The current document is anupdate of the guidelines developed by the EUCAST subcommittee on detection of resistance mechanisms. The EUCAST Steering Committee has carried out the current update. The document has been developed mainly for routine use in clinical laboratories and doesnot cover technical... procedures for identification of resistance mechanisms at a molecular level by reference or expert laboratories. However, much of the content is also applicable tonational reference laboratories. Furthermore, it is important to note that the document does not cover screening for asymptomatic carriage (colonization) of multidrug-resistant microorganismsor direct detectionof resistancein clinical samples.
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Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a premalignant lesion that may exist at any one of three stages: CIN1, CIN2, or CIN3. If left untreated, CIN2 or CIN3 (collectively referred to as CIN2+) can progress to cervical cancer. Instead of screening and diagnosis by the standard sequence of cytolo...gy, colposcopy, biopsy, and histological confirmation of CIN, an alternative method is to use a ‘screen-and-treat’ approach in which the treatment decision is based on a screening test and treatment is provided soon or, ideally, immediately after a positive screening test. This guideline provides recommendations for strategies for a screen-and-treat programme
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In the following you can find 51 Planning tools for Mental Health and Psychosocial support in disasters, that have been derived from an anylsis of 282 Psychosocial Mental Health guidelines and 678 Tools. The single planning tools are structured according to the most relevant topics and can be used i...ndividually.
The purpose of the Action Sheets
Each Action Sheet is a planning tool in itself that can be used individually
Each Action Sheet is an entrypoint into the main recommendations for this specific topic and gives information on further readings, tools and practice examples.
Each Action Sheet gives advice on how to plan and enhance quality in the selected area and topic.
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What every clinician should know
Front Chem. 2021; 9: 622286.
Published online 2021 Mar 12. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2021.622286
Paying for performance (P4P) provides financial incentives for providers to increase the use and quality of care. P4P can affect health care by providing incentives for providers to put more effort into specific activities, and by increasing the amount of resources available to finance the delivery ...of services. This paper evaluates the impact of P4P on the use and quality of prenatal, institutional delivery, and child preventive care using data produced from a prospective quasi-experimental evaluation nested into the national rollout of P4P in Rwanda. Treatment facilities were enrolled in the P4P scheme in 2006 and comparison facilities were enrolled two years later. The incentive effect is isolated from the resource effect by increasing comparison facilities’ input-based budgets by the average P4P payments to the treatment facilities. The data were collected from 166 facilities and a random sample of 2158 households. P4P had a large and significant positive impact on institutional deliveries and preventive care visits by young children, and improved quality of prenatal care. The authors find no effect on the number of prenatal care visits or on immunization rates. P4P had the greatest effect on those services that had the highest payment rates and needed the lowest provider effort. P4P financial performance incentives can improve both the use of and the quality of health services. Because the analysis isolates the incentive effect from the resource effect in P4P, the results indicate that an equal amount of financial resources without the incentives would not have achieved the same gain in outcomes.
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The purpose of this booklet is to assist WHO and other
Public Health workers in the field when an emergency
occurs. The booklet provides technical hints on how to
carry out a rapid health assessment, how to facilitate
coordination, how departments in WHO can assist, etc.
Standard formats for re...porting and reference indicators
are provided
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A handbook for district and health facility staff
COVID-19 e oxigênio: Os dados da China sugerem que embora a maioria das pessoas com COVID-19 tenham doença leve (40%) ou moderada (40%), cerca de 15% apresentam doença grave que requer oxigenoterapia, e 5% ficam em estado crítico e precisam de tratamento em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Alé...m disso, a maioria dos pacientes críticos com COVID-19 precisará de ventilação mecânica.2,3 Por esses motivos, as unidades de saúde que tratam da COVID-19 devem estar equipadas com oxímetros de pulso, sistemas de oxigênio em funcionamento, incluindo interfaces de administração de oxigênio de uso único. A oxigenoterapia é recomendada para todos os pacientes graves e críticos com COVID-19, em doses baixas, variando de 1-2 L/min em crianças e começando com 5 L/min em adultos com cânula nasal, fluxos moderados para o uso em máscara de Venturi (6-10 L/min); ou fluxos mais altos (10-15 L/min) com o uso de uma máscara com bolsa reservatório. Além disso, o oxigênio pode ser administrado em fluxos mais altos e em concentrações maiores, usando uma cânula nasal de alto fluxo (CNAF)
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Mapping "Pro Poor" Policy in Aceh Province 2007-2011
El documento "Lista de productos sanitarios prioritarios para la respuesta a COVID-19 y especificaciones técnicas asociadas" complementa esta directriz.
Este documento proporciona una orientación provisional sobre la calidad, las características de rendimiento y las normas conexas de los equi...pos de protección personal (EPP) que se utilizarán en el contexto de COVID-19. Esto incluye los productos sanitarios prioritarios de la OMS, concretamente: mascarillas quirúrgicas, mascarillas no quirúrgicas, guantes, gafas, protectores faciales, batas y mascarillas N95. Está dirigido a los organismos de adquisición, los departamentos de salud laboral, los departamentos o puntos focales de prevención y control de infecciones, los administradores de los centros de salud, la ingeniería biomédica y de materiales, los fabricantes de EPI y las autoridades de salud pública, tanto a nivel nacional como de los centros.
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Health Policy Plan (2017) 32 (5): 603-612; 10 pp. 318 kB
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine
ISSN: (Online) 2071-2936, (Print) 2071-2928
The environment in which young people live, learn and play significantly affects their decisions about whether to consume alcohol. Environmental factors are the main risk factors driving alcohol consumption and related harm among young people. Environments that normalize alcohol consumption – term...ed alcogenic environments – include contexts with unregulated advertising and marketing of alcoholic beverages, higher alcohol outlet density, products designed to facilitate affordability and low prices of alcoholic beverages. A recent body of research evidence has emerged related to the measurement, functional significance and consequences of living in alcogenic environments. This includes findings on the complex and bidirectional interactions among alcohol acceptability, availability and affordability and how they create and perpetuate alcogenic environments. Comprehensive and enforced alcohol control policies are effective at delaying the age of onset and lowering alcohol prevalence and frequency among young people. Evidence consistently confirms the effectiveness of designing and implementing alcohol control policies that regulate upstream the drivers of alcogenic environment, including alcohol availability, acceptability and affordability. These policies need to be multipronged and address the complex interactions between these drivers and the local alcohol culture
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Epilepsia, 55(4):475–482, 2014
doi: 10.1111/epi.12550
The pharmacological management of asthma has changed considerably in recent decades, as it has come to be understood that it is a complex, heterogeneous disease with different phenotypes and endotypes. It is now clear that the goal of asthma treatment should be to achieve and maintain control of the... disease, as well as to minimize the risks (of exacerbations, disease instability, accelerated loss of lung function, and adverse treatment effects). That requires an approach that is personalized in terms of the pharmacological treatment, patient education, written action plan, training in correct inhaler use, and review of the inhaler technique at each office visit. A panel of 22 pulmonologists was invited to perform a critical review of recent evidence of pharmacological treatment of asthma and to prepare this set of recommendations, a treatment guide tailored to use in Brazil. The topics or questions related to the most significant changes in concepts, and consequently in the management of asthma in clinical practice, were chosen by a panel of experts. To formulate these recommendations, we asked each expert to perform a critical review of a topic or to respond to a question, on the basis of evidence in the literature. In a second phase, three experts discussed and structured all texts submitted by the others. That was followed by a third phase, in which all of the experts reviewed and discussed each recommendation. These recommendations, which are intended for physicians involved in the treatment of asthma, apply to asthma patients of all ages.
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