Jose Bertolote, José Miguel Caldas de Almeida, Thomas Bornemann et al.
1
Joseph M Rey
1
Joseph M. Rey, Francisco B. Assumpção Jr, Carlos A. Bernad, Füsun Çetin Çuhadaroğlu, Bonnie Evans, Daniel Fung, Gordon Harper, Loïc Loidreau, Yoshiro Ono, Dainius Pūras, Helmut Remschmidt, Brian Robertson, Olga A. Rusakoskaya, Kari Schleimer
1
José Bertolote, Michelle Funk, Vladimir Poznyak et al.
1
José, F.
1
Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health
1
Journal of Movements Disorders
1
Journal of the International AIDS Society
1
Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care
1
JSI Research & Training Institute
1
Juodkaite D.
1
K. Asiedu
1
K. Boegel
1
K. G. Andrews
1
K. Greenblott
1
K. Hauck
1
K. Hill
1
K. Lindner
1
K. Mason
1
K. Sorsdahl
1
K. Suzuki, R. E. Simmonds et al.
1
K. vinh quoc Luong, L. T. H. Nquyen
1
Kah, C.
1
Kamala Achu, Kathy Al Jubah, Svein Brodtkorb, et al.
1
Kanu, H.
1
Kapungwe, A.
1
Karen LeBan , Maryse Kok and Henry B. Perry
1
Kate Kerber, Stefan Peterson & Peter Waiswa
1
Kengne, A.P. et al.
1
Kenya Ministry of Health
1
Keppner, B.
1
Kirakoya-Samadoulougou F., K. Jean, M. Maheu-Giroux
1
Klein O. et al
1
Klingenfeld D. , König C., et al.
1
KNV
1
Kobusingye, Olive
1
Kopittke, P.M.
1
Koren, H.
1
Korenromp E.
1
Korn, D.A. and H.J. Shaffer
1
Kulkarni, S.
1
Kumar, M.
1
Kuper, H.
1
Kwizera, R.
1
L. Crigler
1
L. Myer
1
L. N. Chigbu, C. U. Iroegbu
1
L. N. Patel,and A. K. Detjen
1
L. Sharvadze
1
L. Zhou
1
L.R. Cruz
1
L.S.
1
Lakhbir Dhaliwal, Vanita Suri, Reshmi Bagga et al.
1
Lancet 2017;
1
Larrson, I.
1
Lauren Miller
1
Leidi Herrera
1
LeMier, Ryan
1
Leon-Velarde, F.
1
Leonova, N.
1
Li Z., Richter L., Lu C.
1
Lifebox and Ariadne Labs
1
Lode, H.
1
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and the Technische Universität München
1
López-Loyo, E.
1
LSVD
1
Lu, C.
1
Lucile Peynot
1
Lunds Universitet
1
Lungenliga Schweiz, Bundesamt für Gesundheit
1
M. Archary
1
M. Cheng
1
M. Dallao
1
M. E. Balcells, S. L. Thomas, P. Godfrey-Faussett, et al.
1
M. Giles
1
M. Gjergji
1
M. Halla
1
M. Hegermann-Lindencrone, C. S. Brown, et al.
1
M. Higgins-Biddle
1
M. Janier, V. Hegyi, N. Dupin et al
1
M. Joffres
1
M. L. Mattingly
1
M. Miller, K. Likjedahl, et al.
1
M. Mntonintshi
1
M. Ranganathan et al.
1
M. Schomaker
1
M. Semrau
1
M. Sundararaj
1
M.-A. Davies
1
M.C. Mollo, et al.
1
M.N. Ngongondo
1
MacKinnon, K.
1
MacKinnon,K.
1
Mailloux, N.A. et al.
1
Makanjuola, A. et al.
1
Makatjane, T. J., T. Hlabana, and E. M. Letete
1
Malaria Journal
1
Malteser International
1
MamaYe Sierra Leone
1
MAMI, Irish Aid, Eleanor Crook Foundation
1
Management Sciences for Health
1
Manas R. , Behera R., Satpathy S.K.
1
Mandrup, L. & Elklit, A.
1
Mapako, Tonderai, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Maarten J. Postma, Marinus van Hulst, Janet Dzangare, Stellah Ngwende, John Mandisarisa, Ponesai Nyika, David A. Mvere, Owen Mugurungi, and Mufuta Tshimanga
1
Maria A Zuurmond, Ilias Mahmud, Sarah Polack, Jenny Evans
1
Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Michael Bauer and Lars Vedel Kessing
1
Maria Virginias Villegas
1
Mariam Kirollos, Caroline Anning, Gunvor Knag Fylkesnes et al.
