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Community Health Worker Incentives in Malawi: Lessons Learned

USAID (2015) C1

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Cost–effectiveness of community-based practitioner programmes in Ethiopia, Indonesia and Kenya

Barbara McPake, Ijeoma Edoka, Sophie Witter, et al. World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) C_WHO

Bulletin of the World Health Organization Volume 93, Number 9, September 2015, 589-664

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Evaluation of Integrated Community Case Management in Eight Districts of Central Uganda

Denis Mubiru, Robert Byabasheija, John Baptist Bwanika, et al. (2015) CC

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Lessons from Uganda on Integrating the Integrated Community case management model, final report 2015

USAID (2015) C1

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Community home based care guidelines

University of Western Cape; University of Cape Town, Maastricht University et al. Learning Network (2014) CC

Community Health Committee Training

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Community-based home care for older people

International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies IFRC (2012)

Minimum standards of home care for older people in Red Cross Red Crescent volunteer-based programming in the Europe Zone

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Inclusion Through Community Based Rehabilitation

LIGHT FOR THE WORLD (2012) C1

Lessons learned in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia & Mozambique 2009 - 2011

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Community-Based Care for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Guide for Implementers

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (2011)

This guide provides practical, step-by-step guidance on how to organize, implement, and monitor community-based care for DR TB. It is equally useful for program planning or supervision. The target audience for this guide is TB Program Managers, governments, policy makers, nongovernmental organizatio... more

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Safe Male Circumcision Community Mobilization Training. A Guide for facilitators in Uganda

Safe Male Circumcision; Ministry of Health Uganda (2011) C1

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Community consultation on the role of peer support in the Retention of women, adolescents and children in HIV care and treatment

World Health Organization ( WHO Regional Office for Africa), ICW, Unicef, (2017) C_WHO

16-17 November 2017, Hotel Djeugua, Yaoundé, Cameroon Meeting Report December 2017

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Community-Based Rehabilitation Services in Low and Middle-Income Countries in the Asia-Pacific Region: Successes and Challenges in the Implementation of the CBR Matrix

Adela Cayetano, R.D.; and J. Elkins Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development Journal (DCIDJ) (2016) CC

Conclusion: CBR has improved the quality of life, access to medical services, functional independence, autonomy, community inclusion, and empowerment of people with disabilities in LMICs in the Asia-Pacific region. However, challenges in the implementation of CBR remain. These include lack of awaren... more

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Policy Brief No. 5 : Practices in Community-Based Health Initiatives

Aga Khan Health Services, Kenya (2015)

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Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) for people with disabilities in Nepal: an overview

Padmani Mendi & Romi Gurung Handicap International (2007) C2

This study examines over 20 years of CBR implementation in Nepal. It includes an overview of CBR interventions, provides analysis of approaches and activities in terms of impact and sustainability and makes recommendations for future developments in CBR. This resource is useful for people interested... more

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Community Discussion Guide for Maternal and Newborn Health Care

Mobilising Access to Maternal Health Services in Zambia Programme, District Health Management Teams UK Aid; Health Partner International, MOH Zambia (2012) C1

A training manual for safe motherhood action groups (MAMaZ)

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Namibia: Community - Based Health Care Policy

Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS) (2007) C1

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Moving to a strong(er) community health system: analysing the role of community health volunteers in the new national community health strategy in Malawi

Angwenyi, V.; Aantjes, C.; Kondowe, K. et al. BMJ Global Health (2018) CC

Since the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978, community health volunteers (CHVs) have been at the forefront, providing health services, especially to underserved communities, in low-income countries. However, consolidation of CHVs position within formal health systems has proved to be complex and continue... more

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Qualitative assessment of community health workers’ perspective on their motivation in community-based primary health care in rural Malawi

Ndambo, M.K.; Munyaneza, F.; Aron, M.B. et al. BMC Health Services Research (2022) CC

Background: Community Health Workers (CHWs) have a positive impact on the provision of community-based primary health care through screening, treatment, referral, psychosocial support, and accompaniment. With a broad scope of work, CHW programs must balance the breadth and depth of tasks to mainta...in CHW motivation for high-quality care delivery. Few studies have described the CHW perspective on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to enhance their programmatic activities. Methods: We utilized an exploratory qualitative study design with CHWs employed in the household model in Neno District, Malawi, to explore their perspectives on intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and dissatisfiers in their work. Data was collected in 8 focus group discussions with 90 CHWs in October 2018 and March–April 2019 in seven purposively selected catchment areas. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed using Dedoose. Results: Themes of complex intrinsic and extrinsic factors were generated from the perspectives of the CHWs in the focus group discussions. Study results indicate that enabling factors are primarily intrinsic factors such as positive patient outcomes, community respect, and recognition by the formal health care system but can lead to the chal- lenge of increased scope and workload. Extrinsic factors can provide challenges, including an increased scope and workload from original expectations, lack of resources to utilize in their work, and rugged geography. However, a posi- tive work environment through supportive relationships between CHWs and supervisors enables the CHWs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated enabling factors and challenges for CHW performance from their perspec- tive within the dual-factor theory. We can mitigate challenges through focused efforts to limit geographical distance, manage workload, and strengthen CHW support to reinforce their recognition and trust. Such programmatic empha- sis can focus on enhancing motivational factors found in this study to improve the CHWs’ experience in their role. The engagement of CHWs, the communities, and the formal health care system is critical to improving the care provided to the patients and communities, along with building supportive systems to recognize the work done by CHWs for the primary health care systems. more

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A household-based community health worker programme for non-communicable disease, malnutrition, tuberculosis, HIV and maternal health: a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial in Neno Distr

Wroe, E.B.; Nhlema, B.; Dunbar, E.L. et al. BMJ Global Health (2021) CC

Background: Community health worker (CHW) programmes are a valuable component of primary care in resource-poor settings. The evidence supporting their effectiveness generally shows improvements in disease-specific outcomes relative to the absence of a CHW programme. In this study, we evaluated expan... more

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Community Engagement through Women’s Self-Help Groups: Leveraging mobile technology for capacity building during COVID-19 lockdown in India

Lok Swasthya SEWA Trust and World Health Organization WHO India (2021) C_WHO

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Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 9. CHWs’ relationships with the health system and communities

Karen LeBan , Maryse Kok and Henry B. Perry Health Research Policy and Systems (2021) CC

This is the ninth paper in our series, “Community Health Workers at the Dawn of a New Era”. Community health workers (CHWs) are in an intermediary position between the health system and the community. While this position provides CHWs with a good platform to improve community health, a major cha... more