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Cilliers, J.

Cindil Redick& annah Sarah Faich Dini

Circulation

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Cooper et al. BMC Medicine

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Currion, P.

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Danel, Isabella

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Data Friendly Space

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Deparment of Health, South Africa

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Department: Health Republic of South Africa

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Deutsche Gesellschaft f&uuml

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin und Internationale Gesundheit (DTG)

Deutsches Zentralkomitee zur Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose

Development of Health and Human Services USA

Devipriya, J.

Devlin, K.

Dharini Bhuvanendra

Dheda, K.

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Diallo A., D. L. Dahourou, T. T. E. Dah et al.

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Dione D., L. Toure, G. Maynard-Tucker

Direction général de la pharmacie, du médicament et des laboratoires

Directorate General of Drug Administration,, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, People's Republic of Bangladesh

Directorate General of Health Services , Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India

Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India

Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Directorate of Public Health and the Mycobacteria Group

Division of International Protection

Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services,

Divisions of Community Health Services, UNICEF

Dominique Morel, and Clara Hagens

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DOTS, WHO

Doubova SV, Leslie HH, Kruk ME, et al.

Dove Press

Dr F Siyoi, Dr C Forshaw, Dr J Mbuva ,Dr M Thuo, Dr N Mucheru, Dr E Ominde-Ogaja, Dr R Mbindyo, Mrs R Kirika

Dr T Apalata, Dr C Bamford, Mr D Benjamin et al.

Dr. A. Kumar

Dr. B. Camara

Dr. C. V. Dharma Rao

Dr. I. Chikovani

Dr. J. Rule

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Dr. K. Asiedu

Dr. M. Dara

Dr. M. Gurung

Dr. M. Kavtaradze, Dr. S. Ciobanu

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Dr. N. Shengelia

Dr. Nathan Kenya Mugisha, Ministry of Health Uganda

Dr. R. S. Gupta

Dr. Raviglione, M.

Dr. S. Eyangoh et. al.

Dr. S. Godinjak

Dr. Scherpbier, R.

Dr. Vernet G

Dr. Z. Cardaklija

Druetz T.

Drug Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia Contents

Drug Safety

Drug War Facts

Dunbar, E.L. et al.

Dunn, L., Chea

Durrheim, D.

Dutra, W.

Dzabala, N. et al.

D’A. Richardson

D’Arcy Richardson, PATH, and Greg Pirio, Empower Communications

E Clinical Medecine (Published by the Lancet)

E. André

E. Chiappini

E. Corbett

E. Goldson, Z. Abubakar et al.

E. Kalinichenko

E. Masaki

E. Pavlenko, A. Barbova, A. Hovhannesyan, et al.

E. Puca

E. Ruadze

E. Subata

E. Subata,

E. Tambo

E. Toska, et al.

E. Venturini

E. Zhou

E.G. Brown Jr, D.S. Dooley, K. Smith

E.Z Asbu, O. Walker and J. M Kirigia, et al.

EACS European AIDS Clinical Society

Eaneff S., Boyce M.R., Graeden E., et al.

East African Regional External Quality Assessment Scheme (EA-REQAS)

ec al.

ECDC European Center for disease prevention and control

Economist Impact

Egan, F.K.

El Arnaout, N., Rutherford, S., Zreik,, et al.

Elaine Abrams, Tsitsi Apollo, Janet Bhila et al.

Eliud Wandwalo, Claire Moodie, Yared Kebede Haile, Amos Kutwa, Odile Ferroussier, Chawalit Natpratan

Eliud Wandwalo, Management Sciences for Health Claire Moodie, Management Sciences for Health Yared Kebede Haile, KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation Amos Kutwa, KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation Odile Ferroussier, Union internationale contre la tuberculose et les maladies respiratoires Chawalit Natpratan, Family Health International

Elizabeth Glaser Foundation

Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation

Elsevier Editora Ltda.