1
Maroufou Jules Alao, Blaise Ayivi and Didier Lacombe
1
Martin Kayitale Mbonye, Sarah M Burnett, Robert Colebunders, et al.
1
Martinez, L.
1
Mary Keogh, Monika Brenes, Priska Gronenberg et al.
1
Mary-Anne Hartley, Alyssa Young, Anh-Minh Tran et al.
1
Maryanne Stone-Jimenez
1
May L., K. Yadav, S. D. Gaona
1
McGeown, J.
1
MCHIP
1
McKimm J., Redvers N., El Omrani O., et al.
1
McLean M., Gibbs T., Mc Kimm J.
1
MEASURE Evaluation
1
Medécins sans Frontières MSF
1
Medical Peace Work
1
Medizin Fokus Verlag
1
Meershoek A, Zwerling A, Daftary A, Citro B, Smyth C, Lewis D
1
Mehtsun, Sinit
1
Meis, J.de
1
Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 4).
1
Mercer, E
1
Mews, C.
1
Meya, D.B.
1
Médecins Sans Frontières
1
Michael T. Osterholma, Kristine A. Moorea, Nicholas S. Kelley et al.
1
Michelle Jimenez
1
MIDEM
1
Ministerio de Salud - Chile
1
Ministerio de Salud Argentina
1
Ministerio de Salud Chile
1
Ministerio de Salud de El Salvador
1
Ministerio de Salud Pública de Ecuador
1
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social
1
Ministerio de salud pública y bienestar social, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, et al.
1
Ministerio de salud pública y bienestar social, Paraguay
1
Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social, Primus Inter Pares Paraguay
1
Ministerio de salud, Bolivia
1
Ministerio de Salud, Peru
1
Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, OMS
1
Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brasil
1
Ministry of Health & Social Welfare India
1
Ministry of Health and Sanitaton Sierra Leone and UNICEF Sierra Leone
1
Ministry of Health Ghana
1
Ministry of Health, Kenya
1
Ministry of Health, Madagascar
1
Ministry of Health, Republic of South Africa
1
Ministry of Health, Uganda
1
Ministry of Rural Development
1
Mmbaga, Elia John
1
Mochtar, C.A., R. Umbas, D.M. Soebadi, et al.,
1
Mock C. N., Nugent R. et. al.
1
Mock, Charles N.
1
Modi, D., N. Dholakia, R. Gopalan, et al.
1
Montamat, M.S.
1
Montelongo, A.
1
Morse, J.M.
1
MSMGF
1
Mukhtar A Adeiza, Abdullah A Abba, Juliana U Okpapi
1
Multidisciplinary Collaborative Group for the Scientific Monitoring of COVID-19 (GCMSC)
1
Murphy
1
Musaazi, J.
1
N. Abera, T. Saballa, et al.
1
N. Chkhartishvili
1
N. K. Arora
1
N. L. Soh
1
Nana Twum Danso, Uta Lehmann, Jennifer Nyoni et al.
1
National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
1
National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control Committee
1
National Department of Health (NDoH) South Africa
1
National Health Mission
1
National Institutes of Health
1
National Library of Medicine
1
National Malaria Control Program - NMCP
1
National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, Nairobi, Kenya, and ICF International
1
National Statistical Office Zomba, Malawi
1
Nature Communications
1
NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)
1
NDoH South Africa
1
Neil M Ferguson, Daniel Laydon, Gemma Nedjati-Gilani, Natsuko Imai, Kylie Ainslie, Marc Baguelin, Sangeeta Bhatia, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Zulma Cucunubá, Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg, Amy Dighe, Ilaria Dorigatti, Han Fu, Katy Gaythorpe, Will Green, Arran Hamlet, Wes Hinsley, Lucy C Okell, Sabine van Elsland, Hayley Thompson, Robert Verity, Erik Volz, Haowei Wang, Yuanrong Wang, Patrick GT Walker, Caroline Walters, Peter Winskill, Charles Whittaker, Christl A Donnelly, Steven Riley, Azra C Ghani.
1
Nepal Ministry of Health and Population, New ERA, and ICF International
1
Neuron Review
1
Ngombo, A.V.
1
NICE
1
Nicole Ritz, Folke Brinkmann, Cornelia Feiterna-Sperling. et al.
