The article discusses the significant impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a global health issue, with cigarette smoking as the main risk factor. However, in developing countries, the causes of COPD are often multifactorial, involving environmental tobacco smoke, biomass fuel sm...oke, dust, fumes, childhood illnesses, and tuberculosis (TB). Up to half of COPD patients in these regions are non-smokers. The article emphasizes that while smoking is crucial, other risk factors contribute significantly to COPD, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It highlights the need for targeted research and public health strategies to address these diverse contributors to COPD, especially in Africa.
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The objectives of these WHO guidelines are to provide updated evidence- based recommendations for the treatment of persons with hepatitis C infection using, where possible, all DAA-only combinations. The guidelines also provide recommendations on the preferred regimens based on a patient’s HCV gen...otype and clinical history, and assess the appropriateness of continued use of certain medicines. This document also includes existing recommendations on screening for HCV infection and care of persons infected with HCV that were first issued in 2014
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Clinical Infectious Diseases 2010; 50:291–322
Discussion paper initially prepared in April 2015 to facilitate feedback, and finalized after the
June 2015 meeting of WHO’s Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for TB (STAG-TB).
Recommendations for a Public Health approach and considerations for policy-makers and managers
www.jogh.org • doi: 10.7189/jogh.02.020405 ~ December 2012 • Vol. 2 No. 2 • 020405
PLoSONE 12(9):e0184986.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184986
Asylum and Migration Working Paper 1
Human Rights, Minimum Standards and Monitoring at the European and International Levels
Programme Brief
Accessed: 21.08.2019