Search database
LIST OPTIONS
Filter
290
Filtered Results: 290
Text search: A. Jain
Featured
Language
Document type
No document type
136
Guidelines
64
Studies & Reports
55
Manuals
15
Strategic & Response Plan
10
Fact sheets
5
Training Material
4
Situation Updates
1
Countries / Regions
India
65
Global
9
Germany
8
Nepal
7
South–East Asia Region
7
Russia
7
Kenya
5
Rwanda
4
Senegal
4
Middle East and North Africa
4
Mozambique
3
Africa
3
Latin America and the Carribbean
3
Western and Central Europe
3
Brazil
3
Yemen
3
Sierra Leone
2
Syria
2
Malawi
2
Zimbabwe
2
Haiti
2
Venezuela
2
Uganda
2
Zambia
2
Indonesia
2
Nigeria
1
Estonia
1
Philippines
1
Cambodia
1
Tanzania
1
Jordan
1
Paraguay
1
East and Southern Africa
1
Argentina
1
South Africa
1
Eastern Europe
1
Namibia
1
Egypt
1
Sudan
1
Ethiopia
1
Honduras
1
South Sudan
1
Myanmar / Burma
1
Pakistan
1
Authors & Publishers
World Health Organization WHO
55
et al.
16
World Health Organisation (WHO)
9
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
7
World Health Organization (WHO)
7
Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS
6
World Health Organization
6
ICF International
5
PEPFAR
5
WHO
5
National Health Mission
4
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
3
The World Bank
3
UNICEF
3
UNICEF, World Health Organization WHO
3
USAID
3
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia
3
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe
3
A. Jain
2
Cooreman, E.A.
2
de Carvalho-Pinto, R. M.
2
Delfini Cançado, J. E.
2
Indian Council of Medical Research
2
International Crisis Group
2
International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF
2
Menezes Pizzichini, M. M.
2
Médecins Sans Frontières
2
Ministry of Health & Social Welfare India
2
NACO
2
Nidhi Singal
2
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
2
Organisation mondiale de la Santé
2
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS)
2
Public Health Foundation India
2
Save the Children
2
UN Environment Programme
2
United Nations Division for Social Policy Development (DSPD) & United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA)
2
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
2
World Health Organization WHO, SEARO/Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases
2
Zellmann, H.
2
, S. Evans‐Lacko
1
.World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
A. Ball
1
A. J. Prendergas
1
A. Kanchar
1
African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET)
1
African Union, African CDC, World Health Organisation
1
Allied Publishers Private LTD.
1
and C. Sabine
1
and T. Clasen
1
Ann Indian Acad Neurol
1
Asaaf, Shireen, Wenjuan Wang, and Lindsay Mallick
1
Assaf S., W. Wang, L. Mallick
1
Assaf, Shireen and Rebecca Winter
1
Assaf, Shireen, Wenjuan Wang, and Lindsay Mallick
1
B Watso, E.Togami et al.
1
B. S. Singhal
1
B. Subha Sri
1
B. Unnikrishnan
1
B. Williams
1
BafF e.V.
1
Basinga, P., Gertler, P.J., Binagwaho, A., et al.
1
BioMed Central
1
BMC Health Services Research
1
BMC Medicine
1
BMC Palliative Care
1
BMJ Journals
1
Bracho C., Martinez C. et al.
1
Bridge Project, et al.
1
Brot für die Welt
1
Brown, J.
1
Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge BAMF
1
Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ)
1
Bundesweite Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Psychosozialen Zentren für Flüchtlinge und Folteropfer – BAfF e. V
1
Bundesweite Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Psychosozialen Zentren für Flüchtlinge und Folteropfer (BAfF e.V.)
1
C. Beecroft
1
C. Contini, M. Maritari, M. die Nuzzo, et al.
1
C. Fitzpatrick, J.Jannin
1
Cadena-Gaitán, C.
1
Centre for Health & Infectious Disease Research (CHIP)
1
Child Health Division, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of India
1
Chou-Zen Giam
1
Ciais, P.
1
Clinical Infectious Diseases
1
ClinMed International Library
1
Cook, R.
1
D. Raben
1
DeFilipps, Robert A.
1
Dennis, C.
1
Dept. of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
1
Dept. of Psychiatry
1
Dermot Maher
1
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
1
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Systems of Social Protection India
1
Dhan Bahadur Shrestha, Pravash Budhathoki, Bipana Gurung et al.
