This template dossier complements and should be used after fulfilling the criteria and preconditions specified in the Process of validation of elimination of kala-azar as a public health problem in South-East Asia. The national kala-azar programme should be in the consolidation phase of elimination;... that is, the annual incidence of kala-azar in the implementation unit is maintained below 1 case (new plus relapse) per 10 000 population for a minimum of 3 consecutive years.
The template is designed to help national kala-azar elimination programmes prepare a dossier documenting the essential evidence supporting the request to the World Health Organization (WHO) to validate the status of kala-azar elimination as a public health problem in their country. The information presented in this document will help independent assessors understand the national programme’s specific context, achievements and relevant epidemiological data.
The dossier should be organized according to the following sections:
- Description of the country context and health system capabilities
- Historical data and delineation of endemic areas
- Surveillance and elimination activities
- Epidemiological data
- Vector control strategy and activities
- Post-validation surveillance plan
Once the dossier is prepared, it should be examined and duly endorsed by the National Task Force on kala-azar elimination and/or neglected tropical diseases, or a similar body, before submission to WHO.
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Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO) is the flagship publication of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). It is a periodic report that summarizes the latest data on the status and trends of biodiversity and draws conclusions relevant to the further implementation of the Convention.
GBO-5 provi...des global summary of progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and is based on a range of indicators, research studies and assessments (in particular the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services), as well as the national reports provided by countries on their implementation of the CBD. The national reports provide rich information about the steps taken in countries worldwide in support of biodiversity conservation, sustainable use, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits. This body of Information provides a wealth of information on the successes and challenges in implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and in reaching the Aichi Biodiversity Targets.
This Outlook draws on the lessons learