
2
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National AIDS Control Programme, Tanzania
2
Ministry of Health Ghana
2
Ministry of Health Uganda
2
Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda
2
Ministry of Health, Rwanda & Rwanda Biomedical Centre
2
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA)
2
National AIDS
2
National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
2
National Department of Health, South Africa
2
National HIV
2
NdOH South Africa
2
OECD
2
Ovid
2
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
2
Pan American Health Organization PAHO
2
Philippine Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
2
PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases
2
PMC
2
Radcliffe
2
Regional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET)
2
Regional Office for Africa
2
The Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia
2
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
2
UNESCO
2
UNHCR
2
USAID, AIDS Free Nigeria, et al.
2
USAID, SPRING
2
World Health Organization (WHO), Country Office for Myanmar
2
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
2
(Regional Office of the World Health Organization)
1
1 A Pharma
1
4 Children
1
A. A. Neilson, C. A. Mayer
1
A. Aerts, M. Grzemska
1
A. Armstrong
1
A. Baddeley
1
A. Bone
1
A. E. Miranda
1
A. Guedes
1
A. H. Sohn
1
A. Haenen
1
A. Harxhi
1
A. Jain
1
A. Judd
1
A. Kanchar
1
A. L. Drake
1
A. L. Slogrove
1
A. Lachman
1
A. Lycett
1
A. Miruka
1
A. Pharris
1
A. Sandoz Brand
1
A. Silveira
1
A. Sriram
1
A. Stengaard
1
A. Strode
1
A. T. Makadzange
1
A. Turkova
1
A. van Ahee
1
A. Verster
1
A. Volokha
1
A. von Gontard
1
A. Welbourn
1
A. Xhuvani
1
A. Yager
1
A. Yakovleva
1
A.Ramesh
1
A.Sullivan
1
Abela-Ridder, B. et al.
1
Abras A., Ballart C., Fernández-Arévalo A., et al.
1
Advancing Partners & Communities
1
AFEW
1
Agne Diminskyte
1
AGNES B. SEGARRA, LEA MYLENE R. REBANAL, FE A. SINSON et al.
1
AIDS Foundation (Until no child has AIDS)
1
AIDS Research and Therapy
1
Aksion Plus
1
Albania Center for Population and Development (ACPD)
1
Albanian Association of People Living with HIV/AIS
1
Alcáron de Noya, B.
1
Alexander Butchart, Susan Hillis, Angela Burton et al.
1
Alipanah N, Jarlsberg L et al.
1
Alister C. Munthali
1
Alliance
1
American Hospital Association AHA
1
AmfAR
1
Andrade, D.
1
Anjela Taneja and Amitabha Sarkar
1
Aparecida Vincent, V. et al.
1
Aranka Anema1,2*, C. G. Au-Yeung
1
ARASA (AIDS & Rights Alliance for Southern Africa)
1
Arkangelo Ali Association
1
ashm hiv management in Austalasia
1
Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women (ARROW)
1
Australian National Clinical Evidence Taskforce
1
B-Lajoie,MR. O. Drouin,G. Bartlett, et al.
1
B. Chimukangara
1
B. Unnikrishnan
1
B.A. Wall, A. Mateus, L. Marshall et al.
1
Back Pack Health Worker Team (BPHWT)
1
Bamba S. , Zida A., Sangaré I. et al.
1
Beard, R. Suzanne
1
Belgian Antibiotic Policy Coordination Committee
1
Ben Naafs, et al.
1
Benjamin O Alli [et al.]
1
Berkley, James A.
1
Bernadette Daelmans, Olufemi Oladapo, Özge Tuncalp et al
1
Bernard M. Branson, S. Michele Owen, Laura G. Wesolowski et
1
Beverly D Glass
1
Bham A., J. Bhiman, F. Bongweni et al.
1
Bham, A.
1
Bhattacharya A, et al.
1
BioMed Central
1
BMC
1
BMC Medicine
1
BMC Public Health
1
Bonita, R.
1
Bonsu FA, Hanson-Nortey NN, Afutu FK et al.
1
Bouley, T. A.
1
Braae, U.
1
Brady, O. J. et all.
1
British HIV Association
1
British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy BSAC
1
Brot für die Welt
1
BRT Business Responds to AIDS (Stopping AIDS is everyone's Business)
1
Bruce Cogill
1
Bull World Health Organ
1
Busse R, Blümel M
1
C.
1
C. Kouambeng, R. Wounang et. al.
1
C. C. Onyedum, I. Alobu, K. N. Ukwaja
1
C. D. Chikwari
1
C. Daniels, et al.
1
C. F. Bessa, G. N. lazo, G. V. Sauret
1
C. Ferreira-Borges
1
C. Figueroa
1
C. Giannou and M. Baldan
1
C. Hoffmann und J. K. Rockstroh
1
C. Kanabkaew
1
C. Mpody, et al.
1
C. Pettitt-Schieber, M. Owen, et al.
1
C. Quinn
1
C. Rae
1
C. Rodgers
1
C. S. Yaha
1
C. Workman
1
Cambridge University Press
1
Camp, R. and C. Hoffmann
1
Casa
1
Catholic Relief Services
1
CCM Georgia
1
CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)
1
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1
Cecchini, M.
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS-CDC)
1
Centers for Disease Prevention and Control CDC
1
Central Asian Association of People Living with HIV
1
Central Leprosy Division Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
1
Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg
1
Cercone, James
1
Cheesbrough, M.
1
Child Assessment service, Department of Health, HKSAR
1
Children & Aids
1
Christoffel Blinden Mission (CBM)
1
Christoffel-Blinden Mission (CBM)
1
Chu, D.K.
1
CIES IUL
1
Cilliers, J.
1
Cindil Redick& annah Sarah Faich Dini
1
Clare Gilbert
1
Clinical Infectious Diseases
1
Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1
Comité internacional de la Cruz roja
1
Community Eye Health
1
Cordner, S.
1
Cotton, M., et al.
1
Craig, J.
1
Culture and Development Section
1
Cureus
1
D. Breuer
1
D. Dufour
1
D. Hedrich
1
D. Kamaldinov
1
D. Liriope
1
D. O. Frauches
1
D. Raben
1
D. Riley
1
Danel, Isabella
1
Dar M J
1
Deininger, K.
1
Department of Health & Human Services
1
Department of Health (DOH), Phil Health
1
Department of health and human services
1
Department of Health Services Ministry of Health Nepal
1
Department of Health, National Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Disease Prevention and Control
1
Department of Health, Republic of South Africa
1
Department: Health Republic of South Africa
1
Dept. of Psychiatry
1
Detjen A, Gnanashanmugam D, Talens A
1
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tropenchirurgie
1
Development of Health and Human Services USA
1
Dheda, K.
1
Diana Beck, Frances Ganges, Susan Goldman, Phyllis Long
1
DIFÄM
1
Dilys Morgan, Hilary Kirkbride and Bengü Said
1
Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
1
Disease Control unit (CDC)
1
Donaldson, Liam
1
Doyle, M.P.
1
DR
1
Dr. A. Kumar
1
Dr. J. Breda
1
Dr. J. Rule
1
Dr. Md. N. A. Khan
1
Dr. Nathan Kenya Mugisha, Ministry of Health Uganda
1
Dr. R. S. Gupta
1
Dr. X. Zeka
1
Dressler D. D., MD, MSc Director OF
1
Druetz T.
1
Dutra, W.
1
Dyar O.J., B. Beovic, C. Pulcini et al.
1
E. Abrams
1
E. Chiappini
1
E. Gjergji
1
E. J. Abrams
1
E. Kalinichenko
1
E. L. Petroski
1
E. Tambo
1
E. Venturini
1
E.A Akl, S. Duda, et al.
1
EACS European AIDS Clinical Society
1
ECDC European Center for disease prevention and control
1
Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network
1
Elaine Abrams, Tsitsi Apollo, Janet Bhila et al.
1
Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric New Horizons (Advancing Pediatric HIV Care)
1
Elly T. Katabira,Moses R. Kamya, Israel Kalyesubula, Alice Namale
1
Elsevier Editora Ltda.
1
Elsevier Ltd
1
EMA European Medicines Agency
1
Emmanuel O. Irek, Adewale A. Amupitan, Temitope O. Obadare, Aaron O. Aboderin
1
EngenderHealt;
1
Epilepsy Foundation of America
1
Erasmus, L., Poluta, M. & Weeks, R.
1
Erica Balligand, Michiel Costers and Evelyne Van Gastel
1
Erika Sutter, Allen Foster and Victoria Francis
1
et al
1
etc al.
1
Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority
1
Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute
1
EU
1
European Centre for Disases Prevention and Control ECDC
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) andEuropean Medicines Agency (EMA)
1
European Commission
1
European Scientific Journal
1
European Society of Cardiology
1
Eurosurveillance (Europe’s journal on infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control)
1
Evans, Timothy Grant
1
Ewig S.
1
Extended Programme on Immunisation NDoH
1
Extending Service Delivery (ESD) Project, USAID
1
F. Anam
1
F. Biadglegne, U. Sack, A. C. Rodloff
1
F. Fezeu
1
F. Kiweewa, A.Dasgupta
1
F. Stuer
1
F. Verde
1
F1000Research
1
Facts Standard of Care for HIV and Coinfections in Europe
1
Faiz, M.
1
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia -Ministry of Health
1
Federal Ministries of Agriculture, Environment and Health
1
Federal Ministry Of Health - Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
1
Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria , World Health Organisation (WHO)
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
1
Fedreal Republic of Nigeria
1
FHI 360
1
Flying Publisher
1
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO
1
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO, World Health Organization WHO and World Organisation for Animal Health OiE
1
Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project
1
Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia
1
Forde, Ian
1
Fredrick K. Sawe
1
Fuchs A., J. Bielickia, S. Mathur, et.al.
1
G, Zambrano, E Salgato, F. M. Moyano et al.
1
G. H. Loneragan, H. M. Scott et al.
1
G. J. Montalto
1
G. Kyselyova
1
G. Mburu, D. Richardson
1
G. Monaghan
1
G. Ravasi
1
G. Sander
1
Gallo-Bernal, S.
1
Garcia-Zamora S.
1
Gastroenterology Society of Kenya , Republic of Keny
1
Gelband, Hellen
1
Gerald Keusch, Keith McAdam, Patricia Cuff, Michelle Mancher, and Emily R. Busta
1
German Doctors
1
Ghana Prisons
1
Ghana, Ministry of Health
1
GiZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
1
Global AIDS Program (GAP)
1
Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS)
1
Global Handwashing Partnership
1
Global Healp
1
Global Institute for Asthma
1
Global Journal of Human-Social Science
1
Gollob, K.
1
Government of India Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO)
1
Government of Kenya
1
Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Family Health Division
1
Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control
1
Government of Nepal,Ministry of Health and Population, Department of Health Services
1
Government of Nigeria
1
Government of People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services ...
1
Government of Tanzania
1
Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health
1
Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh DGHS Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
1
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Directorate General of Health Services
1
Government of the Republic of Mozambique
1
Government of Timor-Leste
1
Greenhalgh, T.
1
Gyssens I. C., W. V. Kern, D. M. Livermore
1
H. Adler, Gould, S.
1
H. Bailey et al.
1
H. Drobna, C. Mallouris
1
H. Getahun
1
H. Hafizi
1
H. Ronald
1
H. Thirumurthy, E. Omanga, B. Obonyo et al.
1
H.L. Nguyen
1
Haematologica
1
Haldane, V., De Foo, C., Abdalla, S.M. et al.
1
Handicap International, CBM
1
Hanne M. Norseth1,2, Patricia D. Ndhlovu3, Elisabeth Kleppa, et al.
1
Hans L. Rieder, Armand Van Deun, Kai Man Kam, Sang Jae Kim, T. Martin Chonde, Arnaud Trébucq, Richard Urbanczik
1
Harborview Medical Center
1
Harm Reduction International
1
Health and Education Advice and Resource Team
1
Health Care Without Harm Asia
1
Health Cluster
1
Health Cluster Turkey Hub
1
Herman Woerdenbag
1
Hernández Serrano, P.
1
Hesperian
1
Hindawi
1
Hine, P.
1
HIV law project
1
Horton, Susan, et al.
1
Hridaya Harm Reduction in India
1
Hua Fu
1
Hunt, J.