1
Dima Zito
1
Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India
1
DOTS, WHO
1
Dowse, R.
1
Dwyer, S.C.
1
Economist Impact
1
El Fondo Mundial
1
Engender Health
1
EngenderHealth
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
1
F. Nakagawa
1
FHI360
1
Forschungszentrum Migration, Integration und Asyl
1
Frauenhauskoordinierung e.V.
1
Fuchs A., J. Bielickia, S. Mathur, et.al.
1
Futures
1
G. L. Birbeck
1
GBD 2019 Tuberculosis Collaborators
1
GBD2019 Dementia Forecasting Coolaborators
1
Germano MP, Elena F, Ndlovu N et al
1
Gertler, P. & Vermeersch, C.
1
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (Gavi)
1
Global Center on Adaptation
1
Global Fund
1
Global Heart
1
Government of India, Central Tuberculosis Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
1
Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO)
1
Government of Nepal Ministry of Education Department of Education
1
Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission
1
Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission, Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics
1
H. Advani
1
H.Getahun
1
Health Care Without Harm
1
Health Policy Project
1
Hindawi
1
HIP Family Planning High Impact Practices
1
Hong‑Mei Luo
1
Hua Yu
1
Human Rights Watch
1
I. Petersen
1
India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Neurological Disorders Collaborators
1
Indian Academy of Paediatrics
1
Indian Council of Medical Research India
1
Indonesian Urological Association
1
Institutional research information sharing iris
1
INTECH
1
Inter-Agency Standing Commitee (IASC)
1
Inter-Agency Standing Committee IASC
1
International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International
1
International Journal of Mental Health Systems
1
International Rescue Committee, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Assosa Referral Hospital
1
IPCC
1
J. de Jesus Mari, D. Razzouk, R. Thara, et al.
1
J. Katchanov
1
J. R. Andrews, S. Basu, D. W. Dowdy, et al.
1
Jain, R.P., et al.
1
Jorge Emmanuel and Ruth Stringer
1
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
1
Journal of the International AIDS Society
1
Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
1
K. Asedeu
1
K. Asiedu
1
Kamali M, Munyuzangabo M, Siddiqui FJ, et al.
1
Kengne, A.P. et al.
1
Kerry L.D. MacQuarrie, Lindsay Mallick &amp
1
Krupnick, Gary A.
1
Kumar Roy., S. and S. Bhattacharjee
1
L. F. Owolabi
1
L. Nyblade
1
L. Pandit
1
L. Rumble, A. A. Ramly, M. Nuryana, et al.
1
Lakhbir Dhaliwal, Vanita Suri, Reshmi Bagga et al.
1
Le Fonds mondial
1
Lukoye Atwoli, David Ayuku, Joseph Hogan, Julius Koech, Rachel Christine Vreeman, Samuel Ayaya, Paula Braitstein
1
Lynn Bennett, Dilli Ram Dahal and Pav Govindasamy
1
M. Doherty
1
M. Semrau
1
Maailma Terviseorganisatsioon (Euroopa)
1
Mailloux, N.A. et al.
1
Mallick, Lindsay, Wenjuan Wang, Temsah, Gheda
1
Maternal Health Division Department of Family Welfare Government of India
1
Maternal Health Division Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
1
Megan Best, Carlo Leget, Andrew Goodhead and Piret Paal
1
Mensah, G.A.
1
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)
1
Ministerio de Salud Argentina
1
Ministerio de Salud Lineamientos para el diagnóstico, abordaje en el período agudo y seguimiento post COVID-19 de niños, niñas y adolescentes Programa Nacional de Salud Escolar (PROSANE) y Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría (SAP)
1
Ministério da saúde secretaria de Vigilância em saúde departamento de Vigilância das doenças transmissíveis, Brasil
1
Ministry of Education, Nepal
1
Ministry of health
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare India
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India, et al.
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of India
1
Ministry of Health, Kenya
1
Ministry of Health, Zambia
1
N. Kumar
1
N. M. Shehu
1
N. P. Singh
1
NACO India
1
National AIDS
1
National AIDS Control Organisation
1
National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National Centre for Disease Control
1
National Disaster Management Authority India
1
National Health Accounts Technical Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of india
1
National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru India
1
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Government of India
1
Neonatal Guideline Development Group, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India
1
Nepal Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, and ICF International
1
Neurology Asia
1
O'Donovan, G.
