the aid library

Financing Global Health 2013: Transition in an Age of Austerity

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (2014) CC

Financing Global Health 2013: Transition in an Age of Austerity, IHME’s fifth annual report on global health expenditure, depicts financing trends that underline the resilience of development assistance for health. This year’s updated estimates show that despite lackluster economic growth and fi ... more

Trend analysis of cardiovascular disease mortality, incidence, and mortality-to-incidence ratio: results from global burden of disease study 2017

Amini, M.; Zayeri, F.; Salehi, M. BioMed Central (2021) CC

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the global leading causes of concern due to the rising prevalence and consequence of mortality and disability with a heavy economic burden. The objective of the current study was to analyze the trend in CVD incidence, mortality, and mortality-to- ... incidence ratio (MIR) across the world over 28 years. Methods The age-standardized CVD mortality and incidence rates were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2017 for both genders and different world super regions with available data every year during the period 1990–2017. Additionally, the Human Development Index was sourced from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) database for all countries at the same time interval. The marginal modeling approach was implemented to evaluate the mean trend of CVD incidence, mortality, and MIR for 195 countries and separately for developing and developed countries and also clarify the relationship between the indices and Human Development Index (HDI) from 1990 to 2017. Results The obtained estimates identified that the global mean trend of CVD incidence had an ascending trend until 1996 followed by a descending trend after this year. Nearly all of the countries experienced a significant declining mortality trend from 1990 to 2017. Likewise, the global mean MIR rate had a significant trivial decrement trend with a gentle slope of 0.004 over the time interval. As such, the reduction in incidence and mortality rates for developed countries was significantly faster than developing counterparts in the period 1990–2017 (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, the developing nations had a more rather shallow decrease in MIR compared to developed ones. Conclusions Generally, the findings of this study revealed that there was an overall downward trend in CVD incidence and mortality rates, while the survival rate of CVD patients was rather stable. These results send a satisfactory message that global effort for controlling the CVD burden was quite successful. Nonetheless, there is an urgent need for more efforts to improve the survival rate of patients and lower the burden of this disease in some areas with an increasing trend of either incidence or mortality. more

Integrating health in urban and territorial planning: a sourcebook

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

This sourcebook aims to detail why health needs to be part of urban and territorial planning and how to make this happen. It brings together two vital elements we need to build habitable cities on a habitable planet: 1) Processes to guide the development of human settlements – in this document ref ... more

National HIV and AIDS Priority Action Plan 2015/2016 - 2017/2018

Uganda AIDS Commission; Ministry of Health, Uganda (2015) C1

Diagnostic errors. Technical Series on Safer Primary Care

World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO

Planning Guidance for Response to a Nuclear Detonation

Interagency Policy Coordination Subcommitee for Preparedness & Response to Radiological and Nuclear Threats (2010)

The purpose of this guidance is to provide emergency planners with nuclear detonationspecific response recommendations to maximize the preservation of life in the event of an urban nuclear detonation. This guidance addresses the unique effects and impacts of a nuclear detonation such as scale of ... more

Malawi national action plan on antimicrobial resistance: review of progress in the human health sector

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

This policy brief aims to provide a review of the current progress on implementing the Malawi national action plan on AMR, identifies critical gaps, and highlights findings to accelerate further progress in the human health sector. The target audience includes all those concerned with implementing a ... more

Kenya: Transforming Health: Accelerating Attainment of Universal Health Coverage

Kenya Health Sector Strategic and Investment Plan (KNSSP) (2014) C1

Tuberculosis and comorbidities in urban areas in Argentina. A gender and age perspective ,

Echazarreta, A.; Zerbini E. De Sandro j., et al. 2018 (2018) CC

180 Biomédica 2018;38:180-8

Screening for cardiovascular disease risk and subsequent management in low and middle income countries: challenges and opportunities

Bovet, P.; Chiolero, A.; Paccaud, F. et al. Public Health Reviews (2015) CC

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), mainly heart attack and stroke, is the leading cause of premature mortality in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Identifying and managing individuals at high risk of CVD is an important strategy to prevent and control CVD, in addition to multisector ... al population-based interventions to reduce CVD risk factors in the entire population. Methods: We describe key public health considerations in identifying and managing individuals at high risk of CVD in LMICs. Results: A main objective of any strategy to identify individuals at high CVD risk is to maximize the number of CVD events averted while minimizing the numbers of individuals needing treatment. Scores estimating the total risk of CVD (e.g. ten-year risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD) are available for LMICs, and are based on the main CVD risk factors (history of CVD, age, sex, tobacco use, blood pressure, blood cholesterol and diabetes status). Opportunistic screening of CVD risk factors enables identification of persons with high CVD risk, but this strategy can be widely applied in low resource settings only if cost effective interventions are used (e.g. the WHO Package of Essential NCD interventions for primary health care in low resource settings package) and if treatment (generally for years) can be sustained, including continued availability ofaffordable medications and funding mechanisms that allow people to purchase medications without impoverishing them (e.g. universal access to health care). Thisalso emphasises the need to re-orient health systems in LMICs towards chronic diseases management. Conclusion: The large burden of CVD in LMICs and the fact that persons with high CVD can be identified and managed along cost-effective interventions mean that health systems need to be structured in a way that encourages patient registration, opportunistic screening of CVD risk factors, efficient procedures for the management of chronic conditions (e.g. task sharing) and provision of affordable treatment for those with high CVD risk. The focus needs to be in primary care because that is where most of the population can access health care and because CVD programmes can be run effectively at this level. more

Caregiver strain and symptoms of depression among principal caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder in Sri Lanka

Chaturaka Rodrigo, Tharanga Fernando, Senaka Rajapakse, et al. (2013) CC

Int J Ment Health Syst. 2013 Jan 9;7(1):2. doi: 10.1186/1752-4458-7-2.

HIV and young people who inject drugs

A. Armstrong; J. Baer; R. Baggaley; et al. UNAIDS; World Health Organization; UNFPA; et al. (2015) C_WHO

Technical Brief

Global Atlas On Cardiovascular Disease Prevention And Control

World Health Organization, World Heart Federation, World Stroke Organization (2011) C_WHO

NATIONAL MEDICAL STANDARD FOR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH Vol I

Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Family Health Division (2010)

4th Edition

Philippines: HIV Immunization Guidelines

Rontgene M. Solante, Manolito L. Chua Philippine Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (2010) C1

Collaborative framework for addressing Autism Spectrum Disorder in the South-East Asia Region

World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East-Asia (2017) C_WHO

Based on WHO South-East Asia Regional Strategy on Autism Spectrum Disorder
The collaborative framework for implementation of the “WHO South-East Asia Regional Strategy on Autism Spectrum Disorders” articulates to Member States: the nature of autism spectrum disorder and the issues faced by ... more

Standards for Prosthetics and Orthotics. Part 1: Standards

World Health Organization (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

WHO, in partnership with the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), has published global standards for prosthetics and orthotics. Its aim is to ensure that prosthetics and orthotics services are people-centred an ... more