1
North-West University, SA
1
NSW Health and University of Western Sydney
1
Nugent, Rachel
1
O'Sullivan, B.
1
O. Bandmann
1
O. T. Ranzani
1
Ogden, S., Gallo, K., Davis, S., et al
1
Oliveira, R.G. de.
1
Open Journal of Epidemiology
1
OpenWASH
1
organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Fédération internationale pharmaceutique (FIP)
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), Federación Internacional Farmacéutica (FIP)
1
Organización Mundial de la Salud y Alzheimer’s Disease International
1
Organización Panamericana de la Salud
1
Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS)
1
Orr, B.J., A.L. Cowie
1
Ouédraogo M., Samadoulougou S., Rouamba T. et. al.
1
Ovid
1
O’Sullivan BG., Chater AB, Bingham A., et al.
1
P. Booth
1
P. Brouwers
1
P. Drain, and T. Hall
1
P. Glaziou, C.Sismanidis, P. J. Dodd, et al.
1
P. J. Dodd
1
P. K. Maulik
1
P. Pipero
1
P. Zheng
1
PAHO
1
PAHO (Pan American Health Organization
1
Pan African - Medical Journal
1
Pan African Medical Journal
1
Pan American Health Organization
1
Paolella, D .A.
1
Pata
1
Pata Pata Pata
1
Patricia J. Rogers, RMIT University (Australia) and BetterEvaluation
1
Patrick Smith, T. Dalgleish and R. Meiser‐Stedman
1
Pattanaik, D.
1
Paudel, D., A. Thapa, P. R. Shedain, and B. Paudel
1
Paudel, D., Shrestha, I.B., Siebeck, M. & Rehfuess, E.A.
1
Paul Roddy, Natasha Howard, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, et al.
1
Pedrozo e Silva de Azevedo, C.
1
PEPFAR
1
Pescarini, J. M.
1
Peter G. Smith, Richard H. Morrow, and David A. Ross
1
Peter W Luckow, Avi Kenny, Emily White, et al.
1
Pfefferbaum, B., Shaw, J.A. & American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) Committee on Quality Issues (CQI)
1
Phillipa Hay & Jane Morris
1
Pim Cuijpers, Laura Shields-Zeeman, Bethany Hipple Walters, Ionela Petrea
1
Pitt1, C.
1
Plan International
1
PLOS Biology
1
PLoS Med
1
PLOS ONE, which is part of the Public Library of Science (PLOS)
1
PLOS Phatogens
1
PMC
1
Pneumonia
1
Pub Med
1
Publicación de las Naciones Unidas
1
Publisher: National Academic Press
1
PubMed.gov
1
Q.M. Trinh
1
Quirk, E.J.
1
R Sari Kovats et al.
1
R. and Coimbra Brito
1
R. Diel, B. Hauer, R. Loddenkemper, et al.
1
R. Furth
1
R. Humeniuk, S. Henry-Edwards, R. Ali
1
R. Leyva-Flores
1
R. Lovich
1
R. L’Herminez
1
R. Nefdt, E. Ribaira and K. Diallo
1
R. Turner
1
R. Walker
1
R. Zahn
1
R.M.
1
R4V
1
Radiation Emergency Assistance Center
1
RedR UK
1
refugio stuttgart e.v.
1
Reginald A. Annan, Patrick Webb, Rebecca Brown
1
Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario (RNAO)
1
Reilly, K.
1
Ren, F.
1
Renner B.
1
Rentschler, J.
1
Renuka Bery, Sophie Boisson, Lizette Burgers et al.
1
REPOA
1
Reproductive and Child Health Directorate
1
Republic of Sierra Leone, Ministry of Health and Sanitation
1
ResearchGate
1
Resende, M. B.
1
Rev Panam Salud Publica
1
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria
1
Réseau africain pour les soins aux enfants affectés par le sida (ANECCA)
Robert A. Scott, Samden D. Lhatoo & Josemir W.A.S. Sander
1
Robert E. Black, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Marleen Temmerman
1
Roberton, T.
1
Robin G. and J. Balbus
1
Rockström, J.
1
Rockville, Maryland, USA: ICF International
1
RohrI, J.R.
1
Roos N.
1
Rosenbaum, Julia and Bery, Renuka
1
Routledge
1
Rupprecht, C.
1
Rutstein, S.E., J. Ananworanich, S. Fidler, et al.