1
i-base
1
I. Frost
1
I. Mokrousov, (St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute)
1
I. Steffens
1
IASC, Global Nutrition Cluster, UNICEF
1
ICAP Columbia University (Mailman School of Public Health)
1
ICAP, et al.
1
ICF
1
ICF International, et al.
1
ICF Macro, USA
1
ICW Latina
1
ICW WA
1
IDSA, HIVMA, et al.
1
IEDCR
1
IFRC
1
IGAT Hope INC.
1
ILO
1
iMedPub Journals
1
Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
1
Implementation Science
1
India HIV/AIDS Alliance
1
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Global Health Advocates, Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group
1
Indian Council of Medical Research - Department of Health Research
1
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
1
Institute for Security Studies ISS
1
Inter-Agency Standing Committee
1
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank
1
International Bureau for Epilepsy
1
International Centre for Eye Health
1
International Coll. Essential Surgery
1
International Committee of the Red Cross
1
International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies
1
International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies IFRC
1
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
1
International Labour Organization
1
International League against Epilepsy
1
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
1
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), CORE Group
1
Irish Aid
1
Irish Aid (Government of Ireland)
1
ISCTE IUL
1
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Ministry of Public Health
1
ISPO
1
Istivto Svpreriore di Santità
1
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1
J. Alonsa-Padilla, C. Britto, et al.
1
J. Ananworanich
1
J. Bhiman, F. Bongweni et al.
1
J. Bushati
1
J. Caldwell
1
J. Gao
1
J. Kose
1
J. Langer and J. Slawomirski
1
J. M Rey
1
J. M. Humphrey
1
J. Turan
1
J. Wasserheit, H. Schünemann, et cl.
1
J. Watts Belser, D. David
1
J.-J. Kim
1
J.Lundgren
1
J.t V. Rajand
1
Jacobs Foundation
1
Jahit S, David WD
1
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
1
Jamison, Dean T.
1
Jiménez, P.
1
Joanna Busza
1
John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
1
John Hopkins Hospital antimicrobioal Stewardship Program
1
Johnson & Johnson
1
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (JAIDS)
1
Journal of Fungi
1
Journal of Infection and Public Health
1
Journal of the International AIDS Society
1
Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
1
Journal of Virus Eradication
1
JSI
1
K. A. Thomson
1
K. Church
1
K. Grant
1
K. Greenaway
1
K. Hagmaier
1
K. Khalid, A.Wharton-Smith, et al.
1
K. Munir
1
K. Stone
1
K. Wallner
1
K. Wilson
1
Kalibala Samuel, Nrupa Jani and Getachew Kassa
1
Kallam, B.
1
Kamps, B.S.
1
Kasipo, Charles
1
Katrin Leitmeyer
1
Kelley, Edward T.
1
Kendall, Tamil
1
Kenya Medical Research Institute
1
Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC)
1
Kenya MInistry of Health, Community Development, Elderly and Children
1
Kenya Ministry of Health, National AIDS and STI Control Program
1
Kibui A., Mugo R., Nyaga G., et al.
1
Kieny, Marie-Paule
1
Kim, Sun Mean
1
Kisanga O.
1
Klazinga, Niek
1
Kwonjune J. Seung, Michael L. Rich, Amy Elizabeth Barrera-Cancedda et al.
1
L. Fairlie
1
L. Guillermo Castañeda
1
L. Jankelowitz
1
L. L. Abuogi
1
L. Mofenson
1
L. R. Augustemak de Lima
1
L. Xu
1
Lambert, V.
1
LaRocque, R.
1
Leatherman, Sheila
1
Ledingham, K.
1
Lesotho National AIDS Commission, Government of Lesotho
1
Lin, Y., et al.
1
Lode, H.
1
Lok Swasthya SEWA Trust and World Health Organization WHO India
1
López-Santi, R.
1
M. Alonso González
1
M. Archary
1
M. Bray, M.S.Hirsch, D.Mitty, et al.
1
M. Dara
1
M. Dara, C. D. Acosta, V. Rusovich, et al.
1
M. G. Whitfield, H. M. Soeters, R. M. Warren, et al.
1
M. Giles
1
M. Gjergji
1
M. Gogia
1
M. Higgins-Biddle
1
M. Hodaj
1
M. Joffres
1
M. Lewis
1
M. Mansfeld
1
M. Marume, et al.
1
M. Maruva
1
M. Mireku,M. Kiruki, R. McCollum, et al.
1
M. Penazzato
1
M. Ristola
1
M. Schomaker
1
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan
1
M. Sologashvili
1
M. Vicari
1
M.-A. Davies
1
M.N. Ngongondo
1
M.Owen-Smith, et al.
