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El informe anual de la vigilancia de la resistencia a los antibióticos de los países participantes de la Región de las Américas se discute y analiza con el fin de tomar medidas para el perfeccionamiento continuo de la calidad de los datos, y su utilidad en la orientación a los clínicos para el... uso racional de los antibióticos.Inicialmente la vigilancia estaba dirigida a bacterias entéricas: Salmonella, Shigella y Vibrio cholerae, desde 1997. A partir de2000, se incluyeron otras especies que se encuentran en la comunidad y en los hospitales.La información suministrada por cada país es un consolidado de la información obtenida de diversos centros asistenciales y, en ocasiones, áreas geográficas diferentes, por lo que su valor epidemiológico es limitado. Sin embargo, no puede subestimarse la importancia de esta información como indicador de tendencia ni como justificación técnica de la necesidad de implementar medidas para la prevención y control de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos
REVISTA DE PATOLOGIA TROPICAL
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Interpersonal violence – in all its forms – has a grave effect on children: Violence undermines children’s future potential; damages their physical, psychological and emotional well-being; and in many cases, ends their lives. The report sheds light on the prevalence of different forms of viole...nce against children, with global figures and data from 190 countries. Where relevant, data are disaggregated by age and sex, to provide insights into risk and protective factors.
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L’objectif de ce guide est de favoriser la prise en charge globale et de qualité des nourrissons exposés au VIH et des enfants infectés par le VIH par des équipes pluridisciplinaires, éventuellement non-spécialisées en pédiatrie.Le programme Grandir développe depuis huit ans des activité...s pour répondre aux besoins en information et en formation des acteurs de terrain impliqués dans la prise en charge des personnes vivant avec le VIH et de leurs enfants. Différents outils ont ainsi été développés : Grandir Info, lettre d’informations sur le VIH pédiatrique ; Grandir Actu, veille bibliographique des articles scientifiques sur le sujet ; des brochures sur l’observance et l’annonce du diagnostic ; des Fiches Pratiques et des modules de formation spécialisée en nutrition ou en accompagnement psychologique de l’enfant et de l’adolescent.Chaque publication est relue et validée par un Comité Technique constitué de référents spécialisés du Nord et du Sud, reconnus pour leurs compétences dans le domaine. Ce guide est une version augmentée et enrichie du manuel publié par le pro-gramme Grandir en 2010. Il constitue une actualisation des recommandations de l’OMS et une capitalisation des connaissances pratiques accumulées depuis le début du programme en 2006 dans le domaine du VIH pédiatrique en Afrique.
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LLEVADA A CABO POR LOS AGENTES HUMANITARIOS Y LOS DEFENSORES DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN LOS CONFLICTOS ARMADOS Y OTRAS SITUACIONES DE VIOLENCIA
La resistencia a los antimicrobianos (RAM, utilizado también como equivalente de "resistente a los antimicrobianos en este documento) constituye un importante motivo de preocupación mundial en el ámbito de la salud pública y un problema para la inocuidad de los alimentos. Cuando l...os patógenos se hacen resistentes a los agentes antimicrobianos, pueden ser más peligrosos para la salud humana a causa de un posible fracaso de los tratamientos, de la pérdida de opciones para los tratamientos y de la mayor probabilidad y gravedad de las enfermedades. Los problemas relacionados con la RAM están intrínsecamente relacionados con el uso de antimicrobianos en cualquier ámbito, lo que comprende los usos humanos y no humanos. El uso de agentes antimicrobianos en animales/cultivos destinados a la producción de alimentos constituye un factor potencialmente importante de riesgo de selección y propagación a los seres humanos de microorganismos resistentes y determinantes de RAM a partir de dichos cultivos/animales a través del consumo de alimentos.
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La responsabilidad de elaborar planes de respuesta a deasastres y de contingencia incumbe a todos los niveles de la organización. La Federación Internacional recomienda que las Sociedades Nacionales y las oficinas de la Federació Internacional elaboren ya sea un plan de respuesta a desastres ocas...ionados por múltiples peligros, con anexos específicos para ciertos peligros, ya sea planes de contingencia específicos para hacer frente a situaciones para las que existe un alto riesgo. Muchos procedimientos de gestión de emergencias son comunes a todos los desastres, independientemente de los peligros que éstos conllevan.