1
S .Gulati
1
S. Assegid
1
S. Bahendeka, S.Colagiuri, S. Mendis, et al.
1
S. Custer
1
S. Feller
1
S. Harvest, C. Litzke, P. Akil, et al.
1
S. Hatherill
1
S. Khazei
1
S. Palitz
1
S. Rezaeian
1
S.Mabunda
1
Santos, D.
1
Santos-D'Amorim K, Fernandes de Oliveira Mirand MK
1
Sarah Frost, Kylie Mines, Jamie Noon, Elsje Scheffler, and Rebecca Jackson Stoeckle
1
Saranya A, Selvaraj E Lee, Mason Harrell, et al.
1
Sauerbrey, M.
1
Sausgruber, R.
1
Save the Children Denmark
1
Scheeringa, M.S., Amaya-Jackson, L. & Cohen, J.
1
Schramm, P,J.
1
Schwartz, L.
1
Schwienhorst, E.M.
1
Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais (SES-MG)
1
Sethi, T.
1
Seung Hee Lee-Kwan, et al.
1
SFU MPH Capstone Project
1
Sharon Alane Abramowitz, et al.
1
Sheena Posey Norris, Erin Hammers Forstag, and Bruce M. Altevogt
1
Shelah S. Bloom and Svetlana Negroustoueva
1
Shi‑Lin Chen
1
Shotton J.
1
Sightsavers, Department for International Development, The International Trachoma Initiative , et al.
1
SIT G aduate Ins titute/SIT Study Abroad
1
Sliwa, K.
1
Sociedad Venezolana de Salud Pública
1
Soumitra Pathare, Michelle Funk, Melvyn Freeman et al.
1
Soumitra Pathare, Руби Холл, Michelle Funk et al.
1
South African Journal of Psychiatry
1
Speier, A.H.
1
SPRING and APC
1
Springer
1
Springer International Publishing
1
Steffen, W., Noone, K., et al.
1
Stemmet, C.L.
1
Steve Peat
1
Stevens, Gretchen
1
Strange, A.
1
STRIVE
1
Suliman, S., Kaminer, D., Seedat, S. & Steinm D.J.
1
Swain, K.D., Pillay, B.J. & Kliewer, W.
1
Syrian American Medical Society (SAMS)
1
T. Fernández Dávil, P. A. Hidalgo Andrade, F. G. Torres Toala et al.
1
T. K. Phillips
1
T. Lievens
1
T. Tsertsvadze
1
T. Z. Ting Fang
1
Takarinda, Kudakwashe C., Lydia K. Madyira, Mutsa Mhangara, Victor Makaza, Memory Maphosa, Simbarashe Rusakaniko, Peter H. Kilmarx, Tsitsi Mutasa-Apollo, Getrude Ncube, and Anthony D. Harries
1
tein, D. J.et al.
1
Terre des Hommes Netherlands
1
Tessum, C.
1
Thacher, Emily
1
The Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER) Global Cohort Collaboration
1
The Health & Education Advice & Resource Team (HEART)
1
The Independent Panel
1
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
1
The Lancet
1
The Lancet Planetary Health
1
The Lancet Regional Health - Americas
1
The MOST Project
1
The Open University UK/WaterAid
1
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar
1
The ROTA Council
1
The Union
1
Thomas Chantereault and Ezzedine Bouzid
1
Tindyebwa, D.
1
Toronto Public Health
1
Torres, A.
1
Tribuna del Investigador
1
Trujillo, C.
1
Tufts University, Oxfam
1
Tunesian Federation of sport for persons with disabilities
1
U. Hausmann
1
U. Williams
1
UCL Institute for Global Health and Development Education Research Centre, Institute of Education
1
UKE Hamburg
1
Umbas, R., S. Hardjowijoto, C.A. Mochtar, et al.,
1
Umited Nations Popuilation Fund UNFPA
1
Umweltbundesamt
1
UN Children's Fund
1
UN Convention to Combat Desertification
1
UN Environment Programme
1
UNCCD
1
UNESCO
1
UNICEF and UNFPA
1
UNICEF, WHO
1
UNIFEM
1
United Nations - Environment Management Group (EMG)
1
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
1
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) & World Health Organisation (WHO)
1
United Nations Office on Drug and Crime UNODC
1
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
1
United States Department of Health and Human Services
1
Université de Montréal
1
University of Chicago’s Energy Policy Institute
1
University of Hull
1
University of Nottingham
1
University of Sheffield
1
US Agency for International Development
1
USAID From the American People (Health Care Improvement Project)
1
USAID, core group, Save the Children, BASICS, MCHIP
1
USAID, Synergie Project
1
USAID,SPRING
1
V. Huber, C. F.Sheng Ng et al.
1
V. Patel
1
V. Rashedi
1
V.N. Nguyen
1
Vaidyanathan, A.
