European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
4
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan (The Focus Group Consulting)
4
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe
4
B. Birmaher
3
C. Daniels, et al.
3
FG Consulting Group, C. Daniels, C. Smyth et al.
3
Inter-agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in CrisesInternational Rescue Committee
3
P. Gomes de Alvarenga
3
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
3
R. S. Diler
3
UNFPA
3
UNOPS, Stop TB Partnership et al.
3
World Health Organization Europe
3
A. Turkova
2
and I. Feijo
2
BMC Medicine
2
bmj
2
BMJ Global Health
2
BMJ Open
2
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
2
D. Daley
2
D. Mark
2
D. Richardson
2
de Carvalho-Pinto, R. M.
2
Delfini Cançado, J. E.
2
Department of Health, Republic of South Africa
2
E. Sonuga-Barke
2
ERS
2
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2
First Draft, Yale Insitute for Global Health
2
Frontiers in Public Health
2
Global Health Action
2
ICF International
2
Indonesian Heart Association
2
International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions
2
International Crisis Group
2
Ipas
2
J.
2
J. J. Hudziak
2
JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
2
K. O’Loughlin
2
M. Archary
2
M. Conceição do Rosário
2
Malaria Consortium
2
Malaria Journal
2
Menezes Pizzichini, M. M.
2
Mortimer, K.
2
OPAS
2
Organización Mundial de la Salud (Américas)
2
Organización Panamericana de la Salud
2
Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS)
2
Ovid
2
Pan American Health Organization PAHO
2
PEPFAR
2
PMC
2
Pretoria University Law Press (PULP)
2
Pub Med
2
R. S. Mastrorosa
2
Reddel, H. K.
2
Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO)
2
Robert-Koch-Institut RKI
2
Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF International
2
Routledge
2
Sallam, M.
2
SCMS
2
Social Science in Humanitarian Action: A Communication for Development Platform
2
Starling
2
The Lancet
2
The Public Good Projects
2
UNESCO's International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC)
2
WHO and DOH Philippines
2
World Health Organization (Europe)
2
World Health Organization (WHO) & The World Bank (WB)
2
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
2
X. Chen
2
390: 898&ndash
1
912
1
A. A. Olashore
1
A. Alebel
1
A. Bello Cherifath
1
A. Benzacar
1
A. Chiumento
1
A. Delpak, et al.
1
A. Fuchs
1
A. G. Lentoor
1
A. Gebrie
1
A. J. Flisher
1
A. L. Drake
1
A. Nasheeda
1
A. Pawlowski, M. Jansson, M. Sköld, et al.
1
A. Ronan
1
A. Roy, M. Eisenhut, R. . Harris, et al.
1
A. Tandon et al.
1
A. Warnke
1
A.-C. ZK Bissek
1
A.B. A. Boxall, D. W. Kolpin, et al.
1
Aarthi, G.R.
1
Abdala, M et al
1
Abeje Fekadu, G. F. Ambaw Getahun
1
Abhaskhanian, A.
1
Ablo Prudence Wachinou, Serge Ade, Gildas Agodokpessi, Berenice Awanou, Dissou Affolabi, Wilfried Bekou, Marius Esse, Gabriel Ade, Severin Anagonou, Anthony D. Harries,1Programme National contre la Tuberculose (PNT), Cotonou, Bénin
1
Abubakar, A.
1
Access Campaign, Médecins sans Frontières
1
Ackumey, M.M.
1
ACT Watch Group et al
1
Adams, J
1
AECT
1
Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
1
African Evaluation Journal
1
African Union
1
AidData at William & Mary
1
AIDS
1
Aidsfonds
1
Al Delaimy W., Ramanathan V., Sanchez Sorondo M. et al.
1
Al Ju’beh K
1
Al Moosawi, S.
1
Alice Mark
1
Aliga C., Mutyabule J., Nakate G., et al.
1
Alipanah N, Jarlsberg L et al.
1
Allied Publishers Private LTD.
1
ALNAP
1
ALNAP, Provention Consortium
1
Alonso-Sardón, M.
