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2018/19 Child Protection Budget Brief

UNICEF UNICEF (2019) CC

Investing in Child Protection Building Inclusive, Productive and Resilient Communities in Malawi

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Consequences of COVID-19 crisis for persons with HIV: the impact of social determinants of health

Waterfeld, K.C.; et al. (2021) CC

BMC Public Health (2021) 21:299 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10296-9

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MILESTONES in the HIV epidemic among children and adolescents

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2021) C_UNICEF

Milestones in the treatment, care and support, Dec 2021

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Kenya Framework for Elimination of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV and Syphilis 2016-2021

Kenya Ministry of Health, National AIDS and STI Control Program (2021) C1

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Northeast Nigeria Humanitarian Response - COVID-19 Response: Health Sector Bulletin - November 2020

Government of Nigeria Health Cluster World Health Organization (2020) CC

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HIV Interventions for Young People in Humanitarian Emergencies

Unicef; UNFPA; UNAIDS; World Health Organization; et al. (2019)

Inter-Agency Task Team on HIV and Young People Guidance Brief Accessed: 09.11.2019

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National Policy on HIV, STIs and TB for Learners, Educators, School Support Staff and Officials in all Primary and Secondary Schools in the basic Education Sector

Department of Basic Education; NDP; Read to Lead (A reading Nation is a leading Nation) (2019) C2

Accessed: 13.10.2019

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Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of Human rights in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (A/HRC/41/18)

UN Human Rights Council (2019) C1

(Advance unedited version)

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UNICEF Mozambique Cyclone Situation Report #8 (01 - 08 May 2019)

UNICEF (2019)

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Zimbabwe: Emergency Situation Report No. 6, As of 6 May 2019

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (2019) C2

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UNICEF Zimbabwe Cyclone Idai Situation Report #5 (3 May 2019)

UN Children's Fund (2019)

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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more