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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc ... e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

National Standards for Midwives: (Core Competencies and Education)

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Health and Sports, Department of Health Professional Resource Development and Management (2015) C1

ECDC/EFSA/EMA first joint report on the integrated analysis of the consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals

European Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ECDC (2015) C2

The ECDC, the EFSA and the EMA have for the first time jointly explored associations between consumption of antimicrobials in humans and food-producing animals, and antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and food-producing animals, using 2011 and 2012 data currently available from their re ... more

L’examen clinqiue des enfants, adolescents et leurs familles

T. Lempp; D. de Lange; D. Radeloff; C.Bachmann IACAPAP (2017) C2

Introduction Chapitre A.5 Edition en français Traduction : Eleanor O’Boyle Sous la direction de : Priscille Gérardin Avec le soutien de la SFPEADA

Surveillance, prevention and control of leishmaniases in the European Union and its neighbouring countries

European Centre for disease prevention and control (ECDC) European Centre for disease prevention and control (ECDC) (2022) C_CDC

This technical report presents the epidemiology of human and animal leishmaniases in the EU and its neighbouring countries and concludes that the disease remains widespread and underreported in many countries of southern Europe, northern Africa, and the Middle East and that there is a need to improv ... more

Zimbabwe: MEDICINES AND ALLIED SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT

(2001) C2

CHAPTER 15:03 | Acts 14/1969, 62/1971, 35/1974, 20/1978, 41/1978 (s. 35) 39/1979, 7/1987, 11/1988, 18/1989 (s. 27), 1/1996, 6/2000, 22/2001; R.G.N. 899/1978.

Women and drugs - Drug use, drug supply and their consequences

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2018) C2

World Drug Report 2018 -5-

Living Planet Report 2020 - Bending the curve of biodiversity loss

World Wildlife Fund for Nature WWF (2020) C2

At a time when the world is reeling from the deepest global disruption and health crisis of a lifetime, this year’s Living Planet report provides unequivocal and alarming evidence that nature is unraveling and that our planet is flashing red warning signs of vital natural systems failure. The ... more

Community health worker support to improve HIV treatment outcomes for older children and adolescents in Zimbabwe: a process evaluation of the ZENITH trial

C. D. Chikwari; V. Simms; Joanna Busza; et al. Implementation Science; BMC (2018) CC

Dziva Chikwari et al. Implementation Science (2018) 13:70 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-018-0762-5

Standard Treatment Guidline: Management of Snake Bite

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare - Government of India (2016) CC

Snakebite is an acute life threatening time limiting medical emergency. It is a preventable public health hazard often faced by rural population in tropical and subtropical countries with heavy rainfall and humid climate.

Manual Lineamientos Base Para La Formulación De Definiciones De Caso En Vigilancia En Salud Pública Aplicación en COVID-19

Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social Bogotá, Colombia (2020) CC

Social science and behavioural data compilation, DRC Ebola outbreak, June - August 2019

Bardosh, K.; T. Jones and J. Bedford Social Science in Humanitarian Action: A Communication for Development Platform (2019) C1

This rapid compilation of data analyses provides a ‘stock-take’ of social science and behavioural data related to the on-going outbreak of Ebola in North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri provinces. Based on data gathered and analysed by organisations working in the Ebola response and in the region mor ... more

Guidelines on the provision of Manual Wheelchairs in less resourced settings

World Health Organization; USAID; ISPO (2008) C_WHO

Recommendations for management of common childhood conditions
recommended

World Health Organization (2012)

Evidence for technical update of pocket book recommendations. Newborn conditions, dysentery, pneumonia, oxygen use and delivery, common causes of fever, severe acute malnutrition and supportive care

Liberia WASH Package (6): Healthcare Waste Management

Ministry of Health, Liberia; WHO; UNICEF (2015) C_WHO

Prehospital trauma care systems

Sasser S,Varghese M, Kellermann A, Lormand JD. World Health Organization (2005) C_WHO

This manual provides guidance for policymakers on the issue of prehospital trauma care systems. The main areas covered include the organisation of the prehospital trauma care system, capacity development, data collection, transportation and communication, as well as ethical and legal considerations ... more

Infant and young child feeding

World Health Organization WHO (2009) C_WHO

Model Chapter for textbooks for medical students and allied health professionals

Campus to Clinic Manual. Mentoring Guide for Facilitators

ICAP Nurse Capacity Initiative ICAP; PEPFAR (2013) CC

Building the competence and confidence of nurse and midwife educators ICAP Nurse Capacity Initiative offers its Campus to Clinic Curriculum to empower nursing educators and mentors with a new area of expertise. It opens the door to teach in new ways with confidence. It can be adapted to different c ... more

Primary Trauma Care Manual - A Manual for Trauma Management in District and Remote Locations
recommended

World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists; Royal College of Anaesthetists (2010) CC

Recherche des Contacts Pendant une Flambée de Maladie à Virus Ebola

World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa; (2014)