1
OCHA
1
Oppah Kuguyo, A. Matimba, Nomsa Tsika, et al.
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
1
Organizaición Mundial de la Salud
1
Osório, D.V.
1
Oxfam
1
P. Glaziou
1
P. J. Dodd
1
P. K. Jain
1
Pan African Medical Journal
1
Pan American Journal of Public Health
1
Pandey, J. P., M.R. Dhakal, S. Karki, P. Poudel, and M.S. Pradhan
1
Plan International
1
PLoS ONE
1
PMC
1
PMC (US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health)
1
Pokhrel, Yog Raj
1
Poudel, BabuRam
1
Project Drawdown
1
R. Baggaley
1
R. Granich
1
R. Thapar
1
R..R. Ved
1
Rajat Khosla, Moazzam Ali and Jane Cottingham
1
Rajesh Upadhyay, Milind Y Nadkar, A Muruganathan
1
Ranjita Misra
1
Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre
1
Rehabilitation Council of India, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
1
Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF International
1
Ruiz-Postigo, J.A.
1
Rutstein, S.E., J. Ananworanich, S. Fidler, et al.
1
S Karthick and Sangita Barwa
1
S. Aleyan
1
S. Chakraborty, K. Syal, R. Bhattacharyya, et al.
1
S. D. Owolabi
1
S. F. Jakobsen
1
S. Galwankar
1
S. Gupta
1
S. Jain
1
S. K. Das
1
S. Ripoll and S. Carter
1
SAGE Journals
1
Sarity Dodson, Suvajee Good and Richard Osborne
1
Semmes, Oliver John
1
Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters (SRHM)
1
Sharma, Mahasharm
1
Shiferaw Dechasa Demissie, et al.
1
Shiv Gautam, Akhilesh Jain, Manaswi Gautam, et al.
1
Shi‑Lin Chen
1
Singh, A. K.
1
Sirinivas, S.
1
Sliwa, K.
1
Social Science in Humanitarian Action
1
Sociedad Paraguaya de Pediatria
1
Srivastava, Swati, Karan, Anup K., Bhan, Nandita, Mukhopadhya, Indranil. et al.
1
Stemmet, C.L.
1
Stree Shakti-The Parallel Force, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
1
Sunita Kishor
1
T. K. Banerjee
1
Tabitha Hrynick, T.
1
Tarun Gera, Dheeraj Shah, Paul Garner et al.
1
Terre des hommes
1
The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP
1
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
1
Turco, J.V. et al.
1
UN Children´s Fund
1
UN Children's Fund UNICEF
1
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UN Country Team in Yemen
1
UNAIDS
1
UNDP
1
UNICEF, WHO, Wellstart International
1
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
1
United Nations Population Fund
1
V. Parikh
1
V. Tucci
1
Vaduganathan, M.
1
van Dyk, L.
1
Verein demokratischer Ärztinnen und Ärzte
1
Walker, N.F.
1
Wang, W., Do, M., Hembling, J. & Ametepi, P.
1
Wang, Wenjuan, Soumya Alva, Rebecca Winter, and Clara Burgert
1
Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council
1
Wenjuan Wang, Rebecca Winter, Lindsay Mallick, Lia Florey, Clara Burgert-Brucker, and Emily Carter
1
WHO Collaborating Centre on HIV and Viral Hepatitis
1
WHO Country Office for India
1
WHO Neglected Tropical Diseases Department
1
World Health Organization WHO
1
World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank, Global Financing Facility (GFF) et al.
1
World Health Organization - Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization - Regional Office South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization WHO, International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office South-East Asia
1
Wrench, W.
1
Yuyun, M.F.
1
Zipper, S.