Elsevier Ltd

Emergency Nutrition Network ENN

EMTCT Global Validation Advisory Committee, Global HIV, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Programmes

END TBc1

EngenderHealt&#59

ENN

Epilepsia

EQUINET

Erik Blas, Johannes Sommerfeld and Anand Sivasankara Kurup

Erika Duffell, Igor Toskin

Essack S.Y., A.T. Desta, R.E. Abotsi et al.

et al. (Джеймса Баера

et al.)

etc al.

Ethiopian Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority

Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute

Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI)

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European Respiratory Society

European specialist nurse organisation (ESN)

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights

Eurosurveillance (Europe’s journal on infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control)

Evangelina IN, Inês T, Miguelhete L et al

Evans, Timothy Grant

Evert, J.

Evidence to Action

Extended Programme on Immunisation NDoH

École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Kinshasa

F. Becerra

F. Biadglegne, U. Sack, A. C. Rodloff

F. Fezeu

F. Kiweewa, A.Dasgupta

F. M. Arenas, P. Loock

F. Nakagawa

F. Norström, M. Y. Bertram et al.

F. Pérez

F. Portaels

F. Verde

F.S.M. Bezerra, D.G.Colley,

F.Simona,E.Javellea ,A.Cabie, et al.

F1000Research

Facts Standard of Care for HIV and Coinfections in Europe

Family Health International (FHI)

Fan V. Y., Kim S., Pineda D., et al.

Fanjul, G.

Fast-Track Cities

FDI World Dental Federation

Featherstone, A.

Federal Bureau of Prisons

Federal democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Health

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health

Federal Government

Federal Ministry of Health - Nigeria Centre for Disease Contro

Federal Ministry of Health - Nigeria Centre for Disease Control

Federal Ministry of Health FMOH, EThiopia

Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia

Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria

Federal Ministry of Health, Dept. of Public Health, National HIV

Federal Ministry of Health, Federal Republic of Nigeria

Fene, F.

Fédération internationale des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge

Figueroa-Romero, A.

Fiona Samuels and Svetlana Ancker

Fitzgerald, F.

Flavia Bustreo, Marie-Paule Kieny, Lale Say et al.

Fleischer, K. et al.

Fleischer, K., et al.

Flying Publisher, Boehringer Ingelheim

Fonds des Nations Unies pour l’enfance (UNICEF)

Food and Agriculture Organization

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO, World Health Organization WHO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO, World Health Organization WHO and World Organisation for Animal Health OiE

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO, World Health Organization WHO, World Organisation for Animal Health

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance II Project (FANTA-2)

Food for the Hungry et al.

Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia

Forde, Ian

Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada

Formation VIH

Forsyth, C.

Francesca Bonino and Ian Christoplos

Francis Aboagye-Nyame, Heather Alexander, Zelalem Gizachew Belachew et al.

Frank Shann and John Vince

Fraser V, Hunt MR, Schwartz L, and de Laat S

Fredrick K. Sawe

Friedman, J.F.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

Frontiers in Pediatrics

Fröber,J.

G-Finder

G. Bartlett

G. Bishwajit, C. Zhaohui, H. Zhifei

G. F. Tchouwa

G. H. Mazurek, J. Jereb, P. LoBue et. al

G. J. Montalto

G. K. Siberry

G. Kyselyova

G. Likatavicius

G. Mburu, D. Richardson

G. O’Hara

G. Pirio

G. Ravasi

G. Sander

G. van Cutsem

G. Weiler

G. Williams, E. Alarcón, S. Jittimanee et al.

Gage A., Leslie H., Bitton A., et al.

Ganina L.Yu

GBD 2019 Ethiopia Subnational-Level Disease Burden Initiative Collaborators

GBD 2019 Tuberculosis Collaborators

Georgios Nikolopoulos, University of Cyprus

Geraldine Le Cuziat, Geraldine

German Bishops' Conference Research Group on International Church Affairs

German HIV Practice Collection (GHPC), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)

Germano MP, Elena F, Ndlovu N et al

Germany’s National Public Health Institute (RKI), et al.

