In the absence of a such a measure, and building on the success of developing the APCA African 
Palliative Outcome Scale (POS) for adults, the African Palliative Care Association has developed the 
APCA African Children’s POS. The tool has been validated across diseases, countries, settings and ...
languages and used in both quality improvement and research studies. Moreover, feedback on the 
tool from doctors and nurses who have used it has been very supportive, with providers perceiving 
it as an easy-to-use instrument that helps them undertake holistic assessments that in part entail 
discussing difficult issues.
This booklet is a practical guide intended to help users employ the APCA African POS correctly. 
Following a discussion of the origins and background to the APCA African PPOS, the guide discusses 
the measurement of outcomes, the development of the tool and its use (including the analysis of 
collected data), before finishing with illustrative examples of the use of the questionnaire.
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                                                                Access to medicines is essential for attainment of universal health coverage, which is central to achievement of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals. Controlled medicines include those such as opioids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, amphetamines and others with identified or emergent cl...inical indications. WHO recognizes that these medicines are necessary for pre- and post-operative care, for sedation, for the management of both acute and chronic pain, for palliative care, as anticonvulsants (anti-epileptics), for the management of anxiety disorders and for the management of substance use disorders, including as opioid agonist therapy (OAT).
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