1
Publication Years
Category
Guidelines
31
Studies & Reports
25
Policies
14
COVID-19
12
Demograhic Health Surveys DHS
12
Policies & Guidelines HIV & TB
12
Women & Child Health
11
Non-communicable Diseases
8
Family Planning
6
Disabilities
6
Statistics
5
NTDs & Others
5
Paediatrics
4
Maternal Health
4
Pediatrics
4
Drugs & Medical Equipment
4
Capacity Building
4
Maternal Health
4
Yaws
3
Community Health
3
Virology
3
Vaccine-preventable Diseases
3
HIV & STI
3
Reproductive Health
3
Digital Health
2
Hepatitis
2
Child Health
2
Cancer
2
Maternal & Child Health
2
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
2
Countries
2
Cardiovascular Diseases
2
Community Health
2
Humanitarian Crisis
2
Mental Health
2
Leprosy
2
Primary Health Care
2
Dengue
2
Leishmaniasis
2
Disease Prevention & Control
2
Pharmacy & Technology
1
Under-5 nutrition
1
Diabetes
1
Trachoma
1
Taeniasis/ Cysticercosis
1
Onchocerciasis
1
Schistosomiasis
1
Lymphaticfilariasis
1
Monitoring & Evaluation
1
Palliative Care
1
Cervical Cancer
1
Cancer Treatment & Resources
1
COVID-19
1
Medical Devices & Equipment
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
1
Palliative Care
1
Other
1
Waste Management
1
Immunization
1
Quality Control & Assurance
1
Needs Assessment
1
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
1
Health Systems
1
Age & Elderly
1
Neonatal Care
1
Global Health
1
Toolboxes
Neurological Disorders
8
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
7
Genomic sequencing
7
Policies & Strategies
6
Long COVID/ Post-COVID Syndrome
6
Epilepsy
6
Mental Health
5
Epilepsy
5
Country specific documents
4
Self-harm & Suicide
4
Laboratory Guidance
3
HIV testing & services
3
Violence & Protection
3
Substance Use Disorders, Others
3
Prevention & Preparedness
3
Diagnostics & Laboratory Guidance
3
Surveillance & Contact tracing
3
Global Impact: Socio-economic, health services, TB & HIV
3
Hospital Readiness/Essential Health Services
3
Communication Material
3
Handbooks & Manuals
3
Traditional & Herbal Medicines
3
Studies & Reports
3
War, Conflict Areas & Refugees
3
War & Conflict
2
Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)
2
General Reports
2
Country specific
2
Prevention & Control
2
Children & Adolescents
2
Opportunistic Infections
2
Dengue
2
Policies
2
Treatment Guidelines HIV
2
Stroke
2
Public Health
2
Children/Adolescents Mental Disorders
2
Mozambique
2
Medical professionals
2
Toolkit on disability for Africa
2
General
2
Universal Health Coverage UHC and 90-90-90 Strategy
2
Appeals and Response Plans
2
Paediatrics
2
Child Protection
2
Medical & Community Masks
2
Nurses
2
Women & Maternal Health
2
Freshwater use
2
One Health
2
Zoonoses
2
Health Impact & Climate Change
2
Heat
2
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
2
Studies & Reports
2
Overview, Studies & Reports
2
Yaws & other Endemic Treponematoses
2
Education
2
General Information
2
Studies & Reports
2
Prevention & Strategies
2
Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP), Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
2
Asia
2
Substance Use Disorders & Addiction
2
Research & Access
2
TB/HIV Coinfection
2
HIV service delivery
2
Studies & Reports
2
Neurological disorders, Others
2
Gender Aspects
1
Africa
1
Drugs
1
Integration
1
ART Drug Resistance
1
Local Action
1
Surveillance
1
Children with Disabilities
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
IPC
1
Background PTSD in children
1
Treatment & Prevention
1
Clinical Aspects
1
Training
1
Influenza Prevention & Control
1
Diagnosis & Treatment PTSD in Children
1
Prevention Guidelines
1
Schizophrenia
1
Interculturality
1
Germany
1
Opoids
1
Orphans & vulnerable children
1
General Studies & Reports
1
Prevention & Control
1
TB & Other Vulnerable Populations
1
Discrimination & Stigma
1
Training Supporting Material mhGAP
1
Women's Mental Health
1
Laboratory & Sampling
1
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
1
Sexual Abuse
1
Stress
1
Reports
1
Manuals
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Situation Reports & Updates
1
Studies
1
Public Health
1
Country Specific
1
Simulations
1
Humanitarian Aid
1
Guidelines
1
Child Friendly Spaces (CFS)
1
LGBTI*
1
Health Care Professionals & Spirituality
1
Palliative Care
1
General
1
RCCE Guides & Manuals
1
Access & Strategy
1
Children & Mental Health
1
Psychosocial Support
1
Studies & Reports
1
Community Health Workers CHW
1
Midwives
1
Triage
1
Biodiversity shift
1
Climate Change General
1
Reports
1
Rational use of Medicine
1
Resuscitation
1
Pediatrics
1
Cancer
1
Biogeochemical flows
1
Climate Change
1
Pharmacovigilance
1
General
1
Non-communicable Diseases NCD
1
Ethics
1
Best Practice Examples
1
MPOX -Monkeybox Prevention & Control
1
Leishmaniasis
1
Capacity Building & Resources
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
1
Statistics & Facts
1
Studies & Reports
1
NTDs General
1
Access to treatment and laboratory
1
Health Financing Toolbox
1
Prevention & Strategies
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