GFDRR

GHAIN Global HIV

Ghana Health Service (GHS)

Ghana Health Service, et al.

Ghana Prisons

Ghana Statistical Service Ghana Health Service Accra, Ghana

Ghana, Ministry of Health

GHSA

Gingo, D.

Girum T., Wasie A. and Worku A.

GiZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit

Gjergji, M.

Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership—Tanzania Working Group

Global Tuberculosis Proqramme, World Health Organization

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (Gavi)

Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS)

Global Council on Inequality, AIDS and Pandemics

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis & Malaria is mandatory

Global Health Action

Global Health Institute, University of California

Global Health Security Index

global health workforce alliance

Global Laboratory Initiative (GLI), Stop TB Partnership

Global MICS Programme

Global Network of People Living with HIV (GNP+), International Community of Women Living with HIV (ICW) et al.

Global Preparedness Monitoring Board

Global Task Force on Cholera

Global Task Force On Cholera Control (GTFCC)

Globalization and Health

GOAL

GOARN Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) Coordination Working Group, et al.

Golden, A.

Gollob, K.

Goverment of Lesotho

Goverment of the Netherlands

Governement of Nepal, Ministry of Health

Governement of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population

Governement of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population, Department of Health Services

Government of India, Central Tuberculosis Division

Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Department of Health & Family Welfare

Government of Indonesia

Government of Lesotho

Government of Lesotho, World Health Organization (WHO) & United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Family Health Division

Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population National Center for AIDS and STD Control

Government of Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population, National Centre for AIDS and STD Control

Government of Nepal,Ministry of Health and Population, Department of Health Services

Government of Nigeria Health Cluster World Health Organization

Government of Papua New Guinea

Government of Sierra Leone

GOVERNMENT OF SIERRA LEONE MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND SANITATION

Government of Sierra Leone, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Health Education Division

Government of Sierra Loene, WHO

Government of Southern Sudan, Ministry of Health

Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health

Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health, the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, USAID, and SPS

Government of the Netherlands

Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh DGHS Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Directorate General of Health Services

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services

Government of the Republic of Malawi

Government of the Republic of Namibia

Government of the Republic of Zambia

Government of the Syrian Arab Republic, UN Development Programme

Government of Timor-Leste

Grimshaw, J. M.

Gromek K., Hung M., Montero N. et al

Gupta, A.

Guzek, John

Guzman-Vilca, W. C.

H, Getahun

H. Bailey et al.

H. Bergmann

H. Drobna, C. Mallouris

H. E. Jenkins, V. Crudu, V. Soltan, et al.

H. Flynn

H. Garrison-Desany

H. H. Nguyen

H. Hafizi

H. Huerga

H. Ingold

H. Marval-Ospino

H. S. Faich Dini

H. Sakamoto

H. Yeboah

H.d Sobel

H.E. Drummer

H.Getahun

H.L. Nguyen

H6 Partnership

Haider, N.

HAL archives ouvertes

Hannah Faal, Rènée du Toit, Henrietta Monye, Ronnie Graham

Hans L. Rieder, Armand Van Deun, Kai Man Kam, Sang Jae Kim, T. Martin Chonde, Arnaud Trébucq, Richard Urbanczik

Harm Reduction International

Harris. P.

Harvard Global Health Institute

He, M.

HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF ODISHA

Health & Family Welfare, Government of Kerala

Health Cluster, WHO

Health Communication Capacity Collaborative

Health Department: Republic of South Africa

Health Infrastructure Division

Health Policy Plus

Health Policy Project

Health Poverty Action

HEART (Health & Education Advice and Resource Team

HEAT, UNICEF, Open University, AMREF

Heliyon

Hellen Gelband,Jha Prabhat, Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan et al.

