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Assessing Health Vulnerabilities and Adaptation to Climate Change

Berry, P.; P. M. Enright, J. Shumake-Guillemot et al. (2018) CC

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(12), 2626; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122626 Climate change is increasing risks to human health and to the health systems that seek to protect the safety and well-being of populations. Health authorities require information about current associatio... more

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Moving as One. Integrating the Health and Climate Agendas for Planetary Health in a Post-Pandemic World

IASS Potsdam (2020) C2

Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, health is receiving unprecedented public and political attention. Yet the fact that climate change also presents us with a health crisis deserves further recognition. From more deaths due to heat stress to increased transmission of infectious diseases, ... more

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Community-Based Interventions for the Prevention and Control of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review

Polidano, K., Wenning, B., Ruiz-Cadavid, A. et al. Social Sciences (2022) CC

We reviewed the evidence on community-based interventions for the prevention and control of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Community initiatives tailored towards awareness and mobilisation are regarded as a priority area in the Neglected Tropical Disease Roadmap 2021–2030 by the World Health Organi... more

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Healthy Nutrition and Physical Activity Guide for Parents and Caregivers of Children Aged 6-10 (in Russian) (2020)

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2020) CC

To help parents keep their children healthy and fit, WHO has developed the Child Nutrition and Physical Activity Guide. In addition to parents, the guide may prove to be a useful tool for other adults (such as grandparents or caregivers) working with primary school-aged children. The Child Nutrit... more

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Current epidemiological evidence for predisposition to high or low intensity human helminth infection: a systematic review

Wright J.E., Werkman M., Dunn J.C. et al Parasites and Vectors (2018) C2

Background: The human helminth infections include ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infections, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis (LF) and onchocerciasis. It is estimated that almost 2 billion people worldwide are infected with helminths. Whilst the WHO treatment guidelines for helminth infecti...ons are mostly aimed at controlling morbidity, there has been a recent shift with some countries moving towards goals of disease elimination through mass drug administration, especially for LF and onchocerciasis. However, as prevalence is driven lower, treating entire populations may no longer be the most efficient or cost-effective strategy. Instead, it may be beneficial to identify individuals or demographic groups who are persistently infected, often termed as being “predisposed” to infection, and target treatment at them. Methods: The authors searched Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, and Web of Science for all English language, humanbased papers investigating predisposition to helminth infections published up to October 31st, 2017. The varying definitions used to describe predisposition, and the statistical tests used to determine its presence, are summarised. Evidence for predisposition is presented, stratified by helminth species, and risk factors for predisposition to infection are identified and discussed. Results: In total, 43 papers were identified, summarising results from 34 different studies in 23 countries. Consistent evidence of predisposition to infection with certain species of human helminth was identified. Children were regularly found to experience greater predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium than adults. Females were found to be more predisposed to A. lumbricoides infection than were males. Household clustering of infection was identified for A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and S. japonicum. Ascaris lumbricoides and T. trichiura also showed evidence of familial predisposition. Whilst strong evidence for predisposition to hookworm infection was identified, findings with regards to which groups were affected were considerably more varied than for other helminth species. Conclusion: This review has found consistent evidence of predisposition to heavy (and light) infection for certain human helminth species. However, further research is needed to identify reasons for the reported differences between demographic groups. Molecular epidemiological methods associated with whole genome sequencing to determine ‘who infects whom’ may shed more light on the factors generating predisposition. more

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Do Disability Inequalities Grow with Development? Evidence from 40 Countries

Lewis, E.; Mitra, S.; Yap, J. Sustainability (2022) CC

With development, people around the world have become wealthier and live longer. At the same time, development can lead to growing inequalities within and between nations. This paper analyses inequalities related to disability and how they vary across countries by development level. Using internatio... more

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National spending on health by source for 184 countries between 2013 and 2040

