Search database
Filter
365
Text search: biomedical and health research
Featured
Language
Document type
No document type
192
Studies & Reports
73
Guidelines
48
Strategic & Response Plan
19
Manuals
18
Fact sheets
5
Training Material
4
Situation Updates
2
Infographics
2
Resource Platforms
1
Videos
1
Countries / Regions
Rwanda
21
India
17
Liberia
12
Global
11
Sierra Leone
9
Congo, Democratic Republic of
9
Zambia
9
Malawi
9
Nigeria
8
Kenya
8
South Africa
8
Uganda
7
Ethiopia
6
Western and Central Europe
6
Africa
6
Zimbabwe
5
Guinea
4
Syria
4
Namibia
4
Ukraine
4
South–East Asia Region
4
Cameroon
3
Tanzania
3
Russia
3
Burkina Faso
2
Côte d’Ivoire / Ivory Coast
2
Ghana
2
Myanmar / Burma
2
East and Southern Africa
2
West and Central Africa
2
Asia
2
Eastern Europe
2
Senegal
1
USA
1
Nepal
1
South Sudan
1
Iraq
1
Chad
1
Bangladesh
1
Papua New Guinea
1
Sudan
1
Peru
1
Eswatini/ Swaziland
1
Brazil
1
Colombia
1
Bolivia
1
Angola
1
Middle East and North Africa
1
Latin America and the Carribbean
1
Armenia
1
Canada
1
Japan
1
Authors & Publishers
World Health Organization WHO
60
UNAIDS
28
et al.
24
World Health Organization
20
World Health Organization (WHO)
12
USAID
10
WHO
8
World Health Organisation (WHO)
7
Ministry of Health, Rwanda
6
Unicef
6
UNFPA
5
Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria
4
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA)
4
Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS)
3
Ministry of Health, Kenya
3
Ministry of Health, Zambia
3
PLOS One
3
Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
2
African Union
2
Frontiers in Public Health
2
Government of Malawi
2
HEART
2
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
2
Ministry of Health, Malawi
2
Ministry of Health, Rwanda & Rwanda Biomedical Centre
2
Pan American Health Organization PAHO
2
PEPFAR
2
Rwanda Biomedical Center - Institute of HIV
2
Stop TB Partnership
2
The World Bank
2
UN Children's Fund UNICEF
2
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV
2
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
2
World Health Organization (Europe)
2
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia
2
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
2
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa
2
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe
2
World Health Organization World Health Organization WHO
2
)Unicef
1
A. Rimoin
1
A. Abdul-Quader, M. Berry, T. Bingham
1
A. Aerts, M. Grzemska
1
A. Alebel
1
A. Bone
1
A. G. Lentoor
1
A. Gebrie
1
A. Hanciles-Amu
1
A. Wirtz
1
A. Yakovleva
1
A.-C. ZK Bissek
1
Addo-Yobo, E. et al.
1
African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET)
1
African Palliative Care Association
1
African Religious Health Assets Programme (ARHAP)
1
Aidsfonds
1
AIDSinfo
1
Amodeo, C. et al.
1
Annals of General Psychiatry
1
Asociación Colombiana de Infectiologiá ACIN
1
Ayala, George
1
B. Subha Sri
1
B. Tesfaye
1
BASICS
1
Bedding, E.J.
1
Bigna J. J., M.A. Amougou
1
Bioethics
1
BioMed Central
1
BMC
1
BMC Biology
1
BMJ
1
BMJ Open
1
Bodeker, Gerard (Ed.)
1
Boeuf, P.
1
Bolivia, Ministerio de Salud, Gobierno de Estado Plurinacional s
1
Bonita, R.
1
Bozorgmehr, K.
1
Braam, D.
1
Brabin, L.
1
Brozek, J. L.
1
BUKO Pharma-Kampagne/Gesundheit und Dritte Welt e.V.
1
C. Irvine
1
C. Pérez Casas
1
Capps, B.
1
Cawthrope, D.
1
CDC
1
CDC et al.
1
Centers for Disease Prevention and Control CDC
1
Central Asian Association of People Living with HIV
1
Central TB Division, Director ate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Central TB Division, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH)
1
Centre for Maternal and Newborn Health (CMNH), from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM)
1
Chang, Judy et al.
1
Cheesbrough, Monica
1
Christopher J.L. Murray1 & Julio Frenk
1
Chung, K. F.
1
Cook B.
1
CORE Group
1
Countdown
1
Crane, M.
1
Crosbie, E.
1
D. Kamaldinov
1
D. Kerrigan
1
D. Ruiz
1
D. S. Nsagha
1
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto
1
Dan Hanfling, John Hick, and Clare Stroud
1
David Marsh, Ashley Aakesson, Kechi Anah et al.
1