1
Van de Sande, W.
1
van Ham C., Reilly K., et al.
1
van Ham, C.
1
Vassall A.
1
Verner D.
1
Vorster, J.M.
1
W. Haas
1
WACD
1
WACD West Africa Comission on Drugs
1
Wagner, R.C.
1
Walker, A. et al.
1
Walker, N.F.
1
Wang, Wenjuan, Michelle Winner, Clara Burgert, and Josh Colston
1
Wardlaw, Tessa M.
1
Water Aid
1
Watzel B.
1
Wesam B Darawsheh
1
WHO Regional Office for Europe (WHO
1
WHO and ANESVAD Foundation
1
WHO, USAID, UNICEF
1
Williams, Phoebe CM.
1
Willott C et al.
1
Wisner, B
1
Wissenschaftlichen Beirats für Familienfragen beim Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend
1
Woodhead M., F. Blasi, S. Ewig, et al.
1
Woodman, N.
1
Word Health Organization WHO
1
World Bank Group
1
World Drug Report 2017
1
World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH)
1
World Health Organisation WHO
1
World Health Organitarion
1
World Health Organization (WHO) - Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for South-East Asia
1
World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for the Western Pacific
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, UNICEF
1
World Health Organization)
1
World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe
1
World Health Organization, TB HIV working group, Stop TB Partnership
1
World Meteorological Organization
1
World Meteorological Organization WMO
1
Write State University Dayton
1
X. Chen
1
Xiaoxu Wu, Yongmei Lu, Sen Zhou et al.
1
Y. Cheng
1
Y. Zhang
1
Yan I.
1
Yaria, J.
1
Yebyo, Henock G., Mussie A. Gebreselassie, and Alemayehu B. Kahsay
1
Yotsu,R.R.
1
Yuyun, M.F.
1
Z. Qiao
1
Zellmann, H.
1
Александрович Ю.С., Алексеева Е.И., Бакрадзе М.Д., et al.
1
ВОЗ и Международная организация по проблемам болезни Альцгеймера
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ)
1
Всемирная организация здравоохранения (Европа)
1
Дженнифер Батлер
1
Джорджа Айалы
1
Е.А. Катунина, Ю.Н. Бездольный
1
Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации
1
нтон Харрис, Дермот Махер, Стивен Грэхем et al.
1
Российский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Кафедра неврологии и нейрохирургии лечебного факультета д.м.н., доцент Е.А. Катунина, к.м.н. Ю.Н. Бездольный
1
Фонд Организации Объединенных Наций в области народонаселения
Inequality of access to palliative care and symptom relief is one of the greatest disparities in global health care (1). Currently, there is avoidable suffering on a massive scale due to lack of access to palliative care and symptom relief in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (1). Yet basic p...alliative care that can prevent or relieve most suffering due to serious or life-threatening health conditions can be taught easily to generalist clinicians, can be provided in the community and requires only simple, inexpensive medicines and equipment. For these reasons, the World Health Assembly (WHA) resolved that palliative care is "an ethical responsibility of health systems"(2). Further, most patients who need palliative care are at home and prefer to remain there. Thus, it is imperative that palliative care be provided in the community as part of primary care. This document was written to assist ministries of health and health care planners, implementers and managers to integrate palliative care and symptom control into primary health care (PHC).more
More than 700 000 people lose their life to suicide every year. The world is not on track to reach the 2030 suicide reduction targets. WHO advocates for countries to take action to prevent suicide, ideally through a comprehensive national suicide prevention strategy. Governments and communities can ...contribute to suicide prevention by implementing LIVE LIFE – WHO’s approach to starting suicide prevention so that countries can build on it further to develop a comprehensive national suicide prevention strategy. The guide is for all countries, with or without a national suicide prevention strategy; national or local focal points for suicide prevention, mental health, alcohol or NCDs; and community stakeholders with a vested interest or who may already be engaged in implementing suicide prevention activities.
