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Publication Years
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Toolboxes
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This document was prepared in response to a need to review and potentially update the current recommendations for the antibiotic treatment of both inpatient and outpatient management of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The current recommendations (T
...
able 1) are based on guidelines published in 2013 in the WHO Pocketbook for Hospital Care for Children, and the 2013 update on SAM (outpatient management). The global threat of increasing antimicrobial resistance and new data on efficacy and safety profiles requires a re-review of the current evidence to ensure recommendations are the most appropriate. The evidence base for the use of antibiotics in children presenting with uncomplicated SAM has been recently enlarged.
more
Rapid Assessment Guide for Psychosocial Support and Violence Prevention in Emergencies and Recovery
recommended
This guide provides standards and directions on how to carry out rapid needs assessment for Psychosocial Support (PSS) and Violence Prevention (VP) initiatives including child protection and sexual and gender-based violence. In particular, this rapid assessment tool is designed to help gather
...
data in an efficient and effective way to help inform integration of PSS and VP issues, as minimum standards, into the broader disaster management action plans in response to an emergency.
more
Neonatal mortality is a major challenge in reducing child mortality rates in Nepal. Despite efforts by the Government of Nepal, data from the last three demographic and health surveys show a rise in the contribution of neonatal deaths to infant and
...
child mortality. The Government of Nepal has implemented community-based programs that were piloted and then scaled up based on lessons learned. These programs include, but are not limited to ensuring safe motherhood, birth preparedness package, community-based newborn care package, and integrated management of childhood illnesses. Despite the implementation of such programs on a larger scale, their effective coverage is yet to be achieved. Health system challenges included an inadequate policy environment, funding gaps, inadequate procurement, and insufficient supplies of commodities, while human resource management has been found to be impeding service delivery. Such bottlenecks at policy, institutional and service delivery level need to be addressed incorporating health information in decision-making as well as working in partnership with communities to facilitate the utilization of available services.
more
Based on the recently updated 2018 WHO-WFSA International Standards for a Safe Practice of Anaesthesia the WFSA has developed the Anaesthesia Facility Assessment Tool (AFAT) in order to help regional and national anaesthesia and health care leadership to gather
...
data about anaesthesia workforce, equipment, medicines and practice at the facility level.
The AFAT is part of a shared effort to improve data collection and knowledge management in support of the implementation of World Health Assembly Resolution 68.15 and to ensure that anaesthesia is represented in national health planning and in National Surgical, Obstetric & Anaesthesia Plans (NSOAPs).
more
PNAS 119 (8) e2113947119 | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2113947119
Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, m
...
easure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world’s rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
more
In 2014, the World Heart Federation (WHF) launched
an initiative to develop a series of Roadmaps [1e6]. Their
aim is to identify potential roadblocks on the pathway to
effective prevention, detection, and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD
...
), along with evidence-based
solutions to overcome them. The resulting documents
provide a framework to translate strategic intent into action
on integrating epidemiology, population, and cardiovascular outcome trial data into national plans for optimal
CVD management.
more
The Framework serves to guide efforts to deliver safe and sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), health care waste management and reliable electricity in all health care facilities. The ultimate aim is to provide quality care for all. The
...
Framework reflects a global consultative process and includes data and recommendations articulated in recent WHO/UNICEF global reports on WASH, waste and electricity in health care facilities. It also provides an operational roadmap for implementing the 2023 United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolution on WASH, waste and electricity in health care facilities. The target audiences for this Framework include health leaders and programme managers at the global and national levels; policymakers; WASH, waste and energy leaders and technical experts; development partners and finance institutions; and actors and experts on gender equality, disability and social inclusion and climate; and, more generally, civil society. The Framework addresses the WASH, waste and electricity elements of the WHO comprehensive approach to build safe, climate-resilient and environmentally sustainable health care facilities.
more
CDI 2 WASH Program
The “Field Level Arsenic Testing Guideline” provides guidance for testing arsenic in groundwater in simple and cost-effective way. The guideline covers different aspects like costing involved in a testing program, justification of selecting field kits, sample collection p ... rocedure, interferences, data management, quality control, safety, waste management issues along with the testing procedure. The guideline will be useful for all technicians, researchers and practitioners for practical purpose related to arsenic test for promoting safe water supply. more
The “Field Level Arsenic Testing Guideline” provides guidance for testing arsenic in groundwater in simple and cost-effective way. The guideline covers different aspects like costing involved in a testing program, justification of selecting field kits, sample collection p ... rocedure, interferences, data management, quality control, safety, waste management issues along with the testing procedure. The guideline will be useful for all technicians, researchers and practitioners for practical purpose related to arsenic test for promoting safe water supply. more
Tanzania: The National Action Plan on AMR 2017-2022
The United Republic of Tanzania - Ministry of Health Community Development Gender Elderly and Children
World Health Organization WHO
(2017)
C_WHO
This National Action Plan addresses actions needed to be taken in order to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the country. It is obligatory to raise awareness of antimicrobial resistance and promote behavioral change through public communication
programmes that targets human, animal and plant
...
