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Guidance to facilitate monitoring and evaluation for antimicrobial resistance national action plans

Quadripartite: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO; UN Environment Programme UNEP; World Health Organization WHO; World Organisation for Animal Health WAHO (2023) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global human, animal, plant and environment health threat that needs to be addressed by every country. The impacts of AMR are wide-ranging in terms of human health, animal health, food security and safety, environmental effects on ecosystems and biodiversity, and ...socioeconomic development. Just like the climate crisis, AMR poses a significant threat to the delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The response to the AMR crisis has been spearheaded through the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (GAP-AMR), developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, in close collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), and formally endorsed by the three organizations’ governing bodies and by the Political Declaration of the high-level meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on AMR in 2016. In 2022, the three organizations officially became the Quadripartite by welcoming the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) into the alliance “to accelerate coordination strategy on human, animal and ecosystem health”. The aim of the GAP-AMR is to ensure the continuity of successful treatment with effective and safe medicines. Its strategic objectives include: • improving the awareness and understanding of AMR; • strengthening the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research; • reducing the incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures; optimizing the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health; and • developing the economic case for sustainable investment that takes account of the needs of all countries and increasing investment in new medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other interventions. With the adoption of the GAP-AMR, countries agreed to develop national action plans (NAPs) aligned with the GAP-AMR to mainstream AMR interventions nationally. Individually, the Quadripartite took action to advance AMR interventions in their respective sectors. FAO adopted a resolution on AMR recognizing that it poses an increasingly serious threat to public health and sustainable food production, and developed an AMR action plan to support the resolution’s implementation. For its part, WOAH developed a strategy on AMR aligned with the GAP-AMR, acknowledging the importance of a One Health approach to AMR. Similarly, more recently, UNEP’s governing body, the United Nations Environment Assembly, recognized that AMR is a current and increasing threat and a challenge to global health, food security and the sustainable development of all countries, and welcomed the GAP-AMR and the NAPs developed in accordance with its five overarching strategic objectives more

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How to support survivors of gender-based violence when a GBV actor is not available in your area

Inter-Agency Standing Committee (2023) CC

KEY MESSAGES Always talk to a GBV specialist first to understand what GBV services are available in your area. Some services may take the form of hotlines, a mobile app or other remote support. Be aware of any other available services in your area. Identify services provided by humanitarian pa...rtners such as health, psychosocial support, shelter and non-food items. Consider services provided by communities such as mosques/ churches, women’s groups and Disability Service Organizations. Remember your role. Provide a listening ear, free of judgment. Provide accurate, up-to-date information on available services. Let the survivor make their own choices. Know what you can and cannot manage. Even without a GBV actor in your area, there may be other partners, such as a child protection or mental health specialist, who can support survivors that require additional attention and support. Ask the survivor for permission before connecting them to anyone else. Do not force the survivor if s/he says no. Do not proactively identify or seek out GBV survivors. Be available in case someone asks for support. Remember your mandate. All humanitarian practitioners are mandated to provide non-judgmental and non-discriminatory support to people in need regardless of: gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital status, disability status, age, ethnicity/tribe/race/religion, who perpetrated/committed violence, and the situation in which violence was committed. Use a survivor-centered approach by practicing: Respect: all actions you take are guided by respect for the survivor’s choices, wishes, rights and dignity. Safety: the safety of the survivor is the number one priority. Confidentiality: people have the right to choose to whom they will or will not tell their story. Maintaining confidentiality means not sharing any information to anyone. Non-discrimination: providing equal and fair treatment to anyone in need of support. If health services exist, always provide information on what is available. Share what you know, and most importantly explain what you do not. Let the survivor decide if s/he wants to access them. Receiving quality medical care within 72 hours can prevent transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and within 120 hours can prevent unwanted pregnancy. Provide the opportunity for people with disabilities to communicate to you without the presence of their caregiver, if wished and does not endanger or create tension in that relationship. If a man or boy is raped it does not mean he is gay or bisexual. Gender-based violence is based on power, not someone’s sexuality. Sexual and gender minorities are often at increased risk of harm and violence due to their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. Actively listen and seek to support all survivors. Anyone can commit an act of gender-based violence including a spouse, intimate partner, family member, caregiver, in-law, stranger, parent or someone who is exchanging money or goods for a sexual act. Anyone can be a survivor of gender-based violence – this includes, but isn’t limited to, people who are married, elderly individuals or people who engage in sex work. Protect the identity and safety of a survivor. Do not write down, take pictures or verbally share any personal/identifying information about a survivor or their experience, including with your supervisor. Put phones and computers away to avoid concern that a survivor’s voice is being recorded. Personal/identifying information includes the survivor’s name, perpetrator(s) name, date of birth, registration number, home address, work address, location where their children go to school, the exact time and place the incident took place etc. Share general, non-identifying information To your team or sector partners in an effort to make your program safer. To your support network when seeking self-care and encouragement. more