1
Alves, C.
1
Alzheimer's Disease International
1
Ana Carvajal, José Félix Oletta López, Alejandro Rísquez
1
Anand, S.
1
and C. Sabine
1
and D. Samarashinghe
1
and F. Morgado
1
and I.Falkenberg
1
and J. M. Cohen
1
and S. Ayenalam Kidanie
1
and S. Mauder
1
and S.J. Mason
1
AOSIS Publishing
1
Arbeitskreises Blut des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit
1
Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
1
Assaf, Shireen, Sarah Staveteig, and Francine Birungi
1
Association of Indonesian Continents
1
Australian Women's Health Network
1
Ayele, Wubegzier Mekonnen
1
Åsa Hammar and Guro Årdal
1
B. C. Zanoni
1
B. Frank‐Hatitchki: O. Ogunwobi
1
B. Parks et al.
1
B. Tesfaye
1
Balakasi, K.
1
Banda, H.T. et al.
1
Banerjee, A.
1
Bangpan, M
1
Baraldi, E.
1
Bateman, E. D.
1
Batista, C.
1
Becker, A.
1
Begum, T. S. M.
1
Benson Igboin
1
Berkowitz, A.L.
1
Berry, P.
1
Biancovilli, p.
1
Bigna J. J., M.A. Amougou
1
Bio Med Central
1
Bischöfliches Hilfswerk MISEREOR, Brot für die Welt, Global Policy Forum
1
BMA
1
BMC Health Services Research
1
Bogousslavsky, J.
1
Börjesson, E., Pedersen, K., & Villa Torres, L.
1
Braae, U.
1
Bradshaw, C.
1
Brand, P.L. et al.
1
Briegel, J.
1
British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation
1
Brown, T.
1
Bruno Martorano, Laura Metzger, Marco Sanfilippo
1
Buliva E., Elnossery S., Okwarah P. et al.
1
Bundesgesundheitsblatt
1
Burns, J.
1
Bwalya, Bupe B., Mulenga C. Mulenga, and James N. Mulenga
1
C. Kouambeng, R. Wounang et. al.
1
C. Freeman
1
C. Hoffmann und J. K. Rockstroh
1
C. Kwakye-Maclean, E. O. Ampadu et al.
1
C. Mpody, et al.
1
C. Murray
1
C. Perplies
1
C. Quinn
1
C. Redick
1
C. S. Yaha
1
C. Thomson
1
C. Wilcox, L. Lebreton et al.
1
Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA)
1
Cappa, C.
1
Care, et al.
1
Carla Cabral dos Santos Accioly Lins
1
Castro, A.
1
CBM
1
CDC
1
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC
1
Centers of Disease Control CDC
1
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health CAMH
1
Chayn
1
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
1
Chou-Zen Giam
1
Christie, I.
1
Christoffel Blinden Mission (CBM)
1
Christopher J.L. Murray1 & Julio Frenk
1
Chu, D.K.
1
Ciais, P.
1
Cindil Redick& annah Sarah Faich Dini
1
Circulation
1
Cleary A. , Braubach M.
1
Cochrane Library
1
Colón-González, F.J.
1
Convention on Biological Diversity
1
Craig, J.
1
Current Opinion in Psychiatry
1
Current Tropical Medicines Report
1
D. B. Evans
1
D. Daniels
1
D. Daniels, C. Smyth, et al.
1
D. Daniels, et al.
1
D. Ford
1
D. Giacco, and Rawda El-Nagib.
1
D. Gyamfi Amoako, R. Carrel Founou, et al.
1
D. J. Jackson
1
D. Luo
1
D. Ruiz
1
D. S. Nsagha
1
Dalutira, G.D.
1
Damialis, A.
1
Daniele M.A., Ganaba R., Sarrassat S. et. al.
1
Dasandi, N.
1
David Sanderson and Paul Knox-Clarke
1
DeFilipps, Robert A.
1
Department of Health and Human Services
1
Department of Health Research Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
1
Development Pathways
1
DHHS Publication
1
Dovepress
1
Doyle, M.P.
