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Pandemic triad: HIV, COVID-19 and debt in developing countries

UNAIDS (2022) CC

This report analyses the intersection of HIV, COVID-19 and public debt in developing countries. The collision between COVID-19 and a crippling debt crisis have reversed decades of progress - putting present and future investments in health and HIV at risk. Pragmatic options to address the pandemic t... more

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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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Cholera: Clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

LaRocque, R.; S.B. Calderwood and A.Bloom UpToDate (2020) C1

The document provides a detailed overview of cholera, including its clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It explains the causes of cholera, its symptoms such as severe diarrhea and dehydration, and the importance of rehydration therapy (oral or intravenous) to reduce mortality. T... more

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Ebola: Getting to zero - for communities, for children for the future

(2015)

As slight hints of recovery begin to surface in West Africa, UNICEF is looking at the impact of Ebola on children and the response and work of the affected communities in the report, Ebola: Getting to zero – for communities, for children for the future. The document traces some of the outbreak’s... more

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Caractéristiques épidémiologiques et cliniques des patients COVID-19 admis en réanimation à l'hôpital Donka de Conakry, Guinée : étude descriptive des 140 premiers cas hospitalisés

Societé francaise d'anesthésie et de réanimation SFAR (2021) C2

Le syndrome respiratoire aigu provoqué par le coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), initialement décrit en Chine, est responsable de la pandémie que nous connaissons actuellement sous le nom de coronavirus disease 2019 ou COVID-19. L'épidémie de coronavirus a été déclarée « urgence de santé publi... more

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Principled Aid in SyriaA Framework for International Agencies

Haid Haid (2019) C1

Research Paper. As the fighting in Syria winds down, international humanitarian organisations (IHOs) operating from Damascus are hopeful that the Syrian government’s interference in their work will decrease. However, the government is attempting to formalise its influence over humanitarian operat... more

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The Need for Full Integration of Snakebite Envenoming within a Global Strategy to Combat the Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Way Forward

Gutiérrez, J.; Warrell, D.; Williams, D. et al. PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases (2013) CC

Snakebite envenoming constitutes a serious medical condition that primarily affects residents of rural communities in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and New Guinea. It is an occupational, environmental, and domestic health hazard that exacerbates the already impoverished state of these communities. Co... more

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HIV and cervical cancer infographic

UNAIDS (2022) C_WHO

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, and two types of HPV (16 and 18) cause nearly 50% of high-grade cervical pre-cancers. HIV and cervical cancer are inextricably linked. Women living with HIV are six times more likely to develop cervical cancer, which is o... more

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The Core Elements of Human Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Resource-Limited Settings: National and Hospital Levels
recommended

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2018) C_CDC

Formularies are lists of antibiotics that are suggested for certain healthcare settings. In developing a recommended formulary, countries should consider the needs of patients and facilities where they receive care. For example, clinicians in rural or primary health centers may need wide access to f... more

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Considerations relating to social distancing measures in response to the COVID-19 epidemic- second update

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2020) C1

Social distancing is an action taken to minimise contact with other individuals; social distancing measures comprise one category of non-pharmaceutical countermeasures (NPCs)1 aimed at reducing disease transmission and thereby also reducing pressure on health services. This document builds upon exi... more

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The Ignored Pandemic: The Dual Crisis of Gender-Based Violence and COVID-19

Oxfam (2021) CC

24 Nov. 2021 Action against gender-based violence being pushed to the outlying margins of the global COVID-19 response A new Oxfam report shows an undeniable increase in gender-based violence (GBV) during the COVID-19 pandemic around the world to which too many governments and donors are not doi... more

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Responding to Flood Disasters: Learning from previous relief and recovery operations

Cosgrave, J. (2014)

This paper presents lessons learned from previous flood responses in developing countries, based on a structured review of the literature. It is intended for people working in relief and recovery operations who have to decide if, when and how to intervene after a flood.

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COVID-19 and Human Development: Exploring global preparedness and vulnerability

reliefweb (2020) C2

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) today released two new data dashboards that highlight the huge disparities in countries’ abilities to cope with and recover from the COVID-19 crisis. The pandemic is more than a global health emergency. It is a systemic human development crisis, a... more

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Guidance on chlamydia control in Europe

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2016) C1

This document updates the 2009 ECDC guidance on chlamydia control in Europe. It was developed by a technical expert group which conducted a critical review of the scientific evidence on the epidemiology of chlamydia and the effectiveness of screening programmes. The aim of this guidance is to suppo... more

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Prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni, soil-transmitted helminths and intestinal protozoa in orphans and street children in Mwanza city, Northern Tanzania

Franz, A.; A. Fuss, H.D. Mazigo, et al. (2023) CC

Infection 2023 Oct;51(5):1399-1406. doi: 10.1007/s15010-023-01999-9. Epub 2023 Feb 20. The results indicate a significantly higher rate of infections with S. mansoni in street children compared with orphans. This might be explained by the lack of access to adequate sanitation for street children ... more

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Childhood trauma: Discussion and policy solutions

Voices for Georgia´s Children Voices for Georgia´s Children (2004) C1

Our goal at Voices for Georgia’s Children is to help decision-makers craft and implement policies that ensure Georgia’s children grow up to be healthy, educated and productive citizens. To that end, we have developed a comprehensive policy agenda focused on early childhood, child health and disc... more

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Malawi Country Operational Plan 2022 Strategic Direction Summary April 29, 2022

U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (2022) CC2

PEPFAR Malawi’s Country Operational Plan 2022 (COP22) embodies joint priorities from national and subnational dialogues building on the 2020-2025 National Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS. The interagency team has developed a person-centered, district-tailored and Malawi Population-Based HIV Impact Ass... more

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Evaluation of Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM)

Sheila Reed, Camille Eric Kouam, Krishna Belbase et al. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Evaluation Office (2013)

This evaluation is the first systematic effort by UNICEF to generate evidence on how well its global as well as country level Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) strategies have worked, including their acceptance and ownership in various contexts and appropriateness of investments in c... more

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Myanmar’s National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to Climate Change

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, National Environmental Conservation Committee (2012) C1

Sectors in which Priority Adaptation Projects should be implemented first include:
- 1) Agriculture, Early Warning Systems and Forest (First Priority Level Sectors). This is followed by:
- 2) Public Health and Water Resources (Second Priority Level Sectors);
- 3) Coastal Zone (Thir... more

The Core Elements of Human Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Resource-Limited Settings: National and Hospital Levels recommended

The Core Elements of Human Antibiotic Stewardship Programs in Resource-Limited Settings: National and Hospital Levels
recommended