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Estimates of aid for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health: findings from application of the Muskoka2 method, 2002–17

Dingle, A.; Schäferhoff, M.; Borghi, J. et al. The Lancet (2020) CC

Background Four methods have previously been used to track aid for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH). At a meeting of donors and stakeholders in May, 2018, a single, agreed method was requested to produce accurate, predictable, transparent, and up-to-date estimates that coul ... d be used for analyses from both donor and recipient perspectives. Muskoka2 was developed to meet these needs. We describe Muskoka2 and present estimates of levels and trends in aid for RMNCH in 2002–17, with a focus on the latest estimates for 2017. Methods Muskoka2 is an automated algorithm that generates disaggregated estimates of aid for reproductive health, maternal and newborn health, and child health at the global, donor, and recipient-country levels. We applied Muskoka2 to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Creditor Reporting System (CRS) aid activities database to generate estimates of RMNCH disbursements in 2002–17. The percentage of disbursements that benefit RMNCH was determined using CRS purpose codes for all donors except Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; the UN Population Fund; and UNICEF; for which fixed percentages of aid were considered to benefit RMNCH. We analysed funding by donor for the 20 largest donors, by recipient-country income group, and by recipient for the 16 countries with the greatest RMNCH need, defined as the countries with the worst levels in 2015 on each of seven health indicators. Findings After 3 years of stagnation, reported aid for RMNCH reached $15·9 billion in 2017, the highest amount ever reported. Among donors reporting in both 2016 and 2017, aid increased by 10% ($1·4 billion) to $15·4 billion between 2016 and 2017. Child health received almost half of RMNCH disbursements in 2017 (46%, $7·4 billion), followed by reproductive health (34%, $5·4 billion), and maternal and newborn health (19%, $3·1 billion). The USA ($5·8 billion) and the UK ($1·6 billion) were the largest bilateral donors, disbursing 46% of all RMNCH funding in 2017 (including shares of their core contributions to multilaterals). The Global Fund and Gavi were the largest multilateral donors, disbursing $1·7 billion and $1·5 billion, respectively, for RMNCH from their core budgets. The proportion of aid for RMNCH received by low-income countries increased from 31% in 2002 to 52% in 2017. Nigeria received 7% ($1·1 billion) of all aid for RMNCH in 2017, followed by Ethiopia (6%, $876 million), Kenya (5%, $754 million), and Tanzania (5%, $751 million). Interpretation Muskoka2 retains the speed, transparency, and donor buy-in of the G8's previous Muskoka approach and incorporates eight innovations to improve precision. Although aid for RMNCH increased in 2017, low-income and middle-income countries still experience substantial funding gaps and threats to future funding. Maternal and newborn health receives considerably less funding than reproductive health or child health, which is a persistent issue requiring urgent attention. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health. more

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Consequences of the US budget cuts and the dissolution of USAID: An analysis and recommendations for action for stakeholders in international development cooperation

Liebau L., Rüppel T., Schottmayer K. medmissio (2025) CC

This publication provides a problem analysis of the U.S. cuts in global health and derives concrete recommendations for action for medical actors. The focus is on analyzing the direct effects on health-specific development cooperation.

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Consequences of the US budget cuts and the dissolution of USAID: An analysis and recommendations for action for stakeholders in international development cooperation - Executive Summary

Liebau L., Rüppel T., Schottmayer K. medmissio (2025) CC

This two-page summary provides a problem analysis of the U.S. cuts in global health and derives concrete recommendations for action for medical actors. The focus is on analyzing the direct effects on health-specific development cooperation.

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UNICEF Annual Report 2024 Staying and delivering for children

UNICEF (2025) CC

It was a difficult time to be a child in 2024. With deepening violent conflict, climate shocks and poverty, children faced skyrocketing needs while the resources to respond continued to shrink. But as this year’s Annual Report shows, across more than 190 countries and territories, UNICEF was t ... more

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Collecting and Curating SBCC Resources and Tools

The Health Communication Capacity Collaborative HC3 (2025) C2

The Health Communication Capacity Collaborative (HC3) aims to empower organisations to design, implement and evaluate social and behavioural change communication (SBCC) initiatives independently. To this end, it offers a variety of resources, such as the Health COMpass library, SBCC Implementation K ... more

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Introducing Pf-HaploAtlas: A new app to track malaria parasite mutations

