La reducción de la mortalidad en menores de cinco años en la Región de las Américas es fundamental para disminuir las grandes brechas entre países, áreas y grupos humanos, y lograr la equidad en el acceso a estrategias disponibles para la prevención y el tratamiento de las enfermedades, así ...como la promoción del crecimiento y el desarrollo saludable de la niñez. El Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio número 4 está relacionado con reducir la mortalidad en menores de cinco años en dos terceras partes entre 1990 y 2015.
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La página de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) sobre las enfermedades diarreicas destaca que son la tercera causa de muerte en niños de 1 a 59 meses, causando aproximadamente 443 832 muertes anuales en menores de 5 años. Estas enfermedades, aunque prevenibles y tratables, representan un...a de las principales causas de malnutrición infantil. La diarrea, definida como la evacuación de heces sueltas o líquidas tres o más veces al día, suele ser síntoma de infecciones intestinales transmitidas por alimentos o agua contaminados, o por una higiene deficiente. La prevención incluye el acceso a agua potable, saneamiento adecuado, lavado de manos con jabón, lactancia materna exclusiva durante los primeros seis meses y vacunación contra el rotavirus. El tratamiento se basa en la rehidratación oral con soluciones de sales de rehidratación oral (SRO) y suplementos de zinc. La OMS trabaja con los Estados Miembros para promover políticas que apoyen el manejo de estas enfermedades y mejoren el acceso a agua potable y saneamiento.
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La página enlazada del Manual MSD para el hogar aborda el tema de la diarrea en niños. Proporciona información detallada sobre las causas, síntomas, procedimientos de diagnóstico y opciones de tratamiento de la diarrea en la infancia. Además, destaca los signos de advertencia que podrían indi...car problemas de salud más graves. La página subraya la importancia de prevenir y tratar la deshidratación, que puede ocurrir rápidamente en niños con diarrea. Los padres y cuidadores encontrarán valiosos consejos para el cuidado y manejo de los niños que padecen diarrea.
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Malawi’s first National Community Health Strategy (NCHS, 2017-2022) defines a new community health system in which community health cadres, both formal and non-formal, deliver services of the Essential Health Package, with a focus on child and maternal health. It envisages an integrated approach t...o service delivery and is embedded in Malawi’s Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSPII).
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PROGRAMA DE PARTICIPACIÓN ESTUDIANTIL
Un adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo durante los primeros años de vida no solo sienta las bases para que un individuo sea saludable, sino también para que una sociedad sea más equitativa y próspera
Towards Sustainable Community Health and Social Welfare Services
Leaving No One Behind. This Operational Guideline for Community-Based Health Services (CBHS)
in line with the CBHS Policy Guideline map an integrated and coordinated
national approach to community-based health services in Tanzania. ...The
approach builds on and furthers national priorities for decentralization,
community empowerment and strengthened systems for expansion of
access to essential health services at the village level and below.
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The document addresses the pressing issues of global malnutrition and the urgent need to build workforce capacity in public health nutrition, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It highlights the dual burden of malnutrition, characterized by the coexistence of undernutrition and overnu...trition. While maternal and child undernutrition remain critical concerns, there is a growing prevalence of chronic diseases linked to overnutrition, even in resource-limited settings.
A significant gap exists in the availability of trained nutrition professionals. Many countries lack sufficient numbers of nutritionists, particularly at the undergraduate level, and existing training programs often focus on curative rather than preventive approaches. This leaves health workers inadequately prepared to address complex public health nutrition challenges.
To address these issues, the document recommends increasing the number of trained nutritionists, incorporating updated nutrition training into medical and nursing curricula, and developing competency frameworks and hybrid training programs. Accreditation systems for nutrition professionals are also proposed to ensure standardized and effective training.
Sustainability remains a challenge, with the need for long-term financing and better integration of nutrition programs into health systems. The document calls for systemic approaches to strengthen workforce capacity, enabling countries to effectively tackle the underlying causes of malnutrition.
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National Deworming Day – ASHA information Handout
Маленькие дети и дошкольники понимают когда происходят плохие события и они помнят, что они пережили. После страшного события часто проявляются изменения в их пов...дении. Возможно, они плачут чаще, чем прежде, цепляются за Вас и не хотят, чтобы Вы оставляли их самих, переживают порывы гнева, бьются, плохо спят, боятся вещей, которых раньше не боялись и делают шаг назад в своём развитии (например, начинают опять писяться).
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Spirometry is required as part of the comprehensive evaluation of both adult and paediatric individuals with suspected or confirmed respiratory diseases and occupational assessments. It is used in the categorisation of impairment, grading of severity, assessment of potential progression and response... to interventions. Guidelines for spirometry in South Africa are required to improve the quality, standardisation and usefulness in local respiratory practice. The broad principles of spirometry have remained largely unchanged from previous versions of the South African Spirometry Guidelines; however, minor adjustments have been incorporated from more comprehensive international guidelines, including adoption of the Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 (GLI 2012) spirometry reference equations for the South African population.
