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3
Lymphatic filariasis, commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease. Infection occurs when filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. When a mosquito with in
...
fective stage larvae bites a person, the parasites are deposited on the person’s skin from where they enter the body. The larvae then migrate to the lymphatic vessels where they develop into adult worms in the human lymphatic system.
more
The following technical report outlines the rationale, process and results of a joint research study, coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), co-chaired by the Ministry of Health and Social
...
Protection and the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development in collaboration with the Climate and Climate Air Coalition, the Stockholm Environment Institute, the Clean Air Institute and leading international and national experts. A rationale section describes the links between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, short-lived climate pollutants, air pollution and adverse health outcomes. A summary of the research study describes how scenarios were modelled to examine the health and economic implications of raising ambition in Colombia’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
more
En 2014, la soixante-septième Assemblée Mondiale de la Santé a exprimé sa préoccupation croissante au sujet de la situation
de la RAM, et elle a exhorté les pays membres
...
à renforcer leurs programmes d’action nationale ainsi que la collaboration
internationale. Dans sa résolution WHA67.25 l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) a recommandé que soit développé
un Plan d’Action Mondial pour lutter contre la RAM. Ce Plan a été adopté en mai 2015 et recommande notamment la mise en
place d’un système mondial de surveillance de la RAM (GLASS, Global Antimicrobial Résistance Surveillance System). L’objectif
de GLASS est de permettre la collecte, l’analyse et l’échange avec les pays de données standardisées, validées, comparables
sur la résistance aux antimicrobiens.
more
Website last accessed on 14.04.2023
Les trématodes d'origine alimentaire sont des zoonoses et leurs agents pathogènes ne peuvent être transmis à l'homme qu'après avoir accompli un cycle de vie complexe, dont certaines étapes se déroulent
...
dans un hôte animal intermédiaire. Les premiers hôtes intermédiaires de toutes les espèces de trématodes sont les escargots d'eau douce. Le deuxième hôte diffère selon l'espèce : dans le cas de la clonorchiase et de l'opisthorchiase, il s'agit de poissons d'eau douce, et dans le cas de la paragonimiase, de crustacés.
more
Throughout the Americas, populations are aging and the Region is undergoing a rapid demographic transition. The aging index, which reflects the size of the older age groups per 100 compared to children under age 15, clearly demonstrates the increase
...
in people aged 60 and older. Compared to global trends, the Region of the Americas will have a larger number of people aged 60 and older than children under 15 by 2030, which is approximately 25 years before the global average. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented an unparalleled health crisis around the world. The impact on older persons and those with underlying health conditions has highlighted the challenges of addressing the needs of older populations during a public health emergency. Given this demographic transition it is essential to think about preparedness of systems and services to address this population’s needs, including an increase in emergency planning and protection of older populations.
more
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition which generally has no symptoms and if left untreated, can lead to heart attacks, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure and blindness. Risk factors include older age, overweight or obesity, lack o
...
f physical activity, high salt/sodium intake, and high alcohol intake.
Hypertension affects around 1 in 6 adults in the Americas and is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in the region, responsible for around 2 million lives lost each year.
more
[Presentación] El presente libro, elaborado por integrantes de múltiples generaciones
de técnicos e investigadores salvadoreños dedicados a la enfermedad de Chagas, refleja claramente su actual situación epidemiológica, la evolución
hist
...
rica de la misma y los retos y perspectivas que la prevención, control
y atención médica de la enfermedad de Chagas presentan al país.