Dieleman, J.; Templin, T.; Sadat, N. et al. (2016) CC

A general consensus exists that as a country develops economically, health spending per capita rises and the share of that spending that is prepaid through government or private mechanisms also rises. However, the speed and magnitude of these changes vary substantially across countries, even at simi...lar levels of development. In this study, we use past trends and relationships to estimate future health spending, disaggregated by the source of those funds, to identify the financing trajectories that are likely to occur if current policies and trajectories evolve as expected. Methods We extracted data from WHO's Health Spending Observatory and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation's Financing Global Health 2015 report. We converted these data to a common purchasing power-adjusted and inflation-adjusted currency. We used a series of ensemble models and observed empirical norms to estimate future government out-of-pocket private prepaid health spending and development assistance for health. We aggregated each country's estimates to generate total health spending from 2013 to 2040 for 184 countries. We compared these estimates with each other and internationally recognised benchmarks. Findings Global spending on health is expected to increase from US$7·83 trillion in 2013 to $18·28 (uncertainty interval 14·42–22·24) trillion in 2040 (in 2010 purchasing power parity-adjusted dollars). We expect per-capita health spending to increase annually by 2·7% (1·9–3·4) in high-income countries, 3·4% (2·4–4·2) in upper-middle-income countries, 3·0% (2·3–3·6) in lower-middle-income countries, and 2·4% (1·6–3·1) in low-income countries. Given the gaps in current health spending, these rates provide no evidence of increasing parity in health spending. In 1995 and 2015, low-income countries spent $0·03 for every dollar spent in high-income countries, even after adjusting for purchasing power, and the same is projected for 2040. Most importantly, health spending in many low-income countries is expected to remain low. Estimates suggest that, by 2040, only one (3%) of 34 low-income countries and 36 (37%) of 98 middle-income countries will reach the Chatham House goal of 5% of gross domestic product consisting of government health spending. Interpretation Despite remarkable health gains, past health financing trends and relationships suggest that many low-income and lower-middle-income countries will not meet internationally set health spending targets and that spending gaps between low-income and high-income countries are unlikely to narrow unless substantive policy interventions occur. Although gains in health system efficiency can be used to make progress, current trends suggest that meaningful increases in health system resources will require concerted action. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. more

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Nepal: Leprosy Guideline 2070 (Nepali Version)
recommended

Government of Nepal Ministry of Health Department of Health Services Leprosy Control Division (2013) C1

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Rapid Case Management Form. Ebola Virus Disease, 16 May 2018.

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

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Protocolo de investigación de los primeros casos y sus contactos directos (FFX) de la enfermedad por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS (2020) C_WHO

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Philippines: Manual of Procedures of the National Tuberculosis Control Program 5th Edition
recommended

Department of Health (DOH) (2014) C1

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Paraguay: DHS, 1990 - Paraguay Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud 1990 - Resumen (Spanish)

Centro Paraguayo de Estudios de Población; DHS Program (1991) C2

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2013 Liberia Demographic and Health Survey. Key Results

Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS); Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW); ICF International (2014)

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Data for Action for Tuberculosis Key, Vulnerable and Underserved Populations

Stop TB Partnership (2017) C1

Working Document, September 2017

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India: Office Memorandum on 3 pronged strategy for Early Case Detection

Directorate General of Health Services, National Leprosy Eradication Programme, New Delhi (2015) C1

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Évaluation des Prestations des Services de soins de Santé (EPSS) 2017-2018. République Démocratique du Congo. Rapport de synthèse
recommended

Ecole de Santé Publique de Kinshasa (ESPK)Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo, DHS Programme, et al. (2019) CC

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Self-Study Modules on Tuberculosis

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2014) C_CDC

The CDC Self-Study Modules on Tuberculosis are a series of nine educational modules divided into two courses. The first course (Modules 1–5) provides fundamental information about tuberculosis, while the second course (Modules 6–9) offers more specific program-related details. These modules are ... more

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India: Guidelines on Quarterly assessment of New Case Detection Rate (NCDR) under National Leprosy Eradication Programme

National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) (2008) C1

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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: Surveillance and case definitions
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

From this website you can download the technical guidance, Interim case reporting form for 2019 Novel Coronavirus of confirmed and probable cases ; Template for line listing in Excel format and Data dictionary in Excel format . The documents are available in Arabic, Chinese, Englisch, French, Rus... more

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Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Street-Involved Children and Youths in Three Districts of Kathmandu Valley of Nepal Round I, 2016

National Center for AIDS and STD Control (2016) C1

Nepal: Leprosy Guideline 2070 (Nepali Version) recommended

Philippines: Manual of Procedures of the National Tuberculosis Control Program 5th Edition recommended

Évaluation des Prestations des Services de soins de Santé (EPSS) 2017-2018. République Démocratique du Congo. Rapport de synthèse recommended

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: Surveillance and case definitions recommended

Nepal: Leprosy Guideline 2070 (Nepali Version)
recommended

Philippines: Manual of Procedures of the National Tuberculosis Control Program 5th Edition
recommended

Évaluation des Prestations des Services de soins de Santé (EPSS) 2017-2018. République Démocratique du Congo. Rapport de synthèse
recommended

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: Surveillance and case definitions
recommended