1
M.Revishvili
1
Mac-Seing, M.
1
Machalaba
1
Magagula, Samuel V.
1
Malaria Consortium and Comic Relief
1
Malaria Journal
1
Malawi Ministry of Health
1
Mamdani M.
1
Managment of Health Sciences MSH
1
Manju Vatsa, Duangvadee Sungkhobol, Sudarshan Kumari, et al.
1
Manolito L. Chua, Marissa M. Alejandria
1
Maroufou Jules Alao, Blaise Ayivi and Didier Lacombe
1
Massoda Tonye, S.G.
1
Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International MCAI
1
Maxwell, J.
1
Mazigo, H.
1
McGuin, Rachael
1
Medina-Rincón, G.
1
Medizin Fokus Verlag
1
Médecins Sans Frontière
1
Médecins sans Frontières (MSF)
1
Médecins Sans Frontières MFS
1
Médecins sans Frontières MSF
1
Michael T. Osterholma, Kristine A. Moorea, Nicholas S. Kelley et al.
1
Ministerio de Salud, Argentina
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique, République Démocratique du Congo
1
Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde Brasil
1
Ministry of Health and Ministry of Environment Ghana
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), World Health Organization WHO
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare India
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Goverment of India
1
Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, Liberia
1
Ministry of Health and Child Care & UNICEF
1
Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Zimbabwe
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Nirman Bhawan New Delhi
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate-General of Health Services, Mycobacterial Disease Control, National Tuberculosis Control Programme
1
Ministry of Health and Population in Haiti
1
Ministry of Health and Population, Ministry of Health, Nepal
1
Ministry of Health and Quality of Life Mauritius
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone,
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS)
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS), Namibia
1
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS), UNAIDS
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Liberia
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Liberia
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania
1
Ministry Of Health Community, Development,Gender, Elderly And Children, the United Republic Of Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health Nepal
1
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia
1
Ministry of Health Rwanda
1
MINISTRY OF HEALTH, BARBADOS
1
Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children
1
Ministry of Health, Demographic Republic of the Congo
1
Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Liberia, World Health Organization (WHO), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
1
Ministry of Health, Malawi
1
Ministry of Health, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, et al.
1
Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Programme
1
Ministry of Health, Pakistan
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of Kenya
1
Ministry of Health, South Africa
1
Ministry of Health, Tanzania
1
Ministry of Public Health, Quatar
1
Ministry of Rural Development
1
Ministry pf Health and Sanitation Sierra Leone
1
Mohan P. Joshi Malaïka Ludman Dan Kibuule, et al.
1
Montelongo, A.
1
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1
MSF Access Campaign
1
MSF Médecins sans Frontières
1
Mukaratirwa, S. et al.
1
Mukhtar A Adeiza, Abdullah A Abba, Juliana U Okpapi
1
Murni I. K., T. Duke, S. Kinney et al.
1
N. Amanzholov
1
N. H. Ponters, A. P. Dores
1
N. Kumar
1
N. Rakhmanina
1
N. Solé, A. Marco, M Escribano, A. Orcau, et al.
1
N. Thomson
1
NACO
1
NACO India
1
NADMO Ghana
1
Nang Lao Liang Won (Researcher)
1
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
1
National Academy of Medical Sciences
1
National Agency for Control of AIDS (NACA)
1
National AIDS Control Council
1
National Association of People With HIV Australia
1
National Center for HIV
1
National Centre for AIDS and STD Control (NCASC)
1
National Centre for Disease Control
1
National Centre for Disease Control (formerly National Institute of Communicable Diseases)
1
National Centre for Disease Control - Delhi
1
National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health NICE
1
National Coordination Committee, Jan Swasthya Sabha
1
National Department of Health, Republic of South Africa
1
National Epidemiology Center Department of Health Philippines
1
National health Mission
1
National Institute for Medical Research
1
National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru India
1
National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], and ICF International
1
National Institutes of Health
1
National Legal Services Authority India
1
National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Nairobi, Kenya, and ICF International
1
National Malaria Elimination Centre, Ministry of Health, Zambia
1
National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS), India
1
National Rural Health Mission, NACO
1
National Statistical Office Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, The DHS Program
1
National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania
1
National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
1
Ndetei D, Musyimi C, Musau A, Matoke L, Mutiso V
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
Nejad, Sepideh Bagheri
1
Nepal Public Health Foundation
1
New ERA
1
NHSSP
1
Nilar Tin et al.