Excecutive Summary available in English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Spanisch here:more
27 April 2022 Chronic land degradation: UN offers stark warnings and practical remedies in Global Land Outlook 2. GLO2 offers hundreds of examples from around the world that demonstrate the potential of land restoration.
The way land resources – soil, water and biodiversity – are currently mi...smanaged and misused threatens the health and continued survival of many species on Earth, including our own, warns a stark new report from the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).
It also points decision makers to hundreds of practical ways to effect local, national and regional land and ecosystem restoration.more
What at first glance appears to be simple causality – climate change leading to more and more migration – has triggered intense academic debate over the past ten years because the circumstances are complex. There is need for a thorough analysis in the ground between denying the problem and asser...ting immediate causality. In international relations, migration induced by climate change and environmental degradation is increasingly recognized as a problem, whether in the framework of international climate policy, international migration policy, development cooperation, or international crisis management. But considering the dimension of these major challenges, only small steps have been taken so far. The scope of the problem continues to be underestimated. Climate change is jeopardizing the livelihoods of more and more people. It is a risk multiplier. Although understanding of the connection between climate change and migration has increased, many questions have yet to be answered. We need more knowledge to better support the people affected.more
These consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services (HTS) bring together existing and new guidance on HTS across different settings and populations.
The World Health Organization (WHO) first released consolidated guidelines on HTS in 2015, in response to requests from Member States, national pr...ogramme managers and health workers for support to achieve the United Nations (UN) 90–90–90 global HIV targets – and specifically the first target of diagnosing 90% of all people with HIV. In 2016, based on new evidence, WHO released a supplement to address important new HIV testing approaches – HIV self-testing (HIVST) and provider-assisted referral.
Since the release of 2015 and 2016 HTS guidelines, new issues and more evidence have emerged. To address this, WHO has updated guidance on HIV testing services. In this guideline, WHO updates recommendation on HIVST and provides new recommendations on social network-based HIV testing approaches and western blotting (see box, next page). This guideline seeks to provide support to Member States, programme managers, health workers and other stakeholders seeking to achieve national and international goals to end the HIV epidemic as a public health threat by 2030.
These guidelines also provide operational guidance on HTS demand creation and messaging; implementation considerations for priority populations; HIV testing strategies for diagnosis HIV; optimizing the use of dual HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic tests; and considerations for strategic planning and rationalizing resources such as optimal time points for maternal retestingmore
The guidelines are aimed at clinical professionals directly involved with and responsible for the care of adults with HIV infection, and at community advocates responsible for promoting the best interests and care of HIV-positive adults. They should be read in conjunction with other published BHIVA ...guidelines.
The 2016 interim update to the 2015 BHIVA antiretroviral guidelines has been published online to include tenofovir-alafenamide/emtricitabine as a preferred NRTI backbone for first-line therapy. Changes were based on new data and the consensus opinion of the writing committee. All changes to the guideline are highlighted and include updates to the chronic kidney disease and bone disease sections of special populations and some small changes to managing virological failure.
The 2019 interim statement provides updated advice on treatment with two-drug regimensmore
Millennium Development Goal 8E aims for affordable access to essential medicines. Essential medicines, as defined by WHO, are those that “satisfy the health-care needs of the majority of the population” and that should therefore “be available at all times in adequate amounts”. However, there... is a category of medicines that faces a unique challenge in terms of availability. These are the medicines governed by the international conventions on narcotic and psychotropic substances. “Controlled medicines” is the common definition for pharmaceuticals whose active principles are listed under the 1961 United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs as amended by the 1972 Protocol, such as morphine and methadone; the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances, such as diazepam and buprenorphine; and the 1988 United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, such as ergometrine and ephedrine. The conventions list substances in “Schedules” according to their different levels of potential for abuse and harm, and the commensurate severity of control measures to be applied by countries.more
The report notes that the number of people in need of one or more assistive products is likely to rise to 3.5 billion by 2050, due to populations ageing and the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases rising across the world. The report also highlights the vast gap in access between low- and high-inc...ome countries. An analysis of 35 countries reveals that access varies from 3% in poorer nations to 90% in wealthy countries.
Affordability is a major barrier to access, the report notes. Around two thirds of people with assistive products reported out-of-pocket payments for them. Others reported relying on family and friends to financially support their needs.more
2nd edition. The purpose of the WHO human health risk assessment toolkit: chemical hazards is to provide its users with guidance to identify, acquire and use the information needed to assess chemical hazards, exposures and the corresponding health risks in their given health risk assessment contexts... at local and/or national levels.