También se destaca el aporte de la Agencia de Cooperación Internacional del Japón (JICA), que junto con OPS en Centroamérica y CIDA Canadá en Honduras, han ocupado un capítulo fundamental en el desarrollo de la vigilancia y control de la Enfermedad de
Chagas.
more
The Country Cooperation Strategy is the World Health Organization’s corporate framework developed in response to a country’s needs and priorities. The 2022–2025 CCS is the fourth for WHO in Sierra Leone. It is
...
a medium-term strategic document that defines a broad framework for WHO’s work, at all levels, with the Government of Sierra Leone and all health partners for the next four years. This document is guided by the country’s major policy and strategy documents including the 2020 National Health and Sanitation Policy (NHSP); the 2021–2025 National Health Sector Strategic Plan (NHSSP); and the 2019–2023 National Medium-term Development Plan (NMTDP). The current CCS also reflects the broad priorities of WHO as outlined in its Thirteenth General Programme of Work (2019–2023, extended to 2025) with a focus on improving access to universal health coverage, protecting people from health emergencies, and improving people’s health and well-being. The CCS priorities are also in alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) in Sierra Leone and will contribute to attaining the country's SDG targets
more
Website last accessed on 23.06.2023
El micetoma es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica y progresivamente destructiva que afecta a la piel, el tejido subcutáneo, el músculo y el hueso.
Monitoramento efetivo, avaliação epidemiológica e análise subsequente são
necessários para atingir o objetivo de interromper a transmissão da FL. Este manual foi
elaborado para oferecer aos programas nacionais de eliminação da fi lariose
...
informação de qualidade sobre metodologias e procedimentos para monitoramento dos TC, avaliação adequada sobre se e quando ocorreu redução da infecção a níveis em que a transmissão provavelmente não é mais sustentável, implementação de vigilância adequada após a interrupção dos TCs para estabelecer se está ocorrendo recrudescência e medidas para comprovação da ausência de transmissão. O Manual oferece orientação geral aos programas nacionais e informações relevantes sobre questões técnicas são apresentadas nos anexos. Como as circunstâncias da vida real podem não corresponder a categorias pré-defi nidas, recomenda-se que se consultem a OMS e especialistas em situações complexas.
more
Financing Global Health 2017: Funding Universal Health Coverage and the Unfinished HIV/AIDS Agenda
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
(2018)
C2
In 2017, $37.4 billion of development assistance was provided to low- and middleincome countries to maintain or improve health. This amount is down slightly compared to 2016, and since 2010, development assistance for health (DAH) has grown at an annualized rate of 1.0%. While global development ass
...
istance for health has seemingly leveled off, global health spending continues to climb, outpacing economic growth in many countries. Total health spending for 2015, the most recent year for which data are available, was estimated to be $9.7 trillion (95% uncertainty interval: 9.7–9.8)*, up 4.7% (3.9–5.6) from the prior year, and accounted for 10% of the world’s total economy. With some sources of health spending growing and other types remaining steady, and with major variations in spending from country to country, it is more important than ever to understand where resources for health come from, where they go, and how they align with health needs. This information is critical for planning and is a necessary catalyst for change as we aim to close the gap on the unfinished agenda of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and move forward toward universal health coverage (UHC) in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) era.
more
La fiebre amarilla es una enfermedad endémica en varios países de América Latina. Con vistas a brindar apoyo a los responsables de la toma de decisiones para priorizar las acciones preventivas fr
...
ente a esta afección, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud presenta estos perfiles nacionales con una selección de datos concisa y exhaustiva de los países con endemicidad. En cada perfil se brinda un análisis de la situación actual del país, los factores ecológicos y climáticos asociados a la enfermedad, la distribución e incidencia de los vectores, y las claves de la actividad arboviral. Asimismo, se incluye una perspectiva histórica de la epidemiología y un resumen del estado de la vacunación contra la enfermedad en el país.
more
La fièvre jaune est endémique dans plusieurs pays d'Amérique latine. Afin d'aider les décideurs à hiérarchiser les actions de prévention contre cette maladie, l'Organisation panaméricaine de la santé présente ces profils de pays avec une s
...