MalariaGEN (2025) C2

The article introduces Pf-HaploAtlas, a new online tool developed by MalariaGEN to track genetic mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum parasite—the most deadly malaria-causing species. This app allows researchers and public health professionals to explore ... more

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Malaria Threat Map

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2025) C_WHO

The WHO Malaria Threats Map is an interactive online platform that showcases the latest global data on four critical biological threats to effective malaria control and elimination: mosquito insecticide resistance, Plasmodium falciparum hrp2/3 gen ... more

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WHO Malaria Toolkit app
recommended

World Health Organisation WHO (2025) C_WHO

The Global Malaria Programme Toolkit app brings together the content of the latest World malaria report and of the consolidated WHO Guidelines for malaria as well as operational manuals and other technical documents – in one easy-to-navigate resou ... more

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Malaria Partners Internationale Webinar Series

Malaria Partners International (2025) C1

The Malaria Partners International Webinar Series highlights the vital importance of education in the fight against malaria. The series provides a variety of educational resources, which have been created and curated by Malaria Partners International and its ... more

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The WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network WWARN

Infectious Diseases Data Observatory (2025) C1

The WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) is a global collaborative platform that provides the malaria community with innovative tools and reliable evidence to help them understand and address antimalarial drug resistance. Using molecula ... more

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Making the Case for Malaria SBC: Key Messages and Actionable Steps

RBM Partnership to End Malaria Social and Behaviour Change Working Group; Breakthrough ACTION (2025) C1

Accessed July 2025. Malaria social and behavior change (SBC) professionals are often asked to justify investments in malaria SBC. Making the case for malaria SBC requires global-level and national-level advocacy, especially given the limited resourc ... more

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The Severe Malaria Observatory

Severe Malaria Observatory SMO (2025) C1

The Severe Malaria Observatory (SMO) is a global knowledge platform designed to enable professionals working on severe malaria, such as researchers, clinicians, public health experts, programme managers, policymakers and technical partners, to acces ... more

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Answering Key Questions on Malaria Drug Delivery

ACT Consortium (2025) C2

The ACT Consortium was an international research collaboration dedicated to evaluating the effectiveness, safety and implementation of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for treating malaria. Operating across multiple countries in Africa and Asia, the consortium conducted over 25 studies ... more

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RBM Partnership to End Malaria
recommended

RBM Partnership to End Malaria (2025) C2

The RBM Partnership to End Malaria is a global coalition comprising over 500 partners, including governments, international organisations, the private sector and civil society, who are all dedicated to ending malaria worldwide. Through coordinated a ... more

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Consolidated guidance on tuberculosis data generation and use: module 3: national tuberculosis prevalence surveys

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

National tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys provide a nationally representative measurement of the burden of TB disease in the population, at a given point in time. Repeat surveys allow assessment of trends and tracking of progress towards national and g ... more

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CDC Yellow Book

United Nations Centers for Disease Control and Preventenion (2025) C_CDC

The CDC Yellow Book is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's comprehensive reference guide to health issues related to international travel. It provides evidence-based recommendations and practical guidance for healthcare professionals advising travellers, as well as for travellers themse ... more

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MALARIA DIAGNOSTICS MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY LANDSCAPE 4th EDITION

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The 2022 report reviews the global malaria diagnostics market and technological landscape to support Unitaid’s 2023–2027 strategy for quality malaria case management. The report highlights the stalled progress of malaria control efforts, the gap ... more

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Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests - Technical Bulletin November 2024

UNICEF (2024) C_WHO

Malaria remains a significant global health concern, with 249 million cases and 408,000 deaths reported in 2022, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa. The most vulnerable populations are children under five and pregnant women. Rapid and accurate diagnosi ... more

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Three MMV-supported antimalarials listed as essential medicines

Medicines for Malaria Venture MMV (2017) C2

To mark the International Day of the African Child, Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) celebrated the inclusion of three of its antimalarial medicines on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) and the EML for Children (EMLc). These are two artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for ... more

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Malaria rapid diagnostic tests, 2nd edition - Technical specifications series for submission to WHO prequalification – diagnostic assessment

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

This document provides technical guidance for manufacturers seeking World Health Organization (WHO) prequalification of in vitro diagnostic devices (IVDs) for malaria, with a focus on rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for symptomatic patients. It summarises the minimum performance requirements, includin ... more

WHO Malaria Toolkit app recommended

RBM Partnership to End Malaria recommended

WHO Malaria Toolkit app
recommended

RBM Partnership to End Malaria
recommended