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Operational considerations for managing COVID-19 cases/outbreak on board ships

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C1

This document has been prepared based on the evidence currently available about Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission (human-to-human transmission via respiratory droplets or direct contact from an infected individual). It is recommended to use it in conjunction with the published World... more

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Global action plan on HIV drug resistance 2017–2021

World Health Organization (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

The goal of this Global Action Plan is to articulate synergistic actions that will be required to prevent HIVDR from undermining efforts to achieve global targets on health and HIV, and to provide the most effective treatment to all people living with HIV including adults, key populations, pregnant ... more

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Cholera Outbreak in Haiti. Situation Report, n. 8 (13 March 2024)

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2024) C_WHO

The report provides an update on the cholera outbreak in Haiti as of January and February 2024. A total of 79,411 suspected cases have been reported, with 4,608 confirmed cases and 1,172 deaths across all 10 departments. The most affected regions include Ouest, Centre, Artibonite, and Nord, with chi... more

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Antimicrobial resistance and primary health care

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

Despite the considerable improvement in global health, millions of people still lack access to quality health services, including access to effective antimicrobial medicines, or are impoverished as a result of health spending. At the same time, antimicrobial resistance – a consequence of overuse a... more

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الكوليرا

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

The World Health Organization's cholera fact sheet provides essential information about cholera, an acute diarrheal infection caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae bacteria. The disease remains a global public health threat, particularly in areas lacking safe water and ... more

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National Guidelines for the Management of Viral Hepatitis

Spearman, CWN; MW Sonderup, Y Pillay et al. National Department of Health South Africa (2020) CC

Viral hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver cells due to viral infection. The burden of liver disease in South Africa is mostly underestimated as viral hepatitis, in particular chronic infection, is a silent and neglected cause of morbidity and mortality. However, the burden of disease i... more

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African Union AMR Landmark Report: Voicing African Priorities on the Active Pandemic

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a leading cause of death in the African region, surpassing fatalities from malaria, HIV, and TB. In response to this critical threat, the region has adopted the AMR Global Action Plan and the African Union Framework for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2...020 – 2025, which is tailored to meet the specific needs of African nations through a coordinated approach. While most countries in the region have developed and prioritized National Action Plans (NAPs) to tackle AMR, the overall response remains inadequate given the magnitude of the threat, which endangers human, animal, environmental, aquatic, and plant health. Africa bears a significant burden of infectious diseases, accounting for approximately 95% of malaria deaths, 70% of people living with HIV, and 25% of TB deaths globally. In 2019, AMR was linked to approximately 55,000 deaths from HIV, 30,000 from malaria, and 255,000 overall. Major drivers of AMR in the region include the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials in human and food systems, migration, suboptimal vaccination rates, and environmental contamination from hospital and pharmaceutical effluents. Additionally, there is a lack of access to quality-assured antimicrobials and diagnostics, compounded by inadequate knowledge about AMR. Unlike high-income countries, where indiscriminate antimicrobial use is the primary factor driving AMR, African countries face additional challenges, including a lack of access to clean and safe water, poor Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) programs, inadequate infection prevention measures, and suboptimal vaccinations for preventable diseases. One in three hospitals in the region lacks clean, safe running water, and one in eight people defecate openly due to inadequate sanitation. Investments in WASH, infection prevention, and biosecurity could save approximately 700,000 lives annually. Addressing AMR in Africa requires a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach involving the entire society. Sustainable access to antimicrobials, including antibiotics, vaccines, and therapeutics, is crucial, as lack of access leads to more morbidity and mortality than AMR itself. Support for the region should focus on preventing infections, strengthening health and food systems, developing human resources, ensuring sustainable access to diagnostics and therapeutics, and investing in laboratory infrastructure to support surveillance and data generation. more

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Philippines Situation Report 4 - Dengue Outbreak (13 Aug 2019)

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

167,607 dengue cases, including 720 deaths, reported from 1 January to 27 July 2019: 97% higher than in 2018, in spite of a delayed rainy season. Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 0.43% as of 27 July 2019 is lower than in the same time period in 2018 (0.54%), but still significantly higher than the reg... more

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Cholera Outbreak Guidelines Preparedness, Prevention and Control
recommended