1
Dreher, A.
1
Dunbar, E.L. et al.
1
Durão, S.
1
Dutch Association of Abortion Specialists (NGvA)
1
Dwyer, S.C.
1
E van‘t Hof, P Cuijpers, W Waheed, DJ Stein
1
E. A. Cooreman
1
E. André
1
E. Chiappini
1
E. Geng
1
E. J. Abrams
1
E. Tambo
1
E. Venturini
1
E. Zhou
1
E.A Akl, S. Duda, et al.
1
EACS (European AIDS Clinical Society)
1
Elsevier
1
Emanuel, E.J., et al.
1
END TBc1
1
Environment International
1
Eriksen, M.
1
Erwinanto, A. Santoso, J. N. E. Putranto, et al.,
1
et al
1
et al. (Джеймса Баера
1
et al.)
1
EuroHealth Observer
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC
1
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
1
European Network for Diagnostics of Imported Viral Diseases
1
European Neurology
1
European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Eurostation
1
European Respiratory Journal
1
European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases EUCAST
1
European Union
1
European University Institute
1
Eurosurveillance (Europe’s journal on infectious disease epidemiology, prevention and control)
1
Evangelia Kampouri, Shyma Jundi, Nida Sheriff et al.
1
Evangelina IN, Inês T, Miguelhete L et al
1
Eyring V., Gillett N. P., et al.
1
F. Griffiths, and J. Goudge
1
F. Lambert
1
FAO
1
Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA)
1
Ference, B.A.
1
Ferraretto, L.A.
1
FIND
1
Fiona Charlson, Suhailah Ali, Jura Augustinavicius et al.
1
Fontaine, Julie
1
Forsyth, C.
1
Founou, L.L.
1
Frank, Ti.
1
Frase N. S.
1
Freedman, B.
1
Frewer, A.
1
Frontiers in Pediatrics
1
G. Ayala
1
G. B. Migliori, E. Pontali, G. Sotgiu, et al.
1
G. Behrens
1
G. H. Loneragan, H. M. Scott et al.
1
G. Jonsson
1
G. M. Kassa
1
G. Ooms
1
G.H. Wills, E. Wobudeya, et al.
1
Geneva Global Health Hub
1
George, G., Atujuna, M. & Gow, J.
1
Gillini, L.
1
Gilma Mantilla
1
Global Fund
1
Global Heart
1
Gojka Roglic, Cherian Varghese, Leanne Riley et al.
1
Govender, K.
1
Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health
1
Government of the Kingdom of Swaziland Ministry of Health, the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, USAID, and SPS
1
Graham H., Lampard P., et al.
1
Gulev S. K., Thorne P. W. et al.
1
Gunton R. M., Hejnowicz A.P.
1
Gupta, R.
1
H. B. Abdullah
1
H. Furtmayr, K. Krása
1
H. S. Faich Dini
1
H. Soeters
1
H.N.C. Yoder, W..Tol, R. Reis and J.T.V.M. deJong
1
Halpin, E., Kugathasan, V., Hulbert, C., Alvarez-Jimenez, M. & Bendall, S
1
Hantera, M.
1
Harrison, J.A.K.
1
Harvard Global Health Institute
1
Health Policy Project
1
HEAT, UNICEF, Open University, AMREF, WHO
1
Helen Killaspy, Peter McPherson, Chiara Samele, Rene Keet, JM Caldas de Almeida
1
Heliyon
1
HelpAge
1
Hepatology Society of the Philippines (HSP)
1
Herazo, F.
1
Herdy, A.H.
1
Hesperian
1
Hiller, R.M., Meiser-Stedman, R., Fearon, P., Lobo, S., McKinnon, A., Fraser, A. & Halligan, S.L.
1
Hindricks, G.
1
HIP Family Planning High Impact Practices
1
HIV i-BASE/TREATMENT ACTION GROUP
1
HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care
1
hler, Oliver Razum, Jean-Olivier Schmidt
1
Hopkins, D.
1
Hosny, H.
1
Howes, O.D.