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WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards AIDS

World Health Organization (2000)

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End Inequalities. End AIDS. Global AIDS Strategy 2021-2026
recommended

UNAIDS (2021) C_WHO

The new Global AIDS Strategy 2021--2026, End Inequalities, End AIDS, is a bold approach that uses an inequalities lens to close the gaps preventing progress to end AIDS

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Country Factsheets 2018- Serbia

UNAIDS; AIDSinfo UNAIDS; AIDSinfo (2020) C2

Accessed: 11.03.2020

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Country Factsheets 2018 - Estonia

UNAIDS; AIDSinfo UNAIDS; AIDSinfo (2020) C2

Accessed: 11.03.2020

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Country Factsheets 2018 - Hungary

UNAIDS; AIDSinfo UNAIDS; AIDSinfo (2020) C2

Accessed: 11.03.2020

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Region profiles — Global AIDS update 2019

UNAIDS (2019) C_WHO

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Malawi Population-Based Impact Assessment (MPHIA 2016). Preliminary Findings

Ministry of Health, Malawi (2016) C1

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The Namibia AIDS Response Progress Report 2015, Reporting Period: 2013 - 2014

Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS), UNAIDS (2015) C1

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Statement containing brief activities of the Department of AIDS Control in India in 2013

National AIDSControl (NACO), Government of India; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2014) C1

India AIDS Response Report 2014

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Estimating the impact of expanded access to antiretroviral therapy on maternal, paternal and double orphans in sub-Saharan Africa, 2009-2020

Aranka Anema1,2*, C. G. Au-Yeung; M. Joffres; et al. BMC Medicine; AIDS Research and Therapy (2011) CC

Anema et al. AIDS Research and Therapy 2011, 8:13 http://www.aidsrestherapy.com/content/8/1/13

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Overview of the WHO Prequalification of Male Circumcision Devices assessment

World Health Organization (WHO); Diagnostics and Laboratory Technology World Health Organization (WHO); Diagnostics and Laboratory Technology (2011) C_WHO

Prequalification of Male Circumcision Devices PQMC_007 v1 16 December 2011

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Country Factsheets 2018 - Germany

UNAIDS; AIDSinfo UNAIDS; AIDSinfo (2020) C2

Accessed: 11.03.2020

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Country Factsheets 2018 - Romania

UNAIDS; AIDSinfo UNAIDS; AIDSinfo (2020) C2

Accessed: 11.03.2020

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Azerbaijan country overview

The Global Fund To fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (2019) C2

Accessed: 28.09.2019

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Country Factsheets - Burkina Faso 2018

UNAIDS (2018) C2

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Global AIDS Monitoring 2021 — Indicators for monitoring the 2016 Political Declaration on Ending AIDS

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

This guideline document lays out the indicators for monitoring the 2016 Political Declaration on ending AIDS. The Global AIDS Monitoring (GAM) process has been often referenced as a benchmark for successful international accountability mechanisms.

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South African National Guidelines for Medical Male Circumcision

National Department of Health (Republic of South Africa) National Department of Health (Republic of South Africa) (2020) C2

Accessed: 03.03.2020

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Herramienta de la OMS para la implementación de la profilaxis previa a la exposición al VIH - Módulo 9

Organización Mundial de la Salud (Américas); Organización Panamericana de la Salud Organización Mundial de la Salud (Américas); Organización Panamericana de la Salud (2019) C_WHO

Módulo 9 Planificación estratégica Julio del 2017 Módulo 9: Planificación estratégica. La OMS recomienda ofrecer la PrEP a las personas con un riesgo significativo de contraer la infección por el VIH, por lo que este módulo ofrece orientación de salud pública para los encargados de ... more

End Inequalities. End AIDS. Global AIDS Strategy 2021-2026 recommended

End Inequalities. End AIDS. Global AIDS Strategy 2021-2026
recommended