This guideline covers diagnosing, monitoring and managing asthma in adults, young people and children. It aims to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, help people to control their asthma and reduce the risk of asthma attacks. It does not cover managing severe asthma or acute asthma attacks. It emphasi...zes the importance to include advice in the personalised
action plan on minimising indoor air pollution and reducing exposure to outdoor air pollution.
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Globally, it is estimated that 1 billion people suffer from acute and chronic respiratory conditions, making them major causes of illness and death. Although there is a relative lack of data and evidence on lung diseases beyond tuberculosis (TB) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), their estimated regional ...burden is large and growing. In addition, there is a poorly understood relationship between infections, such as TB, and non-infectious causes of lung health problems. The problem in lung diseases in SSA is exacerbated by many factors, including under-prioritisation, under-treatment and weak preventative measures.
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The article "Economic Burden of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Systematic Literature Review" examines the financial impact associated with moderate-to-very severe COPD. The review analyzes studies published between 2006 and 2016 that discuss healthcare resource utilization (HRU), di...rect costs, and indirect costs related to COPD, with a focus on Europe and North America. It highlights that direct costs, including hospitalizations and medical treatments, increase with the severity of COPD and the frequency of exacerbations. Multivariate analyses identify key factors driving these costs, such as comorbidities and prior treatment history. The findings underscore the significant economic burden of COPD on healthcare systems and emphasize the need for improved management strategies to reduce costs and optimize patient care.
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The document titled "Use of Non-Sugar Sweeteners: WHO Guideline" provides recommendations from the World Health Organization on the use of non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) to reduce sugar intake, manage weight, and prevent diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). It discusses the potential effects of... NSS on body weight, blood sugar control, and long-term health risks such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The guideline highlights limited evidence on the benefits of NSS for weight control and raises concerns about possible health risks with long-term use, leading WHO to suggest limiting NSS consumption as a preventive health measure.
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The Health Financing Toolbox is designed to equip development cooperation stakeholders with essential information on the internal and external financing of nation states, with a particular emphasis on health financing. To achieve this, the Health Financing Toolbox includes a comprehensive collection... of topic-specific documents, along with numerous interactive world maps and data tables. These digital tools enable users to explore key aspects of health financing across all countries, with data categorized into both economic and medical dimensions.
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The article investigates the effectiveness and challenges of remote monitoring systems for chronic respiratory diseases, focusing on COPD and asthma. It reviews various technologies and their potential to improve patient outcomes through better symptom tracking, medication adherence, and early detec...tion of exacerbations. The study highlights that while remote monitoring has significant potential, challenges such as data accuracy, patient compliance, and integration with existing healthcare systems remain. The authors call for further research to standardize and validate remote monitoring tools and emphasize the need for patient-centric approaches to enhance engagement and adherence.
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L’année 2024 a été particulièrement éprouvante pour les enfants. Face à l’intensification des conflits violents, des chocs climatiques et de la pauvreté, leurs besoins n’ont en effet cessé de croître tandis que les ressources disponibles pour y répondre ont continué de diminuer.
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Comme le montre notre Rapport annuel, l’UNICEF a néanmoins été présent dans plus de 190 pays et territoires, sauvant et améliorant la vie de millions d’enfants, y compris dans les endroits les plus difficiles d’accès. Avec l’aide de nos partenaires, nous avons œuvré à fournir de l’eau salubre et des installations d’assainissement, ainsi que des services de protection, de soutien psychosocial, de santé, de nutrition, de vaccination, d’éducation et de développement des compétences.
Alors que 2025 s’ouvre dans un contexte d'instabilité persistante, de bouleversements politiques, d'incertitude économique et de multiplication des crises humanitaires, l’organisation doit plus que jamais donner le meilleur d’elle-même. Or, les coupes annoncées et attendues dans les financements de l’aide internationale limitent notre capacité à venir en aide aux millions d’enfants les plus vulnérables.
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Asthma is a heterogeneous condition characterised by chronic inflammation and variable expiratory airflow limitation, with airway reversibility. Management of chronic inflammation with anti-asthma medication improves asthma control and quality of life. The aim of this journal is to provide an eviden...ce-based approach for chronic asthma management in young children and adolescents and provide guidance on the use of new asthma drugs in children.
For that, the South African Childhood Asthma Working Group (SACAWG) convened in January 2017. The asthma treatment task group reviewed the available scientific literature and international asthma treatment guidelines. The evidence was then graded according to the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system and recommendations were made based on scientific evidence and local context. Asthma management recommendations were made for children ˂6 years of age and older children and adolescents, as well as for stepping up and stepping down of therapy. This review does not include biologics or novel asthma drugs, which are covered in another CME article in this edition of SAMJ.
The final conclusions are that it is important to ensure good response, treatment and adherence, type of medication, device and checking of technique are all critical. Stepping up of therapy should be done only after ensuring good adherence and technique. Once therapeutic response is achieved, medication administration has to be stepped down to improve ease of use and avoid unnecessary side-effects.