élection concise et complète de données provenant des pays endémiques. Chaque profil fournit une analyse de la situation actuelle du pays, des facteurs écologiques et climatiques associés à la maladie, de la distribution et de l'incidence des vecteurs, ainsi que des principales activités des arbovirus. Il comprend également une perspective historique de l'épidémiologie et un résumé de la situation de la vaccination contre la maladie dans le pays.
more
In sum, the goal is to understand the need to increase fiscal space for health as a prerequisite, but within the framework of efforts to transform the health system. These changes should foster equitable and efficient expenditures and create or stre
...
ngthen comprehensive integrated health systems with a first level of care capable of solving health problems and coordinating networks, based on a primary health care approach that offers not only curative care but also health promotion and disease prevention services.
more
Unfortunately, current data available on SDG financing are not sufficient to quantify the distribution of financing for the SDGs.
AidData’s methodology for measuring financing to the SDGs attempts to fill this gap by analyzing development project documentation to estimate project-level contributi
...
ons to the SDGs (and their associated targets). This methodology lets us see where development financing is targeted, allowing comparisons among SDG goals and individual SDG targets.
This methodology note describes two iterations of AidData’s methodology. The first, based on a crosswalk with existing aid reporting schemes, was employed for AidData’s 2017 flagship report Realizing Agenda 2030: Will donor dollars and country priorities align with global goals? and our brief Financing the SDGs in Colombia. The second iteration of the methodology employs a direct coding scheme, linking development projects directly to the SDGs through analysis and coding of project descriptions rather than through an intermediary classification system. This method was employed for our 2019 brief Financing the SDGs: Evidence in Four Countries.
more
Following publication of the original article, the authors reported a conversion error that concerned the estimated amounts of development assistance for health (DAH) for 2012–2015; when the authors converted the current prices of 2012–2015 to t
...
he constant prices of 2016 using the gross domestic product (GDP) deflator, they erroneously multiplied the current prices by the GDP deflator instead of dividing them.
more
As of 30 June 2023, globally, a total of 24 countries reported AWD/cholera outbreaks. In the Eastern Mediterranean Region of WHO, 8 countries namely, Afghanistan, Iraq, Islamic Republic of Iran, Lebanon, Pakistan, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen have repo
...
rted Acute Watery Diarrhea (AWD)/ suspected cholera cases during 2022. In 2023, 6 out of these 8 countries continued to report AWD/ suspected cholera cases in 2023.
more
Corruption is embedded in health systems. Throughout my life—as a researcher, public health worker, and a Minister of Health—I have been able to see entrenched dishonesty and fraud. But despite
...
being one of the most important barriers to implementing universal health coverage around the world, corruption is rarely openly discussed. In this Lecture, I outline the magnitude of the problem of corruption, how it started, and what is happening now. I also outline people's fears around the topic, what is needed to address corruption, and the responsibilities of the academic and research communities in all countries, irrespective of their level of economic development. Policy makers, researchers, and funders need to think about corruption as an important area of research in the same way we think about diseases. If we are really aiming to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and ensure healthy lives for all, corruption in global health must no longer be an open secret.
more
Multiple pandemics, numerous outbreaks, thousands of lives lost and billions of dollars of national income wiped out—all since the turn of this century, in barely 17 years—and yet the world’s investments in pandemic preparedness and response remain woefully inadequate. We know by now that the
...
world will see another pandemic in the not-too-distant future; that random mutations occur often enough in microbes that help them survive and adapt; that new pathogens will inevitably find a way to break through our defenses; and that there is the increased potential for intentional or accidental release of a synthesized agent. Every expert commentary and every analysis in recent years tells us that the costs of inaction are immense. And yet, as
the havoc caused by the last outbreak turns into a fading memory, we become complacent and relegate the case for investing in preparedness on a back burner, only to bring it to the forefront when the next outbreak occurs. The result is that the world remains scarily vulnerable.
more
There is growing understanding and high-level endorsement of the importance of strong collaborative multisectoral approaches to address a broad range of social, economic and governance issues for the prevention and control of noncommunicable disease
...
(NCDs) and mental health conditions. In 2019, World Health Organization (WHO) Member States requested the WHO Director-General to provide an analysis across countries of successful approaches for the prevention and control of NCDs that used multisectoral action. This WebAnnex to the Global mapping report on multisectoral actions to strengthen the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases and mental health conditions details experiences from around the world.
more