1
Nswilla A.
1
nternational Labour Organization
1
Nunziata, K. R.
1
Nursing Council of Kenya
1
O. Morozova, S. Dvoryak a , ∗ , Frederick L. Altice
1
O. Neyrolles (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologoie Structurale)
1
Observatory of the Penal System and Human Rights (University of Barcelona)
1
OCHA
1
Office of Health Standards Compliance (OHSC), South Africa
1
Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children
1
Olans R. N. , R. D. Olans, A. DeMaria Jr
1
One Million Community Health Workers Campaign | mPowering Frontline Health Workers
1
OPAS, OMS
1
OpenLearn Create
1
Ophthalmic Services Unit
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud (Americas)
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS
1
Organización Panamericana de la Salud
1
Organização Mundial da Saúde
1
Organização Mundial da Saúde (Américas)
1
Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS)
1
Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde
1
Organizaición Mundial de la Salud
1
Oxfam International
1
P. Berry, K. Ebi and L. Varangu
1
P. Brouwers
1
P. De Castro
1
P. Monfiston
1
P. Mulongeni
1
P. Pipero
1
P. Zheng
1
Paget Stanfield, Martin Brueton, Michael Chan, Michael Parkin, and Tony Waterston
1
PAHO/World Health Organization
1
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), OPS
1
Pan American Health Organization PAHO, World Health Organization WHO
Did you know that they are part of Antimicrobial Resistance?
Are you clear that we can all do something to avoid them?
Marcelo Barbato, intensive care physician and Director of the ICU at Hospital Maciel, the first public hospital in Uruguay with a long history in infection control, tells us.
Nosocomial or health-facility-acquired infections are a serious issue, representing one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in healthcare systems and consuming many scarce resources, especially in developing countries. Although much has been done, particularly in the hospital s...etting, to reduce the risk of these infections, the problem persists and demands innovative and cost-efficient solutions.
Although the care provided in most primary health care facilities is predominantly ambulatory with few or no inpatient beds, infection prevention is still important to minimize or eliminate the risks of facility-acquired infections and assure quality patient care.
Health facilities and hospitals should have written infection control procedures and guidelines in place and should also be monitoring that these procedures are adhered to in both inpatient and ambulatory care settings.more
The report reveals that good IPC programmes can reduce health care infections by 70 %. oday, out of every 100 patients in acute-care hospitals, seven patients in high-income countries and 15 patients in low- and middle-income countries will acquire at least one health care-associated infection (HAI)... during their hospital stay. On average, 1 in every 10 affected patients will die from their HAI.