1
HRSA
1
Hsia Y., B. R Lee, A. Versporten, et al
1
Hua Fu
1
Huffman, M. et al.
1
Humanitarian Advisory Group
1
Hunter, R.F.
1
I. Faturiyele, D. Karletsos, K. Ntene-Sealiete, et al.
1
I. Feijo
1
I. Steffens
1
I. T. Katz
1
ICRC and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1
Ihana Thaís Guerra de Oliveira Gondim
1
Ilona Kickbusch, Christian Franz, Anna Holzscheiter, Iris Hunger, Albrecht Jahn, Carsten Kö
1
Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
1
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
1
Indian Council of Medical Research - Department of Health Research
1
Indian Journal of Medical Ethics
1
Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine
1
Indonesian Urological Association
1
Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung, Universität Bremen
1
Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB)
1
International Diabetes Federation
1
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1
International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies
1
International Journal of Adolescence and Youth
1
International Journal of Development Research
1
International Journal of Mental Health Systems
1
International Journal of Molecular Scienes
1
International Pharmaceutical Federation
1
International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG
1
International Research Institute for Climate and Society
1
International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, World Health Organization
1
IntraHealth International
1
IOP Science
1
IPCC
1
IR3S
1
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
1
J. Ananworanich
1
J. Ayieko, L. Abuogi, B. Simchowitz, et al.
1
J. Bear
1
J. Butler
1
J. de Jesus Mari, D. Razzouk, R. Thara, et al.
1
J. E. Haberer
1
J. Gao
1
J. Kaner and S.Schaack
1
J. M. Humphrey
1
J. Njala
1
J. Starling
1
J. Turan
1
J.E. Suk, D. Fischer et al.
1
J.P.Valenzuela and E. Palaganas
1
Jahit S, David WD
1
Janoske M, Liu B, Sheppard B
1
Jara A., Undurraga E. A. et al
1
Jens Martens and Karolin Seitz
1
Jessica Meeker, Stephen Thompson, Inka Barnett
1
JNHRC
1
Journal of Clinical Medicine
1
Journal of Infection and Public Health
1
Journal of the International AIDS Society
1
Journal of Tuberculosis Research
1
Journal of Virus Eradication
1
K. A. Thomson
1
K. Davtyan, H. Davtyan, et al.
1
K. Dickson
1
K. Hagmaier
1
K. Hiban, I. Frost, et al.
1
K. Kleineidam, L.Bakken, et al.
1
K. Kruja
1
K. Sorsdahl
1
K. Suzuki, R. E. Simmonds et al.
1
K. Wilson
1
K.L Tang, N.P Caffrey, D.B Nóbrega, et al.
1
Kabare K.
1
Kabré, I. et al.
1
Kafle KK., Karkee SB., Shrestha N., et al.
1
Kallander, K.
1
Kang Yiu Lai, Wing Yiu George Ng and Fan Fanny Cheng
1
Karmali, D.
1
Kate Kerber, Stefan Peterson & Peter Waiswa
1
Kelly Puent
1
Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC)
1
Kirsten Thomson
1
Klein O. et al
1
Kompetenznetz Pulic Health Covid-19
1
Kopittke, P.M.
1
Krupnick, Gary A.
1
Kumar Roy., S. and S. Bhattacharjee
1
Kunda J., Gosling S., Foody G. et al.
1
Kurowski, C.
1
L. Biddle
1
L. C. M. Lebreton, H. S. Carson et al.
1
L. Cai
1
L. L. Abuogi
1
L. Makszin and C.Jurberg
1
L. Nyblade
1
L. S. Fong
1
L. Schölin
1
L. Zhou
1
L.-A. Long
1
La Sociedad Argentina de Infectología S.A.D.I.
1
Lancet 2017;
1
Laurant M, van der Biezen M, Wijers N et al.
1
Laurence Cibrelus
1
Lawrence, E.
1
Ledingham, K.
1
Libby Cohen
1
Liebau, L.
1
Limeira, C.
1
Linju Maria, J.
