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Worldwide trends in the burden of asthma symptoms in school-aged children: Global Asthma Network Phase I cross-sectional study

Asher, I.; Rutter, C.E.; Bissell, K. et al. The Lancet (2021) CC

Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children globally. The Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I study aimed to determine if the worldwide burden of asthma symptoms is changing. This updated cross-sectional study used the same methods as the International study of Asthma and Allergies in Chi...ldhood (ISAAC) Phase III. Asthma symptoms were assessed from centres that completed GAN Phase I and ISAAC Phase I (1993–95), ISAAC Phase III (2001–03), or both. We included individuals from two age groups (children aged 6–7 years and adolescents aged 13–14 years) who self-completed written questionnaires at school. We estimated the 10-year rate of change in prevalence of current wheeze, severe asthma symptoms, ever having asthma, exercise wheeze, and night cough (defined by core questions in the questionnaire) for each centre, and we estimated trends across world regions and income levels using mixed-effects linear regression models with region and country income level as confounders. Overall, 119 795 participants from 27 centres in 14 countries were included: 74 361 adolescents (response rate 90%) and 45 434 children (response rate 79%). About one in ten individuals of both age groups had wheeze in the preceding year, of whom almost half had severe symptoms. Most centres showed a change in prevalence of 2 SE or more between ISAAC Phase III to GAN Phase I. Over the 27-year period (1993–2020), adolescents showed a significant decrease in percentage point prevalence per decade in severe asthma symptoms (–0·37, 95% CI –0·69 to –0·04) and an increase in ever having asthma (1·25, 0·67 to 1·83) and night cough (4·25, 3·06 to 5·44), which was also found in children (3·21, 1·80 to 4·62). The prevalence of current wheeze decreased in low-income countries (–1·37, –2·47 to –0·27], in children and –1·67, –2·70 to –0·64, in adolescents) and increased in lower-middle-income countries (1·99, 0·33 to 3·66, in children and 1·69, 0·13 to 3·25, in adolescents), but it was stable in upper-middle-income and high-income countries. Trends in prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms over the past three decades varied by age group, country income, region, and centre. The high worldwide burden of severe asthma symptoms would be mitigated by enabling access to effective therapies for asthma. more

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AidData's Tracking Underreported Financial Flows (TUFF) Methodology, Version 1.3.

Strange, A.; M. Cheng; B. Russell et al. AidData at William & Mary (2017) CC

This codebook outlines the set of TUFF procedures that have been developed, tested, refined, and implemented by AidData staff and affiliated faculty at the College of William & Mary. We initially employed these methods to achieve a specific objective: documenting the known universe of officially fin... more

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Country size bias in global health: crosscountry comparison of malaria policy and foreign aid

Tomas Jezek Global Health Research and Policy (2021) C1

Background: Foreign aid has been shown to be favourably biased towards small countries. This study investigated whether country size bias also occurs in national malaria policy and development assistance from international agencies. Methods: Data from publicly available sources were collected with c... more

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Development assistance for health: past trends, associations, and the future of international financial flows for health

Dieleman, J.L.; M. T. Schneider; A. Haakenstad et al. Lancet (2016) C1

Background: Disbursements of development assistance for health (DAH) have risen substantially during the past several decades. More recently, the international community's attention has turned to other international challenges, introducing uncertainty about the future of disbursements for DAH. Meth... more

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Spending on health and HIV/AIDS: domestic health spending and development assistance in 188 countries, 1995-2015

Global Burden of Disease Health Financing Collaborator Network Lancet (2018) CC

Background: Comparable estimates of health spending are crucial for the assessment of health systems and to optimally deploy health resources. The methods used to track health spending continue to evolve, but little is known about the distribution of spending across diseases. We developed improved e... more

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Global estimates for the lifetime cost of managing HIV

Tran, H.; b; K. Saleem; M. Lim et al. AIDS (2021) C1

Objective: There are an estimated 38 million people with HIV (PWH), with significant economic consequences. We aimed to collate global lifetime costs for managing HIV. Design: We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020184490) using five databases from 1999 to 2019. Methods: Studies were ... more

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Laboratory techniques in rabies Fifth edition Volume 2

Rupprecht, C.; Fooks, A.; Abela-Ridder, B. World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