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Le Manuel de formation psychosociale pour la Protection des enfants de Terre des hommes répond
aux besoins des programmes de protection de l’enfance menés par Terre des hommes et peut être utilisé
en parallèle à la publication précédente de Terre des hommes: Protection des enfants: manue...l d’intervention
en cas de crise humanitaire. Ce manuel de formation a été conçu pour le terrain afin de former le
personnel qui travaille directement ou indirectement avec les enfants.
Les modules de ce manuel ont été regroupés selon les catégories suivantes:
• Niveau 1: Animer une formation / un atelier
• Niveau 2: Concepts de base pour une intervention
• Niveau 3: Compétences des animateurs
Chaque module contient les rubriques suivantes:
• Qu’est-ce que c’est?
• A quoi ça sert?
• Comment l’utiliser?
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The World Heart Federation (WHF) commenced a Roadmap initiative in 2015 to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease and resultant burgeoning of healthcare costs. Roadmaps provide a blueprint for implementation of priority solutions for the principal cardiovascular diseases leading to death... and disability. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of these conditions and is an increasing problem due to ageing of the world’s population and an increase in cardiovascular risk factors that predispose to AF. The goal of the AF roadmap was to provide guidance on priority interventions that are feasible in multiple countries, and to identify roadblocks and potential strategies to overcome them.
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Asthma is the commonest chronic childhood disease and encompasses a spectrum of airway diseases with similar symptoms. Inaccurate diagnosis remains common, especially in younger children, with failure to characterize the different “asthmas.” Children worldwide repeatedly suffer symptoms which se...verely affect their everyday lives. Children die from asthma, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). In many countries, asthma prevalence is rising. Access to effective care and changing environments are hugely variable and may explain the higher morbidity in inner-city children, in LMICs, and in deprived populations in high-income countries. Despite the disease being eminently controllable, morbidity and mortality persist.
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MhGAP-IG – это примерное руководство, поэтому крайне важно адаптировать его в соответствии с уникальной национальной или местной ситуацией. Пользователи могут выбра...ь свои варианты приоритетных состояний или мер по адаптации и реализации Руководства в зависимости от имеющихся в наличии и преобладающих ресурсов.
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This guide provides a systematic, practical approach to support primary care and other healthcare professionals to improve the care of peopel over the age of 18 years with difficult to manage asthma.
This report compiles data for the first time on the far-reaching consequences of uncontrolled hypertension, including heart attacks, strokes and premature death, along with substantial economic losses for communities and countries. It also contains information on the global, regional and country-lev...el burden of hypertension and progress of control efforts.
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In one of his final essays, statesman and former United Nations secretary general Kofi Annan said, ‘Snakebite is the most important tropical disease you’ve never heard of’. Mr. Annan firmly believed that victims of snakebite envenoming should be recognised and afforded greater efforts at impro...ved prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. During the last years of his life, he advocated strongly for the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the global community to give greater priority to this disease of poverty and its victims.
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Introduction: Considering the global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a vaccine is being developed to control the disease as a complementary solution to hygiene measures—and better, in social terms, than social distancing. Given that a vaccine will eventually be produced, informa...tion will be needed to support a potential campaign to promote vaccination.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the variables affecting the likelihood of refusal and indecision toward a vaccine against COVID-19 and to determine the acceptance of the vaccine for different scenarios of effectiveness and side effects.
Materials and Methods: A multinomial logistic regression method based on the Health Belief Model was used to estimate the current methodology, using data obtained by an online anonymous survey of 370 respondents in Chile.
Results: The results indicate that 49% of respondents were willing to be vaccinated, with 28% undecided or 77% of individuals who would potentially be willing to be inoculated. The main variables that explained the probability of rejection or indecision were associated with the severity of COVID-19, such as, the side effects and effectiveness of the vaccine; perceived benefits, including immunity, decreased fear of contagion, and the protection of oneself and the environment; action signals, such as, responses from ones' family and the government, available information, and specialists' recommendations; and susceptibility, including the contagion rate per 1,000 inhabitants and relatives with COVID-19, among others. Our analysis of hypothetical vaccine scenarios revealed that individuals preferred less risky vaccines in terms of fewer side effects, rather than effectiveness. Additionally, the variables that explained the indecision toward or rejection of a potential COVID-19 vaccine could be used in designing public health policies.
Conclusions: We discovered that it is necessary to formulate specific, differentiated vaccination-promotion strategies for the anti-vaccine and undecided groups based on the factors that explain the probability of individuals refusing or expressing hesitation toward vaccination.
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