1
Lopez-Bernus, A. et al
1
López-Jiménez, F.
1
Lukito, A.A., A.U. Rahajoe, L.I. Rilantono, et al.,
1
M. Aman
1
M. C. D. N. Vodouhe, L. Fakambi
1
M. Ferrin
1
M. Fritzsche
1
M. Gallardo, et al.
1
M. Hart
1
M. J. Stirratt
1
M. Odhiambo Sewe, A.M Tompkins et al.
1
M.J. Nieuwenhuijsen, M. Gascon
1
M.N. Ngongondo
1
MacQuarrie, Kerry L.D., Sarah E.K. Bradley, Alison Gemmill, and Sarah Staveteig
1
Madkour, A.
1
Mailloux, N.A. et al.
1
Maite Ferrin
1
Maitland, K.
1
Mamel Quelapio, Maria Idrissova, Gunta Dravniece et al.
1
MAMI, Irish Aid, Eleanor Crook Foundation
1
Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales Coriolano
1
Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Michael Bauer and Lars Vedel Kessing
1
Marina Smelyanskaya, John Duncan
1
Mark F. Cotton
1
Mark, A.
1
Marselle M., Stadler J., Korn H., et al.
1
Martin Kayitale Mbonye, Sarah M Burnett, Robert Colebunders, et al.
1
Marvin L. Birnbaum
1
Masekela, R.
1
Massoda Tonye, S.G.
1
Maternal & Childhealth Advocacy International MCAI
1
Maurice T. Agonnoude, François Champagne, Nicole Leduc
1
McKee, M.
1
McKimm J., Redvers N., El Omrani O., et al.
1
Medizin Fokus Verlag
1
Mehta, M.K.
1
Mesic, Anita
1
Mews, C.
1
Meyfroidt, P.
1
mhGAP
1
MI. Troya,B. Bartlam, and C. A. Chew-Graham
1
Military Medical Research
1
Ministerio de Salud - Colombia
1
Ministerio de Salud de Chile
1
Ministerio de Salud El Salvador
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, PNLS
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Haiti
1
Ministry of Health & Social Welfare India
1
Ministry of Health, Botswana
1
Ministry of Health, Botswana;
1
Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
1
Ministry of Public Health, Quatar
1
Misterio de Salud Peru
1
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report MMWR
1
Morse, J.M.
1
Mphande, M.
1
mPowering Frontline Health Workers
1
Mshelbwala, P.
1
Mukaratirwa, S. et al.
1
Muntean Al., Popa M.
1
Muñiz F. J., de Casado G. C. , et al.
1
N. B. Ahmed
1
N. B. Carbone
1
N. Davies
1
N. K. Nor
1
N. N. Fido
1
N. Nguyen
1
Nalbandian, A.
1
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Government of Nigeria
1
National Department of Health South Africa
1
National Health Accounts Technical Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of india
1
National Health Mission
1
National Libary of Medicine
1
Nature Scientific Reports
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
The current global crises, including climate, COVID-19, and environmental change, requires global collective action at all scales. These broad socio-ecological challenges require the engagement of diverse perspectives and ways of knowing and the meaningful engagement of all generations and stages of... personal and professional development. The combination of systems thinking, change management, quality improvement approaches and models, appreciative/strength-based approaches, narratives, storytelling and the strengths of Indigenous knowledges, offer synergies and potential that can set the stage for transformative, strengths-based education for sustainable healthcare (ESH).more
Временные рекомендации
13 марта 2020 г.
Настоящий документ является вторым изданием руководства (версия 1.2), которое первоначально представляло собой адаптированн...ый вариант Руководства по клиническому ведению тяжелой острой респираторной инфекции при подозрении на инфекцию MERS-CoV (ВОЗ, 2019 г.).more
Временные руководящие принципы 1 декабря 2020 года. Обновленная версия
В этом документе представлено обновленное руководство по использованию масок в медицинских ...чреждениях и в общественных местах, а также при уходе за больными КОВИД-19 на дому. Он предназначен для разработчиков политики, специалистов в области общественного здравоохранения и профилактики и контроля инфекций, менеджеров здравоохранения и медицинских работников.