Elizabeth Lamond, and Jesee Kinyanjui Oxfam (2012) C1

The Cholera Outbreak Guidelines: Preparedness, Prevention, and Control provide a practical field guide for responding to cholera outbreaks. Developed by Oxfam GB, the guidelines combine lessons from past cholera interventions and best practices for effective outbreak management. The document outline... more

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COVID-19 Law Lab

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIVAIDS (UNAIDS) ; et al. (2020) CC

The COVID-19 Law Lab initiative gathers and shares legal documents from over 190 countries across the world to help states establish and implement strong legal frameworks to manage the pandemic. The goal is to ensure that laws protect the health and wellbeing of individuals and communities and that ... more

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Panorama of Diabetes in the Americas by Pan American Health Organization

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2022) C_WHO

The burden of diabetes is enormous, positioning it as one of the main challenges facing public health today. Currently, it is estimated that 62 million people are living with diabetes in the Region of the Americas and projections show its prevalence will continue rising over the following years. The... more

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Cholera. Key facts

World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

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Choléra- Principaux faits

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) (2022) C_WHO

La fiche d'information sur le choléra de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé fournit des informations essentielles sur le choléra, une infection diarrhéique aiguë causée par l'ingestion d'aliments ou d'eau contaminés par la bactérie Vibrio cholerae. La maladie reste une menace mondiale pour ... more

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Guidance to facilitate monitoring and evaluation for antimicrobial resistance national action plans

Quadripartite: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO; UN Environment Programme UNEP; World Health Organization WHO; World Organisation for Animal Health WAHO (2023) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global human, animal, plant and environment health threat that needs to be addressed by every country. The impacts of AMR are wide-ranging in terms of human health, animal health, food security and safety, environmental effects on ecosystems and biodiversity, and ...socioeconomic development. Just like the climate crisis, AMR poses a significant threat to the delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The response to the AMR crisis has been spearheaded through the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (GAP-AMR), developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, in close collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), and formally endorsed by the three organizations’ governing bodies and by the Political Declaration of the high-level meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on AMR in 2016. In 2022, the three organizations officially became the Quadripartite by welcoming the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) into the alliance “to accelerate coordination strategy on human, animal and ecosystem health”. The aim of the GAP-AMR is to ensure the continuity of successful treatment with effective and safe medicines. Its strategic objectives include: • improving the awareness and understanding of AMR; • strengthening the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research; • reducing the incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures; optimizing the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health; and • developing the economic case for sustainable investment that takes account of the needs of all countries and increasing investment in new medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other interventions. With the adoption of the GAP-AMR, countries agreed to develop national action plans (NAPs) aligned with the GAP-AMR to mainstream AMR interventions nationally. Individually, the Quadripartite took action to advance AMR interventions in their respective sectors. FAO adopted a resolution on AMR recognizing that it poses an increasingly serious threat to public health and sustainable food production, and developed an AMR action plan to support the resolution’s implementation. For its part, WOAH developed a strategy on AMR aligned with the GAP-AMR, acknowledging the importance of a One Health approach to AMR. Similarly, more recently, UNEP’s governing body, the United Nations Environment Assembly, recognized that AMR is a current and increasing threat and a challenge to global health, food security and the sustainable development of all countries, and welcomed the GAP-AMR and the NAPs developed in accordance with its five overarching strategic objectives more

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Averting risks to the food chain

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS FAO (2019) C2

As the number of transboundary pest and animal and foodborne disease outbreaks rises, so does the number of people who are chronically hungry due to these and other factors. The correlation can be explained by the link between our health and that of the planet. We rely on land and sea for the produc... more

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Assessing national capacity for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: report of the 2021 global survey

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

To assess national-level responses to NCDs, WHO has implemented NCD country capacity surveys periodically since 2001. This report is the latest in that series. Since the first survey round, the NCD Country Capacity Survey (NCD CCS) has been conducted a further seven times, most recently in 2021. In ... more

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Behavioral Surveillance Survey Among Youth Aged 15 - 24 Years Rwanda - 2009