Department of Nutrition
1
Directorate General of Drug Administration,, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, People's Republic of Bangladesh
1
Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development Journal (DCIDJ)
1
Doyle, M.P.
1
Dr. A. Wang
1
Dr. E. Emmett
1
Dr. M. Dara
1
E. Abrams
1
E. Okitolonda
1
E. Stevens
1
EAWAG
1
Elaine Abrams, Tsitsi Apollo, Janet Bhila et al.
1
Elisabetta Buscarini, Harald Lutz and Paoletta Mirk
1
END TBc1
1
Environmental Research Letters
1
et al
1
EuroHealth Observer
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
1
European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Eurostation
1
European Union EU
1
Fairhead, J.
1
Fast-Track Cities
1
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia -Ministry of Health
1
Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Uganda
1
FHI 360
1
fhi360
1
Fleischer, K. et al.
1
Fondo de Poblaciones de las Naciones Unidas - UNFPA
1
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
1
G. H. Loneragan, H. M. Scott et al.
1
G. Ooms
1
GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborator
1
GBD2019 Dementia Forecasting Coolaborators
1
German Bishops' Conference Research Group on International Church Affairs
1
Ghana Health Service
1
Gillini, L.
1
Global Tuberculosis Proqramme, World Health Organization
1
Global Forum on MSM & HIV
1
Global Fund
1
Global Health & Medicine
1
Global Health Watch
1
Global Health: Science and Practice
1
Global Heart
1
Global Initiative for Asthma
1
GNP+ (Global Network of people living with HIV)
1
GOARN
1
Governement of Nepal, Ministry of Health
1
Government of Guinea
1
Government of India
1
Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO)
1
Government of Malawi, Ministry of Health
1
Government of Papua New Guinea
1
Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, World Health Organization
1
Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health
1
Government of the Syrian Arab Republic, UN Development Programme
1
Grant, C.
1
Gureje, O.
1
H. Ingold
1
H.E. Drummer
1
Hanigan, I. et al.
1
Harvard Global Health Institute
1
Health Care Without Harm
1
Health Professional Council of South Africa
1
Hege Johanne Asting Magnussen
1
HIV and AIDS Ministry of Health
1
Howse, E.
1
hrp
1
I. Semini
1
IACAPAP
1
IATT
1
ICAP Columbia University (Mailman School of Public Health)
1
ICF International
1
ICF Macro
1
ICRC
1
IFRC
1
Igras, S., Sinai, I., Mukabatsinda, M., et al.
1
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) & Department of Biotechnology
1
Indian Nursing Council
1
Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Reference Group for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings
1
International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA
1
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank
1
International commitee of the Red Cross
1
International Council of Nurses
1
International Diabetes Federation
1
International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies
1
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), World Health Organization (WHO)
1
Iosue, S.
1
IPPF (International Planned Parenthood Federation)
1
IvanBastian, Martien Borgdorff, Tine Demeulenaere et al.
1
J Family Med Prim Care
1
J. Bushee
1
J. Kahn, A.Mastroianni, and L.S. Parker
1
J.Hows
1
J.S. Richards, et al.
1
Jack, H.
1
Jannsen
1
Japhary, M.
1
Jemoon, P.
1
Jennings, B.
1
Jibril , A.
1
Jiménez-Herrera M.F., Llauradó-Serra M., Acebedo-Urdiales S. et al.
1
Jo Durham, Vanphanom Sychareun, Phonevilay Santisouk & Kongmany Chaleunvong
1
John Snow, Inc.
1
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
1
Jorge Emmanuel and Ruth Stringer
1
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (JAIDS)
1
K. Davtyan, H. Davtyan, et al.
1
K. Kruja
1
K.Dheda, T. Gumbo, G. Maartens, et al.
1
Kirsten Thomson
1
Klinkenberg, E
1
KNCV TUBERCULOSIS FOUNDATION
1
Kola, L.
1
Kuate, L.M. et al.
1
Kwizera, R.
1
Lacy-Nicholas, J.
1
Lambert, V.
1
Larrson, I.
1
Leonard Cheshire Disability and Inclusive Development Centre
1
Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS)