People in intensive care and newborns are particularly at risk. And the report reveals that approximately one in four hospital-treated sepsis cases and almost half of all cases of sepsis with organ dysfunction treated in adult intensive-care units are health care-associated.more
According to WHO, infection prevention and control (IPC) is a scientific approach and practical solution designed to prevent harm caused by infection to patients and health workers. It is grounded in infectious diseases, epidemiology, social science and health system strengthening. IPC occupies a un...ique position in the field of patient safety and quality universal health coverage since it is relevant to health workers and patients at every single health-care encounter. Poor WASH and IPC lead to health acquired infections, transmission of diseases from health facilities to communities and increased use of antibiotics and exacerbate outbreak and spread of infections- in this case- COVID- 19. On the contrary, effective IPC reduces hospital-acquired infections by at least 30% (WHO 2016).more
Nosocomial infections, or hospital-acquired infec-tions (HAI), are among the most significant causesof morbidity and mortality in healthcare settingsthroughout the world.Prevention of HAIs iscentral to providing high quality and safe health-care, even in settings with limited resources.Transmi...ssion of infectious agents between patientsby health workers and irrational use of antibioticsare two important preventable factors involved inmany HAIs.more
Manual on Hospital Infection Control Guidelines prepared by the Indian Council of Medical Research Antimicrobial Stewardship Program. The document covers the basic principles of infection control, role of heath care workers, bio-waste management and elaborates on the steps to be followed for setting... up of an effective infection control in hospitals. more
COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel corona virus (SARS CoV-2), is currently a pandemic, which produces high morbidity in the elderly and in patients with associated comorbidities. Chronic kidney disease stage-5 (CKD-5) patients on dialysis [maintenance hemodialysis (MHD)or continuous ambulatory pe...ritoneal dialysis (CAPD)] are also vulnerable group because of their existing comorbidities, repeated unavoidable exposure to hospital environment and immunosuppressed state due to CKD-5. These patients are therefore not only more prone to acquire infection but also develop severe diseases as compared to general population.more
Poor quality health services are holding back progress on improving health in countries at all income levels.
Today, inaccurate diagnosis, medication errors, inappropriate or unnecessary treatment, inadequate or unsafe clinical facilities or practices, or providers who lack adequate training an...d expertise prevail in all countries.
The situation is worst in low and middle-income countries where 10 percent of hospitalized patients can expect to acquire an infection during their stay, as compared to seven percent in high income countries. This is despite hospital acquired infections being easily avoided through better hygiene, improved infection control practices and appropriate use of antimicrobials.. At the same time, one in ten patients is harmed during medical treatment in high income countries.more
Intensive Care Med (2009) 35:9–29DOI 10.1007/s00134-008-1336-9
Although thousands of papers have been devoted tohospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), many controversiesremain, and management of HAP is probably often sub-optimal. Several reviews or guidelines have been pub-lished rec...ently, mostly by North American initiatives(CDC, ATS). Three European Societies (ERS, ESCMID andESICM) were interested in producing a document thatcould complement in some way the last IDSA/ATS guidelines published 3 years ago. In addition, the Helics
working group supported this initiative.more
The ICAT is a simple and practical approach for assessing the adequacy of existing infection prevention and control practices and provides specific recommendations for improving practices and monitoring their effectiveness over time
This document provides interim recommendations for the surveillance of Zika virus infection, microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome, in four different contexts and describes reporting requirements to WHO. Transmission refers to vector-borne transmission, unless specified differently. Autochthonou...s infection is considered to be an infection acquired in-country, i.e. among patients with no history of travel during the incubation period or who have travelled exclusively to non-affected areas during the incubation period. This document does not provide guidance on laboratory investigation or vector surveillance.more
First published in 2020, this toolkit is intended for clinicians working in acute care, managing adult and paediatric patients with acute respiratory infection, including severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and septic shock. The main objective is to provide key tools for us...e in the care of critically ill patients – from hospital entry to hospital discharge.
The 2022 updated version includes new tools and adapted algorithms, checklists, memory aids for COVID-19 and influenza, and the latest clinical evidence regarding clinical management of SARI. It is intended to help clinicians care for SARI patients: from epidemiology of severe acute respiratory infections, screening and triage, infection prevention and control, monitoring of patients, laboratory diagnosis, principles of oxygen therapy and different types of ventilation (invasive and non-invasive), as well as antimicrobial and immunomodulator therapies, to ethical and quality of care assessments.