HelpAge International Myanmar, University of Public Health and University of Medicine-2

Hendrik CJ van Rensburg

Henninger, B.

Henry B. Perry, Ranu S. Dhillon, Anne Liu, et al.

Henry Perry

Hepatology Society of the Philippines

Hepatology Society of the Philippines (HSP)

Herazo, F.

Hélène Fagherazzi-Pagel

Hiffler, L.

Hindawi Publishing Corporation

HIV and AIDS Ministry of Health

HIV Economics Reference Group

HIV i-Base

HIV Self-Testing Africa Initiative

hivma

Hoffmann, C.

Hossain, I.

Hoviyeh Afnan-Holmes, Moke Magoma, Theopista John, et al.

Hsia Y., B. R Lee, A. Versporten, et al

HSRC Press

Hua Fu

Huffman, M. et al.

Human Scientific Research Council HSRC South Africa

Humanitarian Country Team in Myanmar

Humanitarian Practice Network at ODI

Humanitarian Response et al.

I. Bozicevic

I. Couto

I. Demchenko

I. Eramova

I. Fronteira

I. Hall

I. Henry

I. Mokrousov, (St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute)

I. Osoianu

I. Sazonova

I. Semini

I. Steffens

IACAPAP

IAPB Africa

IASC, Global Nutrition Cluster, UNICEF

IATT

IAWG on Reproductive Health in Crises, IPPF, JSI, et al.

IBFAN-GIFA, Fondation Terre des hommes, et al.

ICAP

ICF

ICF International Calverton, Maryland, USA

ICF International, et al.

ICF Macro

ICRC

Idro R, Musubire K A, Byamah Mutamba B

IDSA, HIVMA, et al.

IGAT Hope INC.

ILO International Labour Organization

iMedPub Journals

Inconnu

Independent Review Team

Indian Academy of Paediatrics

Indian Council of Medical Research

Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)

Indian Council of Medical Research - Department of Health Research

Indian Council of Medical Research India

Indian Society of Nephrology

Indonesian Drug Users Network

Indonesian National AIDS Commission

Inernational Red Cross Federation IFRC

Infections & Morbidities

Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)

Inserm

Institut de Médecine Tropicale, Université de Bordeau

Institut für Allgemeinmedizin Charité

Institute for Community Inclusion at University of Massachusetts

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation

Institute for Public Policy Research

Institute for research in international assistance

Institute for Security Studies ISS

Institute i Shendentit Publik Tirane

Institute of Medicine (US)

Instituti Shendetit Public

Institutul National de Sanatate Publica

Inter-Agency Standing Committee IASC, IFRC, IOM, WHO

Inter-Agency Task Team to Adress HIV in Humanitarian Emergencies

Inter-agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Crises

InterAction, The Rockefeller Foundation

Interagency Task Team HIV in Humanitarian Emergencies

International AIDS Society (IAS)

International Alert/ГІП-Тбілісі/Лондонською школою гігієни і тропічної медицини

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Water and Sanitation Mission Assistant

International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and Macro International

International Journal of Current Research

International Journal of Mental Health Systems

International Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination

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Meeting report of the WHO expert consultation on the definition of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis

World Health Organization WHO (2021) CC

Meeting Report 27-29 October 2020 The overall goal of the meeting was to discuss recent changes in treatment regimens and diagnostics for drug-resistant TB and to determine how these impact on the definition of XDR-TB, with a view to revising this definition. The pre-existing definition of XDR-TB w ... more

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The WHO AWaRe (Access, Watch, Reserve) antibiotic book - Infographics

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2022) C_WHO

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to global health and development and it contributes to millions of deaths worldwide each year. Inappropriate use and overuse of antibiotics are driving an increase in AMR and have a detrimental impact on the effectiveness of these critical medicines. Throug ... more

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Revised WHO classification and treatment of childhood pneumonia at health facilities

World Health Organization (2014)