1
Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS), Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, National AIDS Control Program, Liberia and ICF International
1
Loulou Kobeissi
1
Luzi, S
1
M. Banda-Chalwe
1
M. Dara, M. Grzemska, M. E. Kimerling, et al.
1
M. Hart
1
M. J. Sagrado
1
M. L. Belfer
1
M. Mansfeld
1
M. Miller, K. Likjedahl, et al.
1
M. Penazzato
1
M. Sonego
1
M. Vicari
1
M.M. Bailey, D. Bickford et al.
1
Mairie de Paris
1
Manas R. , Behera R., Satpathy S.K.
1
Marten, R.
1
Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International MCAI
1
Mazigo, H.
1
MCHIP
1
MDPI
1
Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ)
1
Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ) | Ministry of Health and Child Care
1
Meierhofer, R
1
Meya, D.B.
1
Médecins sans Frontières
1
Mgode, G.
1
Mhamphi, G.
1
Ministeria de Saude, Brasil
1
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social
1
Ministère du Plan et Suivi de la Mise en œuvre de la Révolution de la Modernité (MPSMRM), Ministère de la Santé Publique (MSP) and ICF International
1
Ministry of Health
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare India
1
Ministry of Health & Sanitation, Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health & Social Welfare, Liberia
1
Ministry of Health and Child Welfare, Zimbabwe
1
Ministry of Health and National AIDS Control Council, Republic of Kenya
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW)
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Government of India
1
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Tanzania
1
Ministry of Health Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health Rwanda, Biomedical Center Institute of HIV
1
Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Health, Ghana
1
Ministry of Health, Liberia
1
Ministry of Health, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, et al.
1
Ministry of Health, Uganda
1
Ministry of Heatlh and Social Welfare, Tanzania
1
Mock, C et al
1
Moodie,R.
1
Mosler, G.
1
Musaazi, J.
1
N. Gebreselassie , C. Lienhardt, L. Anderson et al.
1
N. Amanzholov
1
N. Fujita et al.
1
N. Redverse
1
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Nigeria
1
National AIDS Commission MAlawi
1
National AIDS Commission of Liberia
1
National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National AIDS Secretariat
1
National AIDS Secretariat Sierra Leone, et al.
1
National Centre for Disease Control
1
National HIV
1
National HIV and AIDS Secretariat
1
National Institue of communicable Diseases, India
1
National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR)
1
National Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme
1
Nature Communications
1
NDP 2030
1
Nganou-Gnindjio, C.N.
1
Niederberger, E.
1
NIH
1
NIOSH
1
Nora Groce and Julia McGeown
1
Nozaki, I.
1
Nuffield Council on Bioethics
1
NVBDCP
1
O. Aderomilehin
1
O. Ajose
1
O. O. Ozoya
1
Obare F., Abuya T., Mukisa S., Odwe G., Kanyuuru L., Cassar C., Mohamed H.
1
Ophthalmic Services Unit and the Division of Non Communicable Disease (DNCD), Ministry of Health Kenya
1
Oppah Kuguyo, A. Matimba, Nomsa Tsika, et al.
1
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
1
Organisation mondiale de la Santé
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
1
OSHA
1
Ovid
1
Oxfam
1
Oyenuga, V.
1
P. Case
1
PAHO
1
Pan American Health Organisation PAHO
1
Panteli, E.
1
Partners In Health
1
Patrick R. Kenya, Prince-Albert Roberts, Joseph Kobba, et al.
1
PEPFAR (U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief), AIDSTAR-One
1
Peter W Luckow, Avi Kenny, Emily White, et al.
1
Piernas C.
1
PITCH (Partnership to Inspire, Transform and Connect the HIV response)
1
Pittalis, C.
1
PLoS Global Public Health
1
PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases
1
PLOS ONE, which is part of the Public Library of Science (PLOS)
1
Population Council and Save the Children
1
Portaels, F-
1
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
1
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
1
President's Malaria Initiative
1