health. Inclusion of the use of antimicrobial agents and resistance in school curricula will further promote better understanding and awareness from an early age. Antimicrobial Resistance knowledge, surveillance and research will be strengthened through establishing a national surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance, establishing and building capacity for a national reference laboratory and designated laboratories for AMR surveillance, developing a national research agenda on AMR and establishing and supporting a coordinated mechanism that will ensure harmonized AMR guidelines, data management and sharing systems in human, animal and plant health settings.
more
The Practical manual on laboratory strengthening, 2022 update provides practical guidance on implementation of WHO recommendations and best practices for TB laboratory strengthening. It is an updated version of the GLI Practical Guide to Laboratory Strengthening published in 2017 and provides the la
...
test practical guidance on use of newly recommended diagnostics as well as guidance in key technical areas, including quality assurance and quality management systems, specimen collection and registration, procurement and supply-chain management, diagnostic connectivity, biosafety, data management, human resources, strategic planning, and model algorithms. The key changes are:
inclusion of recent or updated WHO recommendations for tests to diagnose TB and detect drug resistance;
alignment with the latest WHO critical concentrations for phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing (DST) and the new definitions of pre-XDR-TB and XDR-TB;
updated information on building quality-assured TB testing and management capacity using the Stepwise Laboratory Quality Improvement Process Towards Accreditation (SLIPTA) approach (Score-TB package1);
updated information on assessing, analysing and optimising TB diagnostic networks; and
updated information on the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect mutations associated with drug resistance for surveillance purposes.
The document also provides references to resources and tools relevant for work on laboratory strengthening.
more
Rwanda Malaria Strategic Plan 2020–2024
Ministry of Health, Rwanda; Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC)
Ministry of Health, Republic of Rwanda
(2020)
C2
The Rwanda Malaria Strategic Plan 2020–2024 outlines Rwanda’s national strategy to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality by at least 50% compared to 2019 levels. The vision is a malaria-free Rwanda contributing to socioeconomic development.
The plan includes strengthening prevention through lo
...
ng-lasting insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and larval source management; ensuring universal access to testing and treatment; improving surveillance and data use; and enhancing program management, coordination, and financing. It also emphasizes community engagement and behavior change to ensure at least 85% of the at-risk population adopts protective practices.
The strategy builds on past lessons, involves multi-sectoral collaboration, and aligns with global malaria goals. It highlights equity, quality services, and evidence-based interventions as guiding principles, aiming to mobilize national and international resources for sustained impact.
more
The World Health Organization recently redefined leprosy elimination as a phased process, with the first milestone being the
interruption of transmission, achieved when no new child cases (defined as younger than 15 years) are reported for five consecutive years.
In Pakistan, the well-functioning
...
leprosy programme, with effective case management, context-specific active case-finding strategies and
a robust data management system, has contributed to a decrease in new cases. Between 2001 and 2023, new adult cases dropped by 75%
(from 878 cases to 220 cases annually) and child cases by 83% (from 93 to 16). To support the country’s goal of no new child cases by 2030
and ultimately eliminate the disease, the nongovernmental organizations Marie Adelaide Leprosy Centre and Aid to Leprosy Patients, with
support from the German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association, have developed a zero leprosy roadmap. As part of this roadmap,
the leprosy elimination strategy emphasizes improving active case-finding and providing post-exposure prophylaxis for contacts of leprosy
cases, who are at the highest risk
more
This report examines how clinical trials contribute to environmental impacts and outlines key considerations for integrating environmental sustainability into trial design, conduct and oversight. It explores the carbon footprint and resource use associated with clinical research activities – inclu
...
ding site operations, participant travel, supply chains, data management and waste – and highlights how these impacts intersect with climate change risks to health systems and research infrastructure.
more
The document is a report by an expert group that presents a framework for improving future pandemic preparedness and emergency response, particularly in the context of India but with relevance to global health systems. It analyzes lessons learned from COVID-19 and past epidemics, identifies key weak
...