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A systematic review of connections between climate change, globalization and NCD'S
A systematic review of connections between climate change, globalization and NCD'S
A systematic review of connections between climate change, globalization and NCD'S
Asthma is a common breathing condition. Chances are that at least one in every fifth person will have it. People with asthma might have a cough, or wheeze and a feeling of tightness in their chests. A group of researchers from the United Kingdom teamed up with seven African countries to learn about ...the challenges that children living with asthma in Africa face. One part of their research focuses on air pollution specifically. This research indicates ways to deal with asthma triggers and help more people understand asthma and enjoy a normal active life.
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The ECDC's Cholera Monthly Surveillance page provides up-to-date data on cholera cases reported in Europe and globally. It monitors outbreaks, tracks trends, and analyzes the spread of the disease to support public health responses. The page includes interactive maps, statistics, and reports to help... policymakers, researchers, and healthcare professionals understand cholera’s epidemiology and implement preventive measures.
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Asthma is a heterogeneous condition characterised by chronic inflammation and variable expiratory airflow limitation, as well as airway reversibility. The diagnosis of asthma in young children is limited by the inability to perform objective lung function testing in this group of patients and the wi...de variety of conditions that can phenotypically present with asthma-like symptoms.
This article provides an evidence-based approach for clinicians to accurately diagnose asthma in young children and to assess the level of control to guide therapeutic decisions.
The South African Childhood Asthma Working Group (SACAWG) convened in January 2017 with task groups, each headed by a section leader, constituting the editorial committee on assessment of asthma epidemiology, diagnosis, control, treatments, novel treatments and self-management plans. The asthma diagnosis and control task groups reviewed the available scientific literature and assigned evidence according to the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system, providing recommendations based on current evidence.
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The increasing prevalence of childhood asthma in the developed world is a cause for concern. A so-called Western lifestyle has been the factor most commonly cited to explain this worrying increase in asthma prevalence. Early studies in a limited number of African countries showed a very low rural pr...evalence of childhood asthma, especially where children lived according to a traditional lifestyle. These same studies showed that asthma was not uncommon in urbanized African children. There has been an
increasing tendency over the past 20 years for those in rural communities to move to the large urban centers. This article analyses the urban-rural differences and factors that influence the development of asthma in susceptible children.
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يحتوي الموجز من المنشور الرئيسي لمنظمة الأغذية والزراعة، حالة الأمن الغذائي والتغذية في العالم 2022، على الرسائل الرئيسية والنقاط لأساسية من المنشور ويستهدف وسائل ا...لإعلام وواضعي السياسات وعامة الجمهور.
يرها من المواد المتصلة بنشر الرئيسي وتتوفر أيضا :
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The alarming rise in the worldwide prevalence of obesity and associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reached epidemic portions. Diabetes in its many forms and T2DM have different physiological backgrounds and are difficult to classify. Bariatric surgery (BS) is considered the most effective ...treatment for obesity in terms of weight loss and comorbidity resolution, improves diabetes, and has been proven superior to medical management for the treatment of diabetes. The term metabolic surgery (MS) describes bariatric surgical procedures used primarily to treat T2DM and related metabolic conditions. MS is the most effective means of obtaining substantial and durable weight loss in individuals with obesity. Originally, BS was used as an alternative weight-loss therapy for patients with severe obesity, but clinical data revealed its metabolic benefits in patients with T2DM. MS is more effective than lifestyle or medical management in achieving glycaemic control, sustained weight loss, and reducing diabetes comorbidities. New guidelines for T2DM expand the use of MS to patients with a lower body mass index.
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Indem sie die Deklaration „Universal health coverage: moving together to build a healthier world“ unterzeichnet hat, hat die Bundesregierung dieses Ziel im September 2019 noch einmal bekräftigt. Sie hat außerdem zugesichert, sich verstärkt um bisher besonders Benachteiligte zu kümmern und d...arauf zu achten, niemanden zurückzulassen („leave no one behind“). Für alle in Deutschland lebenden Menschen müssen demnach die notwendigen Gesundheitsdienste diskriminierungsfrei zugänglich sein.
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Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region there has been a rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and it is now the fourth leading cause of death. The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the emergence of ...diabetes complications as a cause of early morbidity and mortality, and the enormous and mounting burden on health care systems make diabetes a priority health concern. These guidelines provide up-to-date, reliable and balanced information for the prevention and care of diabetes mellitus in the Region. The information is evidence-based and clearly stated to facilitate the use of the guidelines in daily practice. They are intended to benefit physicians at primary, secondary and tertiary level, general practitioners, internists and family medicine specialists, clinical dieticians and nurses as well as policy-makers at ministries of health. They provide the information necessary for decision-making by health care providers and patients themselves about disease management in the most commonly encountered situations.
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What does the future hold for the world’s children?
In many ways, the future is now. Today’s actions and decisions will determine the future children inherit.
Unfortunately, today's children live in a world fraught with crises, poverty and discrimination. Where far too many are deprived of... opportunities to meet their full potential.
We can and must do better.
The future of childhood hangs in the balance.
This year’s State of the World’s Children Report examines the forces and trends shaping our world today and reflects on how they might shape the future.
The report explores three megatrends that will profoundly impact children’s lives between now and 2050: demographics shifts, the climate and environmental crises and frontier technologies.
It also presents three future scenarios – possible outcomes, not predictions – for how children could experience the world of 2050.
As we consider what we can do today, our responsibility is clear: now is the time to shape a better future for every child.
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