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COMPENDIUM of health system responses to large-scale migration in the WHO European Region
recommended

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe (2018) C_WHO

The scale of international migration in the WHO European Region has increased substantially in the last decade. The dynamics of large-scale migration pose specific challenges and opportunities to health systems, and responses will differ from countr ... more

Monitoring mental health systems and services in the WHO European Region: Mental Health Atlas, 2017

World Health Organization WHO; Regional Office for Europe (2018) C_WHO

A stated objective of WHO’s European Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2020 is to ensure better information and knowledge for service planning, development, monitoring and evaluation, including ... more

Ukraine: Mental Health in Transition

World Bank (2017) C1

Assessment and Guidance for Strengthening Integration of Mental Health into Primary Health Care and Community-Based Service Platforms in Ukraine

A case study of the role of an Essential Health Benefit in the delivery of integrated health services in Zambia

Luwabelwa, M.; Banda, P; Palale M.; Chama-Chiliba, C. Regional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET) (2017) C1

Regional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET): Disussion Paper 111
The health services delivery system in Zambia is pyramid in structure, with primary healthcare ( ... more

Strengthening the collection, analysis and use of health workforce data and information: a handbook

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Access to health workers who are fit for purpose, motivated and protected is a fundamental force of health service delivery and the achievement of ... more

Health Sector Integrated Refugee Response Plan 2019 - 2024

Uganda Government (OPM) (2022) CC

Uganda hosts approximately 1.1 million refugees making it Africa’s largest refugee hosting country and one of the five largest refugee hosting countries in the world. Most recently, throughout 2016- 2018, Uganda was impacted by three parallel emergencies from South Sudan, the Democratic Republic o ... more

Evaluatin of the Namibian Community Health Workers Programme

UNICEF; USAID; Maternal and Child Survival Program (2017) C_UNICEF

In 2008 the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS) commissioned a national health and social service system review which found that althoug ... more

Malawi’s Community-based Health System Model: Structure, Strategies, and Learning

Devlin, K.; Pandit-Rajani, T.; Egan, F.K. Advancing Partners & Communities (2017) CC

The Community-based Health System Model Series briefs identify and discuss critical health system inputs and processes that have contributed to the implementation and expansion of community-based ... more

Prevalence of Schistosoma Haematobium Measured by a Mobile Health System in an Unexplored Endemic Region in the Subprefecture of Torrock, Chad

Layaye, D.; E de Bruijn, M.; de Jong, T.; JMIR Publication Advancing Digital Health and Open Science (2019) CC

Schistosoma haematobium is a parasitic digenetic trematode responsible for schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia). The disease is caused by penetration of the skin by the parasite, spread by intermediate host molluscs in stagnant waters, and can be treated by ... more

Community health worker models in South Africa: a qualitative study on policy implementation of the 2018/19 revised framework

Murphy, J.P.; A. Moolla, S. Kgowedi et al. Health Policy and Planning (2020) C1

South Africa has a long history of community health workers (CHWs). It has been a journey that has required balancing constrained resources and competing priorities. CHWs form a bridge between communities and healthcare ... more

Standards for improving the quality of care for children and young adolescents in health facilities

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

These standards for the quality of paediatric care in health facilities form part of normative guidance for improving the quality of maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health care. In view of ... more

The Health Literacy Toolkit For Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Sarity Dodson, Suvajee Good and Richard Osborne World Health Organization - Regional Office South-East Asia (2015)

A series of information sheets to help empower communities and strengthen health systems This series of information sheets introduces health literacy, its relevance to public policy, and the way ... more

Public Spending on Health: A Closer Look at Global Trends

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2018) C_WHO

The 2018 global health financing report presents health spending data for all WHO Member States between 2000 and 2016 based on the SHA 2011 methodology. It shows a transformation trajectory for the ... more

Supporting the continuity of health and nutrition services in the context of COVID-19 in refugee settings
recommended

UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR (2020) C2

The 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak was catastrophic in West Africa but the indirect impact of increasing the mortality rates of other conditions was also substantial. The increased number of deaths caused by malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis attributable to ... more

National Community Health Strategy 2017-2022

Government of the Republic of Malawi (2017) CC

The Government of Malawi is committed to improving health and livelihoods in Malawi through community health – the provision of basic health ser ... more

National Health Plan 2011–2020: Volume 1, Policies and Strategies

Government of Papua New Guinea (2010) C1

The health of the people and health services are in crisis, and together as partners this plan commits us to strategies aimed at achieving our goal of:
Strengthened primary ... more

Bringing together physical and mental health

Chris Naylor; Preety Das; Shilpa Ross et al. The Kings Fund (2016) C1

A new frontier for integrated care. Until now, most efforts to promote integrated care have focused on bridging the gaps between health and social care or between primary and secondary care. But the NHS five year forward view has highlighted a thir ... more

Mental health systems in selected low- and middle-income countries: a WHO-AIMS cross-national analysis

World Health Organization WHO WHO (2009) C_WHO

Data on the essential building blocks of mental health systems, including mental health governance, financing, service delivery, human resources a ... more

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure o ... n Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

Family planning and comprehensive abortion care toolkit for the primary health care workforce: volume 1

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

What are the FP and CAC competencies? Through the clear articulation of the family planning and comprehensive abortion care (FP and CAC) competencies for the primary health care workforce, the aim is to advance improvements in FP and CAC ... more