President's Malaria Initiative et al.
1
Prevent Project
1
Pruess, A.
1
PSA Tansforming The Supply Chain
1
PubMed
1
PubMed.gov
1
R. Colebunders, A. Hendy, J.L. Mokili, et al.
1
R. Doshi
1
R. Gustav
1
R. Martín-Cañavate
1
R.Beaglehole, and T. Kjellström
1
R.G. Wagner, I. Petersen, et al.
1
Republic of Rwanda
1
Republic of Rwanda, Ministry of Health
1
Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International
1
Rhee, J.Y.
1
S. A. Roberts et al.
1
S. Ferron and M. O'Reilly
1
S. Gies
1
S. L. Asangbeh, et.al.
1
S. M. Nsagha
1
S. Meshnick, M. Janko, S. Doctor, et al.
1
S. Song
1
SADC
1
Sai Sam Hkam
1
Sallam, M.
1
Samson, A.
1
Save the Children
1
Schmid B, Thomas E, Olivier J and Cochrane JR.
1
Schouten, E. et al.
1
Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters (SRHM)
1
Séverin, T.
1
South Africa Med. J.
1
South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA)
1
South African Government
1
South African Journal of Psychiatry
1
South African National AIDS Council
1
South African National AIDS council (our Action count)
1
Steve Aldrich, et al.
1
Stewart C.
1
Stop TB
1
STRIVE
1
Stroke Alliance for Europe, King's College London
1
Suliman, S., Kaminer, D., Seedat, S. & Steinm D.J.
1
Suter, F
1
Swain, K.D., Pillay, B.J. & Kliewer, W.
1
T. Colton
1
T. Mtonga
1
Tasker, A.
1
TB/CTA
1
Temgoua, M.N.
1
The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP
1
The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited
1
The Georg Institute for Global Health India
1
The International Federation of Medical Students’ Associations (IFMSA)
1
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
1
The Lancet
1
The Lancet Global Health
1
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine Commission
1
The MEDBOX Team
1
The Open AIDS Journal
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports
1
Tobler, M
1
Toronto Public Health
1
Towards a Safer World
1
Training for Health Equity Network (THEnet)
1
Translation without Borders
1
UCL Institute for Global Health and Development Education Research Centre, Institute of Education
1
Uganda AIDS Commission
1
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
1
UNESCO
1
UNESCO Publishing (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
1
UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund)
1
UNITAID
1
Unitaid (Innovation in Global Health)
1
United Nations Division for Social Policy Development (DSPD) & United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA)
1
United States Agency for International Development
1
University of Oslo
1
UNOPS
1
UNSDG
1
USAI
1
USAID, et al.
1
USAID, JSI Research & Training Institute, fhi360
1
V. Allread
1
VA.Saint, and P. Tinnemann
1
Vaccine Makers Project
1
Verwey and Gopalan
1
Vikram Patel, Dan Chisholm, Tarun Dua et al.
1
Vivis
1
W.K. Townend
1
Wenzel, S. E.
1
WHO et al.
1
WHO, THE END TB STRATEGY
1
Willott C et al.
1
World Bank
1
World Food Programme
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization (Regional Office for South-East-Asia)
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research
1
World Health Organization WHO and World Intellectual Property Organization
1
World Health Organization WHO, UNICEF
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization, South-East Asia
1
World Health Organsiation WHO
1
Wright G.D.
1
WTO, WHO, WIPO
1
Y. Sugiura
1
Z. T. Gavry
1
Zafar, S.
1
Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority (ZAMRA)
1
Zedbooks
1
Саратовский научно-медицинский журнал
1
Щаницын И. Н., Раздорская В. В., Колоколов О. et al.
1
Publication Years
Category
Countries
129
Clinical Guidelines
30
Public Health
21
Women & Child Health
15
Key Resources
14
Pharmacy & Technologies
13
Capacity Building
2
Toolboxes
HIV
57
TB
29
COVID-19
28
Mental Health
21
Ebola & Marburg
16
Planetary Health
11
Rapid Response
10
Caregiver
10
NCDs
10
Pharmacy
9
Disability
8
AMR
8
Global Health Education
7
NTDs
7
Conflict
6
Refugee
3
Specific Hazards
3
Zika
2
Social Ethics
2
2.0 Rapid Response
2
Polio
1
Natural Hazards
1
Health Financing Toolbox
1
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