Rabies has an enormous impact on both agriculture and conservation biology, but its greatest burden is undeniably on public health. As such, routine methods for rapid risk assessment after human exposures to rabies as well as applications for laboratory-based surveillance, production of biologicals ... more

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Laboratory techniques in rabies

Rupprecht, C.; Fooks, A,; Abela-Ridder, B. World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

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WHO interim guidelines for the treatment of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

This document focuses on the management of patients affected by gambiense HAT and constitutes an update to the WHO therapeutic guidance issued in 2013. The main changes in recommendations concern the criteria and methods for deciding the treatment among the new set of therapeutic options and the pa... more

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Informing vaccination programs: a guide to the design and conduct of dengue serosurveys

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

In this document, recommendations are provided on designing and implementing a cross-sectional serosurvey using school-based sampling to estimate age-specific DENV seroprevalence to inform a country’s national dengue vaccination program. The document includes recommendations for methods for ... more

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Developing New Diagnostic Tests for Human African Trypanosomiasis - Current status and future plans

HAT & OND Team Foundation for innovative new diagnostics FIND (2013) C2

FIND and Standard Diagnostics (SD) have developed a lateral flow rapid diagnostic test (RDT) to screen for T.b. gambiense HAT that is cheap and easy to use. The tests are packed individually and are stable at 40°C for up to 25 months; they are performed on fresh blood obtained from a finger prick... more

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Strategic purchasing for nutrition in primary health care

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

This document provides an overview of strategic purchasing of nutrition services within primary health care. It introduces key terms and payment methods for countries to use in preparing to transform their health financial systems to scale up nutrition services. It does so by introducing nutritional... more

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Buruli ulcer : diagnosis of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease : a manual for health care providers

F. Portaels; Johnson, P.; Meyers, W. World Health Organization WHO (2001) CC

This manual is to assist health care providers and laboratory scientists to diagnose mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer). The manual aims to achieve a better understanding of the clinical presentation and its diagnosis. The methods described are tailored to various levels of care and avail... more

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How Pregnancy Happens, Teaching Short

Global Health Media Project (2022) C1

This Teaching Short describes a woman’s monthly cycle and shows and tells how pregnancy happens. The videos present up-to-date standards on these important topics: contraceptive methods; family planning learning aids; contraceptive method skills (“how-to” films); counseling; reproductive heal... more

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Target product profile for a rapid test for diagnosis of Buruli ulcer at the primary health-care level

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

In 2009, WHO’s Second International Conference on Buruli Ulcer Control and Research resolved to strengthen the capacity of national laboratories to confirm cases of the disease, but advised that “efforts are still needed to develop simple diagnostic tools usable in the field as well as disabilit... more

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National responsibility for ecological breakdown: a fair-shares assessment of resource use, 1970–2017

Hickel, J.; O'Neill, D.; Fanning, A.; et al. (2022) CC

The Lancet Planetary Health Volume 6, ISSUE 4, e342-e349, April 01, 2022. Human impacts on earth-system processes are overshooting several planetary boundaries, driving a crisis of ecological breakdown. This crisis is being caused in large part by global resource extraction, which has increased dra... more

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Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers

Wilkinson, J.L.; A.B. A. Boxall, D. W. Kolpin, et al. (2022) CC

PNAS 119 (8) e2113947119 | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119 Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, m... more

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Low birthweight: country, regional and global estimates

World Health Organization WHO, UNICEF (2021) C_WHO

This report presents country, regional and global estimates of low birth weight for 2000, together with a detailed description of the methods used in calculating the estimates. Some limited data on trends are also included. The limitations of low-birth-weight data are described and recommendations a... more

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Antigen-detection in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

Interim guidance, 6 October 2021 Direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins (antigens) in nasal swabs and other respiratory secretions using lateral flow immunoassays (also known as rapid diagnostic tests, RDTs) offers a faster and less expensive method to test for SARS-CoV-2 than the reference ... more

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Pharmacies and Drug Shops: Expanding contraceptive choice and access in the private sector

Dwyer, S.C.; et al. HIP Family Planning High Impact Practices (2021) CC

this Service Delivery brief provides evidence-based strategies that can help support drug shops and pharmacies in providing a wider variety of family planning methods and information. Evidence shows that with training and support, pharmacy and drug shop staff can facilitate the use of a broad range ... more

Antigen-detection in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection recommended

Antigen-detection in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection
recommended