Ministry of Health, Rwanda & Rwanda Biomedical Centre (2010) C2

This report documents the findings from the Behavioral Surveillance Survey conducted among youuth aged 15-24 in Rwanda in 2009. The 2009 Youth BSS documented HIV knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) among youth in Rwanda. The data provided a cross-sectional look at the current HIV KAB among yo... more

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Africa CDC Event-based Surveillance Resources - Arabic Version

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

ي الغرض من إطار عمل إجراءات المراقبة القائمة عىل األحداث هو أن به ن تستعي السلطات والوكاالت المسؤولة عن المراقبة ُ واالستجابة. كما تيب إرشال تعىل سبيل المثال؛ هذ...ه الوثيقة ألصحاب المصلحة ي ُ ُعد بمثابة ك ا عاما ي إطار استخدام ي الذين يرغبون ف ن نهج "صحة واحدة" متعدد القطاعات لتنفيذ المراقبة القائمة عىل األحداث . و للقيام بذلك، تشتمل الوثيقة عىل فصول وملحق ن مرتبطة ويمكن للمستخدمي تغييها وتحديثها بناء عىل احتياجاتهم الخاصة. ُعد هذه الت ي وت نسخة منقحة من النسخة األصلية "إطار عمل المراقبة القائمة عىل األحداث" عام ي ن صدرت ف 2018 .و ال ينسخ إطار العمل هذا أو يحل محل أي مواد أخرى متاحة حاليا في ما يتعلق بمج ال المراقبة القائمة عىل األحداث أن ن ؛ وبدال من ذلك، ينبعي يستند إطار العمل إل الوثائق الموجودة سابقا ذات الصلة أو مرتبطة وأن يكون تيب ُ ك ا إرشاديا عملي ا لتنفيذ المراقبة القائمة عىل األحداث أفريقيا. ي ن ف ويتوافق إطار العمل ك لمنظمة الصحة العالمية المشي ي هذا مع الطبعة الثالثة من التقييم الخارج فيما يتعلق ر بالمؤشات التالية: تعزيز ي عىل كشف األحداث ذات األهمية للصحة العامة واألمن الصح أنظمة المراقبة و اإلنذار المبكر القادر ة ر المؤش ) حسنة والتعاون عي القطاعات وبين 1.D2)؛ مستويات استجابة الصحة العمومية الوطنية والمتوسطة ُ وقنوات االتصال الم العامة واألمن الصح والمحلية فيما يتعلق بمراقبة األحداث ذات األهمية للصحة ي ر )المؤش ن 2.D2)؛ القدرة عىل وتحسي تحليل ن البيانات عىل المستوى المتوسط والوطت ي ر )المؤش رش 3.D2 .)باإلضافة إل وع الدول تنفيذ و ي ن ف عرض مهام ووظائف المراقبة القائمة عىل األحداث إذ ، اللوائح الصحية ي درجات التقييم المشي ك وإحراز تقدم نحو تلبية المتطلبات المبينة ف ن ي ستضمن زيادة ف ن الدولية . تحسين أيضا، تنفيذ المراقبة المتكاملة لألمراض واالستجابة لها، وذلك بالنسبة ي ن تعد هذه الوثيقة مكملة ويمكن أن تساعد ف ل لدول ا ي االتحاد األفريق ي ن اعتمدت االسي األعضاء ف اتيجية المتكاملة لمراقبة األمراض واالستجابة لها، لت عىل وجه الخصوص ي بالنسبة للطبعة الثالثة ) 2019 تتضمن أجزاء حول ( الت المراقبة القائمة عىل األحداث ي . more

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Nigeria: Preparedness and Response to Acute Watery Diarrhoea Outbreaks

Federal Ministry of Health - Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (2017) C2

A GUIDE FOR HEALTH WORKERS AND AUTHORITIES IN NIGERIA

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Guidance document for a differentiated response to COVID-19 outbreak in urban and rural settings
recommended

World Health Organization WHO; Regional Office for Africa (2020) C_WHO

Cholera Outbreak Guidelines Preparedness, Prevention and Control recommended

Guidance document for a differentiated response to COVID-19 outbreak in urban and rural settings recommended

Cholera Outbreak Guidelines Preparedness, Prevention and Control
recommended

Guidance document for a differentiated response to COVID-19 outbreak in urban and rural settings
recommended