The Toolkit provides road maps for conducting a human health risk assessment, identifies information that must be gathered to complete an assessment and provides electronic links to international resources from which the user can obtain information and methods essential for conducting the human health risk assessmentmore
The aims of these guidelines are to provide guidance to health-care providers (i.e. the end-users of these guidelines: physicians, nurses, pharmacists and caregivers) on the adequate relief of pain associated with cancer. They also assist policy-makers, programme managers and public health personnel... to create and facilitate appropriately balanced policies on opioids and prescribing regulations for effective and safe cancer pain management. Proper and effective stewardship of opioid analgesics in the cancer treatment setting is essential to ensure the safety of patients and to reduce the risk of diversion of medicine into society.
The goal of cancer pain management is to relieve pain to a level that allows for an acceptable quality of life.more
Updates for the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) - Guideline.
As part of its response to the global epidemic of obesity, WHO has issued guidelines to support primary healthcare workers identify and manage children who are overweight or obese. Specifically, all infants and children ...aged less than 5 years presenting to primary health-care facilities should have both weight and height measured in order to determine their weight-for-height and their nutritional status according to WHO child growth standards. Comparing a child's weight with norms for its length/height is an effective way to assess for both wasting and overweightmore
States, the United Nations and civil society organisations continue to raise concerns about the humanitarian impact caused by the use of explosive weapons in populated areas (EWIPA). This issue is currently being examined from political, legal, socio-economic and humanitarian perspectives. The GICHD... has undertaken research to provide a technical perspective on the destructive effects of selected explosive weapons to inform the international debate.
The research project attempts to reduce an observed knowledge gap regarding EWIPA. It seeks to provide clarity concerning the immediate physical effects and terminology used when discussing explosive weapons. The project is guided by a group of experts dealing with weapons-related research and practitioners who address the implications of explosive weapons in humanitarian, policy, advocacy and legal fields.more
Traditional medicine, including the knowledge, skills and practices of holistic health care, exists in all cultures. It is based on indigenous theories, beliefs and experiences and is widely accepted for its role in health maintenance and the treatment of disease.Medicinal plants are the main ingred...ients of local medicines, but rapid urbanization is leading to the loss of many important plants and knowledge of their use. To help preserve this knowledge and recognize the importance of medicinal plants to health care systems, the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific has published a series of books on Medicinal Plants in China, the Republic of Korea, Viet Nam and the South Pacific. Medicinal Plants in Papua New Guinea is the fifth in this series. This book covers only a small proportion of the immense knowledge on traditional medicine, the plant species from which they are derived, the diseases they can treat and the parts of the plants to be used. The diverse cultures, languages and traditional practices of Papua New Guinea made this a particularly challenging project. But we believe the information and accompanying references can provide useful information for scientists, doctors and other users.more
The purpose of this handbook is to provide guidance to Member States on the practical aspects of maintaining sanitary standards at international borders at ports, airports, and ground crossings (points of entry) as set out in the International Health Regulations (2005). It provides technical advice ...for developing a comprehensive programme for systematic monitoring of disease vectors and integrated vector control at points of entry. This includes standardizing procedures at points of entry and ensuring a sufficient monitoring and response capacity with the necessary infrastructure for surveillance and control of vectors. In addition, this handbook to serves as reference material for port health officers, regulators, port operators, and other competent authorities in charge of implementing the IHR (2005) at points of entry and on conveyances.more
Terminology used to describe the transmission of pathogens through the air varies across scientific disciplines, organizations and the general public. While this has been the case for decades, during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the terms ‘airborne’, ‘airborne transmission’ a...nd ‘aerosol transmission’ were used in different ways by stakeholders in different scientific disciplines, which may have contributed to misleading information and confusion about how pathogens are transmitted in human populations.
This global technical consultation report brings together viewpoints from experts spanning a range of disciplines with the key objective of seeking consensus regarding the terminology used to describe the transmission of pathogens through the air that can potentially cause infection in humans.