The revised guidelines present two major changes to existing guidelines: (A) there are now just 2 categories of pneumonia instead of 3 (“pneumonia” which is treated at home with oral amoxicillin and “severe pneumonia” which requires injectable antibiotics) and (B) oral amoxicillin replaces o ... more

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Prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance in the Eastern Mediterranean Region – a progress report, 2024

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health crisis that resulted in 1.14 million deaths in 2021. According to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation estimates, 96 416 of these deaths occurred in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region. All 22 countr ... more

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Social and Behaviour Change Communication Strategy for Prevention of Re-establishment of Malaria Transmission in Timor-Leste

Ministry of Health Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste; World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

The Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) Strategy for the Prevention of the Re-establishment of Malaria Transmission in Timor-Leste forms part of the National Strategic Plan (NSP) for 2021–2025. The strategy aims to support Timor-Leste's efforts to sustain malaria elimination by promot ... more

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Integrated Management of Malaria Training - Health Workers Manual

The Ruepublic of Uganda - Ministry of Health (2019) C2

The "Integrated Management of Malaria Training – Health Worker’s Manual" is a practical guide developed by Uganda’s Ministry of Health to train healthcare workers at all levels in the effective diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and management of malaria. It aligns with national malaria treatme ... more

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Practical manual on tuberculosis laboratory strengthening, 2022 update

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The Practical manual on laboratory strengthening, 2022 update provides practical guidance on implementation of WHO recommendations and best practices for TB laboratory strengthening. It is an updated version of the GLI Practical Guide to Laboratory Strengthening published in 2017 and provides the la ... more

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Guidance to facilitate monitoring and evaluation for antimicrobial resistance national action plans

Quadripartite: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO; UN Environment Programme UNEP; World Health Organization WHO; World Organisation for Animal Health WAHO (2023) CC

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global human, animal, plant and environment health threat that needs to be addressed by every country. The impacts of AMR are wide-ranging in terms of human health, animal health, food security and safety, environmental effects on ecosystems and biodiversity, and ... socioeconomic development. Just like the climate crisis, AMR poses a significant threat to the delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The response to the AMR crisis has been spearheaded through the global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (GAP-AMR), developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015, in close collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), and formally endorsed by the three organizations’ governing bodies and by the Political Declaration of the high-level meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on AMR in 2016. In 2022, the three organizations officially became the Quadripartite by welcoming the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) into the alliance “to accelerate coordination strategy on human, animal and ecosystem health”. The aim of the GAP-AMR is to ensure the continuity of successful treatment with effective and safe medicines. Its strategic objectives include: • improving the awareness and understanding of AMR; • strengthening the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research; • reducing the incidence of infection through effective sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention measures; optimizing the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal health; and • developing the economic case for sustainable investment that takes account of the needs of all countries and increasing investment in new medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other interventions. With the adoption of the GAP-AMR, countries agreed to develop national action plans (NAPs) aligned with the GAP-AMR to mainstream AMR interventions nationally. Individually, the Quadripartite took action to advance AMR interventions in their respective sectors. FAO adopted a resolution on AMR recognizing that it poses an increasingly serious threat to public health and sustainable food production, and developed an AMR action plan to support the resolution’s implementation. For its part, WOAH developed a strategy on AMR aligned with the GAP-AMR, acknowledging the importance of a One Health approach to AMR. Similarly, more recently, UNEP’s governing body, the United Nations Environment Assembly, recognized that AMR is a current and increasing threat and a challenge to global health, food security and the sustainable development of all countries, and welcomed the GAP-AMR and the NAPs developed in accordance with its five overarching strategic objectives more

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An integrated, Sustainable Framework to Elimination of Communicable Diseases in the Americas. Concept Note

Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) (2019) C_WHO

The objective of this concept note and the framework it outlines is the elimination of a group of CDs and the negative health effects they generate, which together create a tangible burden on affected individuals, their families and communities, and on health care systems throughout the Region. Thou ... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ... is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more