The first edition is availbel in Ukrainian and Russianmore
1.1 Why this course is needed
The first few hours and days of a newborn baby’s life are a critical window for establishing breastfeeding and for providing mothers with the support they need to breastfeed successfully. Since 1991, the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) has helped to motivate... facilities providing maternity and newborn baby services worldwide to better support breastfeeding. It has been adopted by many countries and organizations. The BFHI aims to provide a health-care environment that supports mothers to acquire the skills necessary to exclusively breastfeed for six months, and to continue breastfeeding for two years or beyond.more
Infectious diseases are constantly in transition. New diseases develop, known dis-eases become widespread or reemerge, and occasionally a disease is eradicated.Infectious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and cholera are significant causes ofillness and death in many parts of the world. Health car...e personnel are on thefront lines, helping to protect their clients from infectious diseases and treatingthem when infections occur. During the course of their work, health care person-nel perform clinical procedures or other activities that can expose both them andtheir clients to potentially infectious microorganisms. Many of their clients aresick and thus may be more susceptible to infections or may have infections thatcan be transmitted to others. Fortunately, all staff working at health care facilities can perform simple proce-dures to minimize risk—to themselves and clients—and reduce the spread ofinfections. These practices can be integrated at minimal cost into the routineworkday at clinics and hospitals around the world. This reference booklet isspecifically designed for use at all levels of the health care system, from thelargest hospitals to the smallest dispensaries or health posts, in settings whereresources are scarce. This booklet, which was first published in 1999, has now been updated. Whilemost practices remain the same, there have been a few important changes—forexample, in recommendations related to hand hygiene and standard precautions.Nonetheless, this booklet continues to present practical recommendations forsimple and relatively low-cost procedures that can be implemented anywhere,with basic supplies and little to no high-technology equipment.more
1.1 Why this course is needed
The first few hours and days of a newborn baby’s life are a critical window for establishing breastfeeding and for providing mothers with the support they need to breastfeed successfully. Since 1991, the Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) has helped to motivate... facilities providing maternity and newborn baby services worldwide to better support breastfeeding. It has been adopted by many countries and organizations. The BFHI aims to provide a health-care environment that supports mothers to acquire the skills necessary to exclusively breastfeed for six months, and to continue breastfeeding for two years or beyond.more
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a major public health problem all over the world. Infections caused by resistant microbes fail to respond to treatment, resulting in prolonged illness and greater risk of death. This document focuses on the mechanism to develop a practically applicable h...ospital antibiotic policy and standard treatment guidelines (STG). In addition, the document contains information on various effective strategies for implementation of STG. It also discusses various activities and information required for the development of the antibiogram, antibiotic policy and standard treatment guidelines, such as surveillance programmes, the cause and controlling strategies for AMR and HAI; performance measures of antibiogram, antibiotic policy and standard treatment guidelines. A model hospital STG for community-acquired pneumonia in adults is included.more
NdOH South AfricaNational Department of Health South Africa
(2018)
C1
These guidelines form part of efforts to institutionalize the prevention and containment of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in healthcare facilities in South Africa, as outlined in the Antimicrobial Resistance Strategic Framework and Implementation Plan. The focus of these guidelines is on two interr...elated aspects of prevention of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) and their spread; and the application of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) practices at hospital level. They aim to serve as a practical, step-by-step or ‘how-to’ guide, addressing the infection prevention and AMS components of a robust response in a hospital. They draw on
evidence from various international guidance documents and standards for interventions that have been shown to be successful in infection
prevention and AMS programmes. These interventions have been customised to the South African hospital setting based on local
experiences in the public and private health sectors. This was done through a series of workshops and requests for comment involving
country-level experts.more
User GuideThe toolkit is composed of three sections: Hospital and Health System Resources - includes a readiness assessment tool, the starting point in developing or enhancing a successful Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP). The tool, a checklist developed by the CDC, should be shared with se...nior management, a senior leader for quality, purchasing directors, clinic managers, nurse managers, key physician leaders, risk managers, pharmacy leaders, infection preventionists and hospital epidemiologists, laboratory staff and information technology staff. For ease of use, it is divided into two sections, one for those just beginning a program, the other for those who wish to enhance an existing program. Clinician Resources - includes webinars, clinical evidence supporting appropriate use of antibiotics, implementation guides and related articles.Patient Resources - includes frequently asked questions, pamphlets and handouts on how patients can best engage in their care and resources on appropriate use of antibiotics.more
The spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms poses anincreasing threat to affordable modern health care. In the Netherlands, efforts to control the dispersal of known and novel antimicrobial-resistant organisms have been mostly implemented at the hospital level. However, recent studies have ...recommended shifting the focus of control strategies fromsingle hospitals toward larger healthcare networks. These networks consist of clusters of hospitals that are connected viashared patients. Several studies have shown that patients transferred from one hospital to another can spread antimicrobial-resistant pathogens across the healthcare network
infection control & hospital epidemiology july 2016, vol. 37, no. 7more