nesses in areas such as governance, surveillance, data management, research, and coordination, and proposes a comprehensive strategy to address them. The report emphasizes the importance of early detection, strong public health infrastructure, coordinated governance, scientific innovation, and international collaboration. A central idea is the ability to respond effectively within the first 100 days of an outbreak by having systems, resources, and policies already in place. Overall, it aims to strengthen resilience and ensure faster, more efficient responses to future health crises.
more
The document Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response Technical Guidelines, Booklet Four: Sections 8 and 9 (Third Edition, 2019) provides guidance for strengthening public health surveillance and response systems in the WHO African Region. It focuses on monitoring, supervision, evaluation, and f
...
eedback mechanisms to improve the performance and quality of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) systems. The text outlines key surveillance core functions—such as case detection, reporting, data analysis, outbreak investigation, preparedness, response, and feedback—and introduces indicators to measure system effectiveness, including timeliness, completeness, and data quality. Additionally, it discusses the implementation of electronic IDSR (eIDSR) to enhance real-time reporting and outbreak management. Overall, the booklet aims to strengthen early detection, rapid response, and health security capacity across all levels of the health system.
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Version 1.0, 2014-11-21
Introduction:
This document lists TB indicators that can be derived from the recording and reporting tools defined
in Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis – 2013 revision (WHO/HTM/TB/2013.2).
Geneva, World Health Organization; 2013. (http://www.who.int/t
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b/publications/definitions/en/).
More details on the rationale, calculation and use of these indicators are available in the following
publications:
• Understanding and using tuberculosis data (WHO/HTM/TB/2014.09). Geneva, World Health
Organization. 2014.
(http://www.who.int/tb/publications/understanding_and_using_tb_data/en/)
• Companion handbook to the WHO guidelines for the programmatic management of drugresistant
tuberculosis (WHO/HTM/TB/2014.11). Geneva, World Health Organization. 2014.
(http://www.who.int/tb/publications/pmdt_companionhandbook/en/)
• A guide to monitoring and evaluation for collaborative TB/HIV activities: 2014 revision. Geneva,
World Health Organization. 2014.
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The aim of the Annual Inspection Report is to present findings of public sector health establishments inspected by the OHSC to monitor compliance with the National Core Standards (NCS) during the 2016/2017 financial year in South Africa.
The NCS define fundamentals for quality of care based on six
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dimensions of quality: Acceptability,Safety, Reliability, Equity, Accessibility, and Efficiency.
The NCS structured assessment tools were used to collect data during inspections across the seven domains namely: Patient Rights; Patient Safety, Clinical Governance and Clinical Care; Clinical Support Services; Public Health; Leadership and Governance; Operational Management and Facilities and Infrastructure. A total of 851 routine inspections were conducted with 201 of these facilities re-inspected. Inspection data was captured on District Health Information System (DHIS) data entry forms and exported for analysis to Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.4.
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A new FMP was opened in Lutaya (Yei County), bringing the total number of EVD-related FMPs within South Sudan to 14. Six additional FMPs are operated in cooperation with DTM Uganda on the Ugandan side of the border due to access issues on the South Sudanese side.
A field mission was carried ou
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t in Yambio County to scope potential new FMP locations, provide the enumerators in Gangura with refresher training and improve arrangements for data upload.
Installation of incinerators and waste pits for medical waste management is ongoing at Morobo and Panyume Primary Health Care Centres (PHCC).
Two new POE screening sites established in Lasu and Birigo were officially opened and have started screening activities on the reporting period, making the total active IOM-supported PoE screening sites at 13
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The Global Health Network is an open source platform that provides trusted knowledge, guidance, tools and resources to support the generation of more and better health research data. During emerging outbreaks it is vital to learn as much as possible
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to generate evidence on best practice for prevention, diagnosis and treatment and to facilitate effective preparedness and response for future outbreaks.
This pop-up space for 2019 Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 (formerly 2019-nCoV) supports evidence generation by pooling protocols, tools, guidance, templates, and research standards generated by researchers and networks working on the response to this outbreak. Findings from previous outbreaks, largely obtained during MERS and SARS, are also available. This all aims to make research faster and easier and to enable standardised, quality data to be collected and prepared for sharing.
Latest updates will be provided on transmission as well as recommendations for healthcare professionals on transmission, disease management, and care.
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Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug approved for the treatment of parasitic infections, including strongyloidiasis and onchocerciasis in humans. There is a reported increase in the use of ivermectin for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 by the public in African Union Member States.
Currently
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, there is:
1. No scientific evidence from pre-clinical studies on the therapeutic effect of ivermectin for the management of COVID-19;
2. No evidence of its clinical efficacy for the management of patients with asymptomatic, mild, moderate or severe COVID-19; and
3. No safety data regarding the use of ivermectin for COVID-19 in the majority of the published studies.
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