Приложение содержит рекомендации по изготовлению немедицинских масок. Оно предназначено для тех, кто производит немедицинские маски на дому и для производителей масок.more
Policy brief, 24 July 2020
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected older people disproportionately, especially those living in long-term care facilities. In many countries, evidence shows that more than 40% of COVID-19 related deaths have been linked to long-term care facilities, with figures being as h...igh as 80% in some high-income countries. Concerted action is needed to mitigate the impact across all aspects of long-term care, including home- and community-based care, given that most users and providers of care are those who are vulnerable to severe COVID-19.
This policy brief provides 11 policy objectives and key action points to prevent and manage COVID-19 across long-term care. Its intended audience is policy makers and authorities (national, subnational and local) involved in the COVID-19 pandemic. The brief builds on currently available evidence on the measures taken to prevent, prepare for and respond to the COVID‑19 pandemic across long-term care services including care providersmore
Published: November 24, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000938
Climate change is expected to have complex effects on infectious diseases, causing some to increase, others to decrease, and many to shift their distributions. There have been several important advances in understanding the ...role of climate and climate change on wildlife and human infectious disease dynamics over the past several years. This essay examines 3 major areas of advancement, which include improvements to mechanistic disease models, investigations into the importance of climate variability to disease dynamics, and understanding the consequences of thermal mismatches between host and parasites. Applying the new information derived from these advances to climate–disease models and addressing the pressing knowledge gaps that we identify should improve the capacity to predict how climate change will affect disease risk for both wildlife and humans.more
The Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) fulfills that mandate in two volumes. This report, Volume II, draws on the foundational science described in Volume I, the Climate Science Special Report (CSSR).2 Volume II focuses on the human welfare, societal, and environmental elements of climate cha...nge and variability for 10 regions and 18 national topics, with particular attention paid to observed and projected risks, impacts, consideration of risk reduction, and implications under different mitigation pathways. Where possible, NCA4 Volume II provides examples of actions underway in communities across the United States to reduce the risks associated with climate change, increase resilience, and improve livelihoods.more
Journal of Tuberculosis Research, 2017, 5, 189-200
Background: In Benin, little is known about the influence of both gender and
HIV-status on diagnostic patterns and treatment outcomes of Tuberculosis
(TB) patients. Objective: To assess whether differences in gender and HIV
status affect diagn...ostic patterns and treatment outcomes of TB patients. Methods:
Retrospective cohort study of patients registered in 2013 and 2014 in
the three largest TB Basic Management Units in south Benin. Results: Of 2694
registered TB patients, 1700 (63.1%) were male. Case notification rates were
higher in males compared with females (96 vs 53/100,000 inhabitants). The
male to female ratio was 1:1 in HIV positive patients, but was 2:1 among HIV
negative cases. In HIV-positive patients, there were no differences in TB types
between men and women. In HIV-negative patients, there were significantly
higher proportions of females with clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB (p =
0.04) and extrapulmonary TB (p < 0.001). Retreatment TB was 4.65 times
higher amongst males compared with females. For New bacteriologically confirmed
pulmonary TB, no differences were observed in treatment outcomes
between genders in the HIV positive group; but significantly more unfavorable
outcomes were reported among HIV negative males, with higher rates of
failure (p < 0.001) and loss-to-follow up (p = 0.02). Conclusion: The study
has shown that overall TB notification rates were higher in males than in females
in south Benin, with more females co-infected with HIV. Unfavorable outcomes were more common in HIV-negative males.more
Teil II beschreibt den wissenschaftlichen Sachstand zur Inflünzapandemieplanung und Inflünzapandemiebewältigung. Hierbei wird das RKI bei der Bewertung der wissenschaftlichen Informationen durch den Expertenbeirat Inflünza beraten. Der wissenschaftliche Teil dient als fachliche Grundlage... für Entscheidungen über Massnahmen zur Vorbereitung auf den Pandemiefall sowie Massnahmen im konkreten Pandemiefall.more