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Profile: Namibia Mental Health Atlas 2020

World Health Organization WHO (2020) C_WHO

Mental Health Atlas 2020 Member State Profile Nambia Data Analytics

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Political economy analysis for health financing: A ‘how to’ guide

World Health Organization (WHO) (2024) CC

This Guide is part of WHO’s overall programme of work on Political Economy of Health Financing Reform: Analysis and Strategy to Support UHC. The impetus for this work came from demands for more concrete evidence, recognition and integration of political economy issues within health financing, and... more

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Proposals for ODA Reform: A Review of Key Approaches

Calleja R., Casadevall-Bellés S. Center for Global Development (2024) CC

Questions concerning the relevance and reform of official development assistance (ODA), and how ODA and broader development finance could—or should—change to better reflect shifting demands are not new, with academics and policymakers suggesting a range of options for reform. In this background ... more

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Manual for Stratifying Malaria Risk and the Elimination of Foci

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2022) C_WHO

All malaria-endemic countries in the Region of the Americas have taken on the challenge to eliminate the disease and to put in place measures to orient their health programs and strategies in that direction. This manual explains how to implement measures to achieve malaria elimination and prevent it... more

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Technical note on accelerating P. falciparum elimination in the Americas

Pan American Health Organization PAHO (2023) C_WHO

This technical note provides guidance on actions to accelerate P. falciparum elimination in areas close to achieving this goal without compromising unified malaria elimination efforts (P. vivax - P. falciparum), while contributing to the country's ultimate goal of eliminating malaria overall.

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Disability-inclusive Employment Promotion: Lessons learned from five GIZ projects

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ (2019) CC2

In the initial chapters, you will find different approaches that describe how to support job creation for entrepreneurs or employees who live with disabilities. The interventions are often initiated by the readiness to find and pick the right opportunities, such as an engaged entrepreneur or an open... more

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ECSA report. Eastern, Central and Southern African Region - Education and Labor Markets for Nurses

World Bank Group; International Council of Nurses (2021) CC2

Challenges and Opportunities. This report presents a comprehensive assessment of the education and labor markets for nurses in the ECSA region. It documents the main challenges to train and deploy nurses and discusses opportunities for government and private sector employers to overcome these chall... more

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Evaluatin of the Namibian Community Health Workers Programme

UNICEF; USAID; Maternal and Child Survival Program (2017) C_UNICEF

In 2008 the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MOHSS) commissioned a national health and social service system review which found that although some progress has been made in primary health care, provision of health services did not go beyond the health facilities, irrespective of the fast dist... more

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Namibia Country Operational Plan 2022 Strategic Direction Summary April 21 2022

U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (2022) CC2

Namibia is estimated to be at 94-97-93 as defined by the UNAIDS 95-95-95 treatment cascade, one of the first high burden countries to approach epidemic control. COP22 is about sustaining the impact of years of investment and partnership with the Namibian government and other stakeholders by employin... more

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Malaria Case Management Training Manual for Health Professionals in Ethiopa. Participant Manual

Federal Ministry of Health FMOH, EThiopia (2022) CC

This malaria case management training manual was developed by the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) of Ethiopia, in collaboration with several national and international partners. Primarily based on WHO guidelines and training materials, as well as the 2022 national malaria guidelines and various te... more

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Social and Behaviour Change Communication Strategy for Prevention of Re-establishment of Malaria Transmission in Timor-Leste

Ministry of Health Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste; World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

The Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) Strategy for the Prevention of the Re-establishment of Malaria Transmission in Timor-Leste forms part of the National Strategic Plan (NSP) for 2021–2025. The strategy aims to support Timor-Leste's efforts to sustain malaria elimination by promot... more

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Communication Guide for Malaria Control Interventions 2015-2020

The Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Tanzania (2015) CC

This Communication Guide for Malaria Control Interventions is aligned with Tanzania’s Malaria Strategic Plan (2015–2020) and provides comprehensive guidance on the implementation of Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of malaria. It is int... more

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Message Guide for the Fight Against Malaria in Malawi

Ministry of Health of Malawi (2023) CC

This document was developed by the Ministry of Health in Malawi in collaboration with national and international partners. It introduces a Social and Behaviour Change (SBC) malaria message guide that is aligned with the National Malaria Communication Strategy (NMCS) for the period 2023–2030. The g... more

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Social and Behavior Change Communication SBCC for Malaria in Pregnancy: Strategy Development Guidance

Health Communication Capacity Collaborative HC3; USAID (2017) CC

This Implementation Kit (I-Kit), developed by the Health Communication Capacity Collaborative (HC3), which is funded by USAID and based at the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, offers structured guidance for improving social and behavioural change communication (SBCC) strategies relat... more

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Promoting Quality Malaria Medicines through Social and Behavior Change Communication: An Implementation Kit

Health Communication Capacity Collaborative HC3; USAID (2016) C1

This Implementation Kit (I-Kit), developed by the Health Communication Capacity Collaborative (HC3), helps national and local stakeholders to design country-specific social and behavioural change communication (SBCC) campaigns that address the threat posed by substandard, spurious, falsified and fal... more

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Guidance Note on Malaria Programmes in Refugee Operations

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR (2022) C1

This UNHCR guidance note provides comprehensive recommendations for the prevention and control of malaria in refugee settings worldwide. Aligned with the WHO Global Technical Strategy for Malaria, it outlines strategies to ensure access to effective prevention, diagnosis and treatment, implement sus... more

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Expanding seasonal malaria chemoprevention in new geographies: Lessons from Mozambique

Malaria Consortium (2025) C1

Mozambique was the first country outside of the Sahel to successfully implement seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) on a large scale. This learning paper captures some of the lessons drawn from the implementation process.

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Diagnostic tests for detecting risk of Plasmodium vivax relapse

World Health Organization WHO (2024) C_WHO

Relapsing malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax parasites poses a significant challenge to global malaria elimination efforts. About one third of the population remains at risk of contracting P. vivax malaria, and 85% of P. vivax infections stem from reactivated latent parasites, leading to chronic ana... more

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Malaria surveillance assessment toolkit

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

Implementation reference guide. This Malaria Surveillance Assessment Toolkit implementation reference guide is a comprehensive reference document, as well as a step by-step guide. It aligns and adapts available tools into a single set of standardized tools, which can be used to conduct malaria surve... more