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Influencing food environments for healthy diets

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2016) C2

Food environments are usually defined as the settings with all the different types of food made available and accessible to people as they go about their daily lives. That is, the range of food in supermarkets, small retail outlets, wet markets, street food stalls, coffee shops, tea houses, s...chool canteens, restaurants, and all the other venues where people buy and eat food. These environments differ enormously depending on the context. They can be extensive and diverse, with a seemingly endless array of options and price ranges, or they can be sparse, with very few options on offer. Because they determine what food consumers can access at a given moment in time, at what price, and with what degree of convenience, food environments both constrain and prompt the consumer’s choice.Food environments are influenced by the food systems which supply them, and vice versa. Food systems encompass the entire range of activities, people and institutions involved in the production, processing, marketing, consumption and disposal of food (FAO, 2013). They include but are not limited to food supply chains. Making food systems nutrition-sensitive can contribute to addressing all forms of malnutrition, as food systems determine whether the food needed for good nutrition are available, affordable, acceptable and of adequate quantity and quality. How closely food systems and food environments are interrelated and interdependent, and the degree to which external factors affect nutrition outcomes, varies from setting to setting.Many of today’s food systems and food environments are challenged in supporting consumer choices that are consistent with healthy diets and good nutrition. Consumers are not making choices based on nutrition and health, and poor diet is now the number one risk factor for death and disability worldwide (GBD, 2015). Food systems that do not enable healthy diets are increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of malnutrition (GLOPAN, 2016), and malnutrition, irrespective of form, has a huge cost. Economic costs associated with undernutrition are estimated at $1-2 trillion per year, about 2-3% of global GDP (FAO, 2013); the global economic cost of obesity and associated diet-related non-communicable diseases is estimated at $2 trillion per year, about 2.8% of global GDP (McKinsey, 2014). Influencing food environments for promoting healthy diets is an emerging strategy to address today’s nutrition challenges. more

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Achieving Control of Asthma in Children in Africa (ACACIA): protocol of an observational study of children’s lung health in six sub-Saharan African countries

Mosler, G.; Oyenuga, V.; Addo-Yobo, E. et al. BMJ Open (2020) CC

Little is known about asthma control in the rising number of African children who suffer from this condition. The Achieving Control of Asthma in Children in Africa (ACACIA) study is an observational study collecting evidence about paediatric asthma in urban areas of Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, South Afr... more

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FEEDcities project: Food Environment Description in cities – eastern Europe and central Asia Sarajevo. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina (2019)

World Health Organization (2019) C_WHO

This technical report presents the results of a cross-sectional survey conducted in Sarajevo, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, between June and August 2017, as part of the FEEDcities Project (Food Environment Description in cities – eastern Europe and central Asia)... more

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Impact of health systems strengthening on coverage of maternal health services in Rwanda, 2000–2010: a systematic review

Maurice Bucagu, Jean M. Kagubare, Paulin Basinga, Fidèle Ngabo, Barbara K Timmons & Angela C Lee Reproductive Health Matters (2012) CC

From 2000 to 2010, Rwanda implemented comprehensive health sector reforms to strengthen the public health system, with the aim of reducing maternal and newborn deaths in line with Millennium Development Goal 5, among many other improvements in national health. Based on a systematic review of the lit... more

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Model disability survey (MDS): survey manual

World Health Organization (WHO) & The World Bank (WB) WHO (2017) CC

The World Health Organization's Model Disability Survey (MDS) Manual is a tool to help implement the MDS in countries and to improve the quality of the interview process. This manual is intended to provide practical information about the survey instruments and their use during interviews. This manua... more

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The sociodemographic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean

United Nations ECLAC (2022) C1

Latin America and the Caribbean is characterized by a matrix of social inequality whose axes —such as socioeconomic stratum, gender, stage in the life cycle, ethnicity and race, territory, disability, and immigration status— create multiple, often concurrent, situations of exclusion and discri... more

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Reconsidering Primary Prevention of HIV: New Steps Forward in the Global Response

