Neonatal mortality is a major challenge in reducing child mortality rates in Nepal. Despite efforts by the Government of Nepal, data from the last three demographic and health surveys show a rise in the contribution of neonatal deaths to infant and child mortality. The Government of Nepal has implem...ented community-based programs that were piloted and then scaled up based on lessons learned. These programs include, but are not limited to ensuring safe motherhood, birth preparedness package, community-based newborn care package, and integrated management of childhood illnesses. Despite the implementation of such programs on a larger scale, their effective coverage is yet to be achieved. Health system challenges included an inadequate policy environment, funding gaps, inadequate procurement, and insufficient supplies of commodities, while human resource management has been found to be impeding service delivery. Such bottlenecks at policy, institutional and service delivery level need to be addressed incorporating health information in decision-making as well as working in partnership with communities to facilitate the utilization of available services.
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                                                                Key questions
What is already known?
    Critical illness is common throughout the world and COVID-19 has caused a global surge of critically ill patients.
    There are large gaps in the quality of care for critically ill patients, especially in low-staffed and low-resourced settings, and mortal...ity rates are high.
    Essential Emergency and Critical Care (EECC) is the effective lifesaving care of low-cost and low-complexity that all critically ill patients should receive in all wards in all hospitals in the world.
What are the new findings?
    The clinical processes that comprise EECC and the essential care of critically ill patients with COVID-19 have been specified in a large consensus among clinical experts worldwide.
    The resource requirements for hospitals to be ready to provide this care has been described.
What do the new findings imply?
    The findings can be used across medical specialties in hospitals worldwide to prioritise and implement essential care for reducing preventable deaths.
    Inclusion of the EEEC processes could increase the impact of pandemic preparedness and response programmes and policies for health systems strengthening.
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                                                                В основе настоящих руководящих принципов лежит структура организации мероприятий в соответствии с тремя задачами:
• создание и укрепление механизмов комплексно...го предоставления услуг ПИН;
• уменьшение совокупного бремени ТБ, ВИЧ, вирусного гепатита и других сопутствующих патологий у ПИН посредством комплексного предоставления всеобъемлющих услуг; и
• обеспечение стандарта медико-санитарной помощи в тюрьмах, аналогичного стандарту оказания медикосанитарной помощи вне тюрем, за счет гармонизации мер вмешательства и налаживания связи со службами на уровне сообщества.
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                                                                The Global Action Report on Preterm Birth. Presentation
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                The  global  increase  of  healthcare-associated  infections (HAI) presents a growing concern in  healthcare  worldwide.  According  to  the  European   Centre   for   Disease   Prevention   and  Control  (ECDC),  the  annual  number  of HAI exceeds 2.6million and produces the highest estimated amou...nt of disability-adjust-ed-life-years,  surpassing  all  other  reported  communicable   diseases   in   the   European   Union and European Economic Area. Multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative     (MDR-GN)  bacteria  have  become  increasingly  common  as  a  cause  for  HAI,  such  as  central  line-as-sociated  bloodstream  infections,  wound  or  surgical   site   infections   and   catheter-associated  urinary  tract  infections
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                                                                Patient Safety tutorial 325
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                In 2016, the risk of premature mortality1 from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Ethiopia was 18.3%. The economic costs of NCDs are significant and are due principally to their impact on the non-health sector (reduced workforce and productivity). In this study, it is estimated that NCDs cost Ethiop...ia at least 31.3 billion birr (US$ 1.1 billion) per year, equivalent to 1.8% of the gross domestic product (GDP). Less than 15% of the costs are for health care.
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                                                                J Epidemiol Community Health 2011;65:1166e1170. doi:10.1136/jech.2009.097469
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                The Practical Approach to Emergencies in the Pregnant Mother, Newborn infant and Child. Provder Manual
                                                            
                         
                     
                                                        
                        
                        
                            
                            
                                                                In the light of the transmissibility of coronaviruses, and the global experience with MERS-CoV (ongoing) and SARS in 2003 which were also caused by coronaviruses, South African authorities have compiled this guideline document to support surveillance, case finding, diagnosis, management and public h...ealth responses to cases under investigation.
*Please note*
The interim guidelines are based on what is currently known about the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The National Department of Health (NDOH) and National Institute for Communicable Diseases will update these interim guidelines as needed and as additional information becomes available.
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                                                                The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene    Volume 106: Issue 1  p.12-14.he piece highlights a body of research that suggests tiny plastic particles could disrupt immune and endocrine systems, damage organs, and cause other health problems. “Without a fundamental reimagining of global... industrial practices, we will continue to see dire impacts on the climate, the planet and our health
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                                                                Parasites & Vectors volume 15, Article number: 389 (2022)
Dengue is one of the common arboviral infections and is a public health problem in South East Asia. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of dengue in SAARC (South Asian Associ...ation for Regional Cooperation) countries.
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                                                                Approximately 80% of the 463 million adults worldwide with diabetes live in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). A major obstacle to designing evidence-based policies to improve diabetes outcomes in LMICs is the scarce availability of nationally representative data on the current patterns... of treatment coverage. The objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of adults with diabetes in LMICs who receive coverage of recommended pharmacological and non-pharmacological diabetes treatment; and to describe country-level and individual-level characteristics that are associated with treatment.
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                                                                Investigación original / Original research
Panam Salud Publica. 2016;39(1):38–43.