1
Information & Education Material (IEC)
1
General
1
Detection & Diagnosis
1
Diagnosis
1
Training Material
1
Drug resistant TB
1
Policies and guidelines
1
others
1
Alzheimer's Disease & Dementia
1
Assessment & Response
1
Mental disorders, others
1
Asia
1
Mental Health
1
Context & Facts
1
Nutrition
1
Assessment & Response
1
HIV / AIDS
1
HIV and coinfection
1
Chikungunya Prevention & Control
1
Anxiety Disorders
1
Going abroad
1
Best Practice Examples
1
Community-based Mental Health Care
1
AmR (Region of Americas)
1
Antiretroviral Treatment ART
1
Psychosocial Support
1
Capacity Building
1
Meningitis & Encephalitis
1
Social Determinants of Health
1
Eastern Europe and central Asia
1
Treatment & Clinical Management
1
Policy Research Working Paper 6100 | Impact Evaluation Series No. 60 | This study examines the effect of performance incentives for health care providers to provide more and higher quality care in Rwanda on child health outcomes. The authors find that the incentives had a large and significant effec... more
BMC Medicine201210:107 https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-107© Katchanov and Birbeck; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Received: 10 July 2012Accepted: 24 September 2012Published: 24 September 2012 In 2011, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) mental health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) r... more
The revised package of BFHI materials includes five sections: 1. Background and Implementation, 2. Strengthening and Sustaining the BFHI: A course for decision-makers, 3. Breastfeeding Promotion and Support in a Baby-friendly Hospital: a 20-hour course for maternity staff, 4. Hospital Self-Appraisal... more
Comprehensive Primary Health Care has an important role in the primary and secondary prevention of several disease conditions, including non-communicable diseases which today contribute to over 60% of the mortality in India. The provision of Comprehensive primary health care reduces morbidity, disab... more
The UK government hosted the Global Vaccine Summit on June 4, 2020 under the patronage of the Rt. Hon. Boris Johnson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The meeting was held by videoconference in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. 2. The Summit brought... more
Despite the significant role of vector control in national leishmaniasis control programmes, the programmatic community perceives vector control as the weakest component of leishmaniasis control strategies in terms of resources, scientific evidence of the usefulness of interventions and capacity for... more
The growing understanding of how sequence information can contribute to improved public health is driving global investments in sequencing facilities and programmes. The falling cost and complexity of generating GSD provides opportunities for expanding sequencing capacity; however, challenges to wid... more
These consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services (HTS) bring together existing and new guidance on HTS across different settings and populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) first released consolidated guidelines on HTS in 2015, in response to requests from Member States, national pr... more
The aims of these guidelines are to provide guidance to health-care providers (i.e. the end-users of these guidelines: physicians, nurses, pharmacists and caregivers) on the adequate relief of pain associated with cancer. They also assist policy-makers, programme managers and public health personnel... more
The goal of the strategy is to prevent seasonal influenza, control the spread of influenza from animals to humans, and prepare for the next influenza pandemic. The new strategy is the most comprehensive and far-reaching that WHO has ever developed for influenza. It outlines a path to protect popul... more
High quality of care in family planning (FP) services has been found to be associated with increased and continued use of contraceptive methods. The interpersonal skills and technical competence of the provider is one of the main components of quality of care. To study the process component of quali... more
This report on global leishmaniasis surveillance follows those published in 2016–2023.2–6 Six indicators of leishmaniasis are publicly available from the Global Health Observatory (GHO).7 In addition to the GHO, country profiles with up to 30 indicators are published, with detailed data received... more
Reading Material for ASHA no.8
Human rights-based approaches to the creation of knowledge involve application of human rights principles to both the content and process of knowledge creation. Human rights-based approaches have special significance for the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of all people, in particul... more
This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide. (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)