Ayala, George; Chang, Judy et al. Global Forum on MSM & HIV (2017) C1

The uneven distribution of HIV risks and burdens across populations is a well-substantiated fact, though seldom publicly acknowledged. Gay men and other men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, sex workers, and transgender women are 24, 24, 13.5, and 49 times more likely to acquire HIV, ... more

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Kenya National Strategy for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 2015-2020
recommended

Ministry of Health, Kenya (2015) C1

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Alcohol and COVID-19 in the Americas

Pan American Health Organization (2021) C_WHO

This fact sheet highlights the relationship between alcohol consumption and COVID-19. Heavy episodic drinking is considered a health risk for COVID-19, and alcohol is used by some to cope with difficult emotions that increased during the pandemic.

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STAR-H: Strategic Toolkit for Assessing Risks in Health Facilities

Pan American Health Organization (2023) CC

Health facilities in the Region of the Americas frequently suffer the effects of health emergencies and disasters, which jeopardize their ability to provide services to the population. The STAR-H methodology helps staff responsible for health emergency and disaster risk management to identify and as... more

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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Selma Azabagic, Razija Spahic, Nurka Pranjic, and Maida Mulic materia socio-medica (2016) CC

Musculoskeletal disorders represent a significant problem of modern society which are more pronounced in young people and school children. Etiology of these disorders is found in inadequate ergonomic conditions, too heavy school bag, school furniture inadequate to age, poor posture, sedentary lifest... more

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Chagas disease key facts

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC IFRC (2022) C1

About six to seven million people worldwide, mostly in Latin America, are estimated to be infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite that causes Chagas disease (WHO data from 2021). Chagas disease is found mainly in endemic areas of 21 Latin American countries.

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Policy statement and recommended actions for lowering sugar intake and reducing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) C_WHO

The documents focus on promoting healthier nutrition by addressing issues like sugar, salt, and fat intake, emphasizing their role in non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart diseases. They include educational tools for children and adults to support balanced diets and public h... more

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The Role of Women's Empowerment in Influencing HIV Testing

Bashemera, Domitilla R., Martha J. Nhembo, and Grace Benedict ICF International (2013) C2

DHS Working Papers No. 101 Women’s empowerment, HIV testing, birth in past five years, Tanzania

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Contextual Influences of Modern Contraceptive Use among Rural Women in Rwanda and Nepal

Wang, Wenjuan, Soumya Alva, Rebecca Winter, and Clara Burgert ICF International (2013) C2

DHS Analytical Studies No. 41

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STRATEGY FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF OBESITY IN SOUTH AFRICA 2015–2020

Department of Health, Republic of South Africa (2016) C1

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The environmental footprint of health care: a global assessment

Lenzen, M.; A. Malik, M.Li, et al. (2020) CC

Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4: e271–79

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Compendium of WHO and other UN guidance on health and environment - 2022 update

World Health Organization WHO World Health Organization WHO; UN environment programme; UNDP; unicef (2022) C_WHO

The combined effects from ambient (outdoor) air pollution and indoor (household, in particular) air pollution cause approximately 7 million premature deaths every year, largely as a result of increased mortality from stroke, IHD, COPD, lung cancer and acute respiratory infections (1). Air pollution ... more

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Changes in HIV Prevalence among Men and Women between the 2005-06 and 2010-11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys

Mapako, Tonderai, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Maarten J. Postma, Marinus van Hulst, Janet Dzangare, Stellah Ngwende, John Mandisarisa, Ponesai Nyika, David A. Mvere, Owen Mugurungi, and Mufuta Tshimanga ICF International (2014) C2

DHS Working Papers No. 111 | Zimbabwe Working Papers No. 12

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Generic risk assessment model for indoor residual spraying of insecticides, 2nd ed.

World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) C_WHO

This document provides a generic model that can be used for risk assessment of exposure to insecticide products applied as indoor residual sprays. It aims to harmonize the risk assessment of such insecticides for public health use in order to generate comparable data for their registering and labell... more

Kenya National Strategy for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 2015-2020 recommended

Kenya National Strategy for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 2015-2020
recommended