This consultation aimed to identify terminology that could be understood and accepted by different technical disciplines. The agreed process was to develop a consensus document that could be endorsed by global agencies and entities. Despite the complex discussions and challenges, significant progress was made during the consultation process, particularly the consensus on a set of descriptors to describe how pathogens are transmitted through the air and the related modes of transmission. WHO recognizes the important areas where consensus was not achieved and will continue to address these areas in follow-up consultations.more
The current document is anupdate of the guidelines developed by the EUCAST subcommittee on detection of resistance mechanisms. The EUCAST Steering Committee has carried out the current update. The document has been developed mainly for routine use in clinical laboratories and doesnot cover technical... procedures for identification of resistance mechanisms at a molecular level by reference or expert laboratories. However, much of the content is also applicable tonational reference laboratories. Furthermore, it is important to note that the document does not cover screening for asymptomatic carriage (colonization) of multidrug-resistant microorganismsor direct detectionof resistancein clinical samples.more
This Practice Parameter reviews the evidence from research and clinical experience and highlights significant advances in the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder since the previous Parameter was published in 1998. It highlights the importance of early identification of posttrau...matic stress disorder, the importance of gathering information from parents and children, and the assessment and treatment of comorbid disorders. It presents evidence to support trauma-focused psychotherapy, medications, and a combination of interventions in a multimodal approach.
Journal of the American Academy of Children & Adolescents Psychiatry, Vol. 49 No. 4 APRIL 2010 pp.414-430more
Climate change, increasing population densities, and intensified globalisation in trade, travel and migration are among the most important factors shaping the 21st century. Each impacts upon population health and the risk of infectious disease, particularly those originating at the human-animal-envi...ronmental interface. The recognition that many risk drivers of infectious disease fall outside of the typical domain of the health sector creates the challenge of identifying and pursuing priorities for cross-sectoral action aimed at strengthening global health security. In response, the One Health concept has emerged, as have related initiatives addressing Planetary Health and Biodiversity and Human Health. From a public health perspective and operationally speaking, the One Health approach offers great potential, emphasising as it does cooperation and coordination between multiple sectors. Yet despite having been a focal point for discussion for over a decade, numerous challenges facing the implementation of One Health preparedness strategies remain. While some are technical, related to the requirement for innovative early warning systems or new vaccines, for example, others are institutional and cultural in nature, given the transdisciplinary nature of the topic. There have thus been calls to address One Health from multiple perspectives, from ecology to the social sciences. In order to further explore this issue and to identify priority areas for action for strengthening One Health preparedness in Europe, ECDC convened an expert consultation on 11–12 December 2017.more
Bei vielen schwer erkrankten Menschen muss mit einer im Verhältnis zu anderen schweren ARE längeren Behandlung mit Beatmung/zusätzlichem Saürstoffbedarf gerechnet werden. Da weder eine Impfung noch eine spezifische Therapie derzeit zur Verfügung stehen, müssen alle Massnahmen darauf ausgericht...et sein, die Verbreitung der Erkrankung so gut wie möglich zu verlangsamen. Es gibt 3 Komponenten: A) Verhinderung der Ausbreitung durch Fallfindung und Absonderung von engen Kontaktpersonen, B) soziale Distanz schaffen und C) gezielter Schutz von vulnerablen Gruppen, die aktiviert und intensiviert werden müssen ent-sprechend der jeweils aktuellen Lagemore
The WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) was launched in 2015 to foster AMR surveillance and inform strategies to contain AMR. The system started with surveillance of AMR in bacteria causing common human infections and has expanded its scope to include surveillance... of antimicrobial consumption (AMC), invasive fungal infections, and a One Health surveillance model relevant to human health. To meet future challenges, it is in continuous evolution to enhance the quality and representativeness of data to inform the AMR burden accurately. As of the end of 2022, 127 countries, territories and areas participate in GLASS.
The fifth GLASS report, produced in collaboration with Member States, summarizes 2020 data on AMR rates in common bacteria from countries, territories, and areas. The report brings new features, including analyses of population testing coverage or AMR trends. For the first time, the report presents 2020 data on AMC at the national level. A new interactive dashboard allow users to explore AMR and AMC global data, country profiles and download the data.
This report marks the end of the early implementation phase of GLASS. In addition to presenting data collected through the latest data call, this report provides a summary of five years of national AMR surveillance data contributed to GLASS from its initiation, presents AMR findings in the context of progress of country participation in GLASS and in global AMR surveillance coverage and laboratory quality assurance systems at (sub)national level.
Patterns of antimicrobial consumption are presented by country with a particular focus on antibacterials. The report also presents the antimicrobial consumption according to the WHO AWaRe antibiotic classification, for penicillins and cephalosporines. From a One Health perspective, the report presents antimicrobial consumption data in the human sector expressed in tons to allow a comparison with antimicrobial consumption from other sectors (not included in this report).more