Each year WHO and UNICEF jointly review reports submitted by Member States regarding national immunization coverage, finalized survey reports as well as data from the published and grey literature. Based on these data, with due consideration to potential biases and the views of local experts, WHO an...d UNICEF attempt to distinguish between situations where the available empirical data accurately reflect immunization system performance and those where the data
are likely to be compromised and present a misleading view of immunization coverage while jointly estimating the most likely coverage levels for each country.
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The guidelines are primarily intended for health-care professionals working in first- or second-level health-care facilities, including emergency, inpatient and outpatient services. They are also directed at policy-makers, health-care planners and programme managers, academic institutions, non-gover...nmental and civil society organizations to inform capacity-building, teaching and research agendas.
Web annex A provides the quantitative evidence reports, Web annex B summarizes the qualitative and economic evidence and Web annex C presents the Evidence-to-Decision frameworks.
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The guidelines are primarily intended for health-care professionals working in first- or second-level health-care facilities, including emergency, inpatient and outpatient services. They are also directed at policy-makers, health-care planners and programme managers, academic institutions, non-gover...nmental and civil society organizations to inform capacity-building, teaching and research agendas.
Web annex A provides the quantitative evidence reports, Web annex B summarizes the qualitative and economic evidence and Web annex C presents the Evidence-to-Decision frameworks.
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The guidelines are primarily intended for health-care professionals working in first- or second-level health-care facilities, including emergency, inpatient and outpatient services. They are also directed at policy-makers, health-care planners and programme managers, academic institutions, non-gover...nmental and civil society organizations to inform capacity-building, teaching and research agendas.
Web annex A provides the quantitative evidence reports, Web annex B summarizes the qualitative and economic evidence and Web annex C presents the Evidence-to-Decision frameworks.
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The guidelines are primarily intended for health-care professionals working in first- or second-level health-care facilities, including emergency, inpatient and outpatient services. They are also directed at policy-makers, health-care planners and programme managers, academic institutions, non-gover...nmental and civil society organizations to inform capacity-building, teaching and research agendas.
Web annex A provides the quantitative evidence reports, Web annex B summarizes the qualitative and economic evidence and Web annex C presents the Evidence-to-Decision frameworks.
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The objectives of this guideline are the same as those of the 2011 edition, namely to provide evidence-based normative guidance on interventions to improve adolescent morbidity and mortality by reducing the chances of early pregnancy and its resulting poor health outcomes. The specific objectives of... the guideline were to: 1. identify effective interventions to prevent early pregnancy by influencing factors such as early marriage, coerced sex, unsafe abortion, access to contraceptives and access to maternal health services by adolescents; and 2. provide an analytical framework for policy-makers and programme managers to use when selecting evidence-based interventions to prevent early pregnancy and negative health outcomes when they occur that are most appropriate for the needs of their countries and context. The recommendations and best practice statements described in this document aim to enable evidence-based decision-making with respect to preventing early pregnancy and poor reproductive outcomes among adolescents in low- and middle-income country contexts.
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The "Pocket Manual for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria", published by the Ministry of Health of the Sultanate of Oman, provides practical guidance for healthcare professionals on how to identify, manage, and treat malaria cases. It emphasizes parasitological confirmation before treatment, out...lines standard protocols for treating uncomplicated and severe malaria—including P. falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infections—and specifies drug regimens based on patient weight and age. The manual also includes recommendations for travelers on malaria chemoprophylaxis and highlights the importance of prevention, especially for high-risk groups like children and pregnant women.
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This document is designed to assist UNICEF and WHO country offices in collaborating with national, sub-national, and
local counterparts to implement the UNICEF Game Plan to Reach Safely Managed Sanitation 2022–2030 and the WHO
Guidelines on sanitation and health. It also aims to facilitate compl...ementary activities by sector partners towards shared
goals. The implementation steps outlined here promote greater alignment of sanitation activities among UNICEF, WHO,
and other stakeholders, including UN agencies, civil society, the private sector, and academia
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emale genital mutilation (FGM) comprises all procedures that involve the partial or total removal of external genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons; the procedure has no health benefits . Moreover, the removal of or damage to healthy genital tissue interferes... with the natural functioning of the body and may cause several immediate and long-term health consequences. In addition, FGM violates a series of well established human rights principles, including the principles of equality and nondiscrimination based on sex, the right to life (when the procedure results in death), and the
right to freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, as well as the rights of the child to physical and mental integrity.
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Malaria in pregnancy is a significant health problem in malaria-endemic areas. It not only causes substantial childhood morbidity and mortality but also increases the risks of adverse events for pregnant women and their developing fetuses. Most of the burden in these areas is due to infection with P...lasmodium falciparum. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been recommended as first-line treatment for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in all populations, including pregnant women in their second and third trimesters, since 2006. However, for women in their first trimester of pregnancy, WHO recommended as first-line treatment a combination of quinine and clindamycin.
Based on a review of the evidence conducted in 2022, WHO now recommends artemether–lumefantrine, the ACT with the most human safety data available, as the preferred treatment for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy. This document presents all relevant evidence on the effects and safety in early pregnancy of artemisinins and partner medicines used in ACTs from both studies in experimental animals and observational studies in humans.
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This video provides an overview of how a virus spreads, invades the body’s cells, and results in symptoms, as well as how a vaccine works to use the body’s natural immune response to protect us from these germs.
Specific attention is paid to the unique aspects of the COVID-19 virus, the mRNA va...ccine, the vaccine variations and boosters that are a source of confusion.
This video is part of our Supporting Vaccination Toolkit for Community Health Workers (CHWs). This free digital toolkit is designed to increase the self-efficacy and effectiveness of CHWs in conducting vaccine outreach in communities, ultimately increasing vaccination rates.
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This video focuses on acknowledgement of the stresses and experience of CHWs and the importance of self-care. Healthful coping strategies and daily self-care practices are covered, including resources for support.
This video is part of our Supporting Vaccination Toolkit for Community Health Worker...s (CHWs). This free digital toolkit is designed to increase the self-efficacy and effectiveness of CHWs in conducting vaccine outreach in communities, ultimately increasing vaccination rates.
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Welcome to our implementation research case example focusing on chagas disease and Ecuador. This module offers a comprehensive exploration of the strategies employed to address the challenges posed by Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease prevalent in Latin America. With a specific focus on t...he southern Ecuador context, this course describes the relationship between public health interventions, socioeconomic factors, and community understanding, all of which are essential for the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of chagas disease
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Efficacious antimalarial medicines are critical to malaria control and elimination. Continuous monitoring of their efficacy is needed to inform treatment policies in malaria-endemic countries, and to ensure early detection of, and response to, drug resistance.
On a need’s basis, the Immunization Analysis and Insights, Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPD) Surveillance and Risk Assessment Team of the World Health Organization (WHO) posts expression of interest (EOI) calls, inviting manufacturers of specified technologies (in vitro diagnostics also known as ...IVDs) to participate in a WHO product evaluation. The focus is on IVDs that are used by WHO’s laboratory networks undertaking surveillance for certain VPDs
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This report explores the intersection of tuberculosis (TB) and climate change, highlighting how climate-related challenges such as food and water insecurity, displacement, and disrupted healthcare access amplify TB risk. Intended as a resource for policymakers, researchers, development partners, fin...ancing institutions, and civil society, it advocates for recognizing TB as a climate-sensitive disease. The report promotes research, calls for increased financing, and provides an evidence-based framework to inform mitigation, adaptation, and resilience strategies in the global TB response.
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