All equipment should have proof of validation regarding resolution and consistency of the system. Daily calibration must be performed, and equipment quality control processes adhered to. It is important to have standard operating procedures to ensure consistency and quality and, additionally, strict infection control as highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Adequate spirometry relies on a competent, trained operator, accurate equipment, standardised operating procedures, quality control and patient co-operation. All manoeuvres must be performed strictly according to guidelines, and strict quality assurance methods should be in place, including acceptability criteria (for any given effort) and repeatability (between efforts).
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The coronavirus outbreak that began in 2019 (COVID-19) threatens to reverse years of hard-won gains in preventing and treating HIV. Fragile health systems are further stressed as health workers navigate an increased client load and demands at work while also being concerned for their own health and ...that of their families. Health facilities have been redesigned to care for patients with COVID-19, posing challenges to other services. Governments and civil society organizations have redirected scarce resources and shifted programming priorities to respond to the pandemic. Several countries have reported intermittent declines in HIV testing and diagnosis, antenatal care visits, collection of antiretroviral medicines (ARVs) by people living with HIV, and attendance at clinic appointments. Community-based education and support programmes have had to rapidly adapt to restrictions on movement and public gatherings. Children, adolescents, and women have experienced multiple deprivations due to the adverse impact of the pandemic.
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The document provides detailed guidelines for the production, formulation, and implementation of oral rehydration salts (ORS) to combat dehydration caused by diarrhoea, particularly in children. It focuses on the composition, quality standards, and packaging requirements of ORS, aiming to support na...tional authorities and healthcare providers in ensuring effective and accessible treatment. It also highlights strategies for manufacturing ORS locally while adhering to international health and safety standards.
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Considerando los desafíos de la implementación de la Política Pública para el Desarrollo Integral de la Primera Infancia 2010-2020 (PPDIPI), el Gobierno de Guatemala tomó la decisión de realizar su actualización a través de un proceso que se encuentra liderado por la Mesa Temática de la Pri...mera Infancia (MTPI), que forma parte de la estructura de gobernanza del Gabinete Específico de Desarrollo Social (GEDS), y siguiendo los lineamientos establecidos en la Guía para Formulación de Políticas Públicas de la Secretaría de Planificación y Programación de la Presidencia (SEGEPLAN). Este proceso tiene como fin definir las acciones estratégicas que permitan potenciar el impacto de los programas nacionales integrados e incidir para mejorar la implementación de intervenciones que permitan alcanzar la amplia realización de los derechos y el potencial de todas las niñas y los niños del país.
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Nutrición de menores de 2 de edad
The Government of Malawi’s Health Sector Strategic Plan II highlights the importance of service integration; however, in practice, this has not been fully realized. We conducted a mixed methods evaluation of efforts to systematically implement integrated family planning and immunization services i...n all health facilities and associated community sites in Ntchisi and Dowa districts during June 2016–September 2017. Methods included secondary analysis of service statistics (pre- and postintervention), focus group discussions with mothers and fathers of children under age one, and in-depth interviews with service providers, supervisors, and managers. Results indicate statistically significant increases in family planning users and shifts in use of family planning services from health facilities to community sites. The intervention had no effect on immunization doses administered or dropout rates. According to mothers and fathers, benefits of service integration included time savings, convenience, and improved understanding of services. Provision and use of integrated services were affected by availability of human resources and commodities, community linkages, data collection procedures and availability, sociocultural barriers, organization of services, and supervision and commitment of health surveillance assistants. The integration approach was perceived to be feasible and beneficial by clients and providers.
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The document titled "Classification and Referral Algorithm – iCCM South Sudan", published by Malaria Consortium in 2012, provides a practical tool for community health workers to assess, classify, and manage common childhood illnesses in South Sudan. It outlines step-by-step procedures for identif...ying danger signs and symptoms related to malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea, and severe acute malnutrition. Based on clinical findings, the algorithm guides health workers in making decisions about immediate treatment, referral to higher-level health facilities, and caregiver counseling. The aim is to support timely and appropriate care at the community level through the Integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) strategy.
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The "Pocket Manual for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria", published by the Ministry of Health of the Sultanate of Oman, provides practical guidance for healthcare professionals on how to identify, manage, and treat malaria cases. It emphasizes parasitological confirmation before treatment, out...lines standard protocols for treating uncomplicated and severe malaria—including P. falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infections—and specifies drug regimens based on patient weight and age. The manual also includes recommendations for travelers on malaria chemoprophylaxis and highlights the importance of prevention, especially for high-risk groups like children and pregnant women.
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