Updated recommendations on treatment of adolescents and children with chronic HCV infection
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
The new treatment recommendations that extend the 2018 treat all recommendation for adults with chronic HCV infection to include adolescents and children down to 3 years, and to align the existing r ... more
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

The regional professional regulatory framework for nursing and midwifery

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa (2016) C_WHO
Creating a common approach ro regulation, educational preparation and practice: future direction for nursing & midwifery development in the African Region
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020 WHO

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) C_WHO
The Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013-2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO) outlines a comprehensive strategy to address the global rise in non ... more
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

Manual for male circumcision under local anaesthesia and HIV prevention services for adolescent boys and men
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO
This Manual takes into account those lessons to improve and maintain high quality services. It is aligned with updated recommendations on infection prevention and control -- a foundation for all ... more
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

Promoting access to medical technologies and innovation, second edition, 30 August 2021

World Health Organization WHO and World Intellectual Property Organization WTO, WHO, WIPO (2021) CC
The second edition of the joint WHO, WIPO and WTO publication “Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation: Intersections between public ... more
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

Diagnostic testing for Ebola and Marburg virus diseases: interim guidance, 20 December 2024

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO
- The goal of diagnostic testing for Ebola and Marburg virus diseases is to identify cases to provide timely and appropriate care and to stop disea ... more
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

The contribution of religious entities to health in sub-Sahara Africa

Schmid B, Thomas E, Olivier J and Cochrane JR. African Religious Health Assets Programme (ARHAP) (2008) CC
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

Blueprint for the provision of comprehensive care for trans persons and their communities in the Caribbean and other anglophone countries

World Health Organization WHO John Snow, Inc.; PAHO; World Health Organization; et al. (2019) C2
Accessed: 06.11.2019
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

Principles to guide halth system recovery and transformation in Ukraine

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2022) C2
Consultancy Report May 2022
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

Malawi Guidelines for Clinical Management of HIV in Children and Adults

Ministry of Health, Malawi (2016) C1
This document is written for medical doctors, clinical officers, medical assistants, nurses, midwives, health surveillance assistants (HSAs), and medical records clerks who are working in public ... more
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

An investigation of barriers to the use of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist in theatres

Verwey and Gopalan South Africa Med. J. (2018) CC
This editorial will consider the often heralded and sometimes belittled Surgical Safety Checklist (SSCL) for its general benefits, potential utility, and range of evidence attesting to its valu ... more
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis Module 5: Management of tuberculosis in children and adolescents
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO
The practical guidance in the operational handbook aims to inform the development or revision of national policies and related implementation guidance on the management of TB in children and adolesc ... more
 External Link
 Add to my

Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List of Common Medical Conditions

Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health (2012) C2
The product of all this work is the Standard Treatment Guideline and Essential Medicines List of Common Medical Conditions in the Kingdom of Swaziland. These systematically developed statements are designed to assist practitioners in making decision ... more
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

HIV Epidemic Appraisals in Nigeria: Evidence for Prevention Programme Planning and Implementation: Data from the first eight States

Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria; National Agency for the Control of Aids (NACA) (2013) C1
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

Guidelines for Screening and Management of Diabetic Retinopathy

Ophthalmic Services Unit and the Division of Non Communicable Disease (DNCD), Ministry of Health Kenya (2017) C2
 Download
  View PDF
 Add to my

Multi-Sector Nutrition Education and Communication Strategy (NECS) II 2021-2025

Government of Malawi; Department of Nutrition; HIV and AIDS Ministry of Health (2021) CC2
The Department of Nutrition, HIV and AIDS (DNHA) in Ministry of Health and Population is grateful to all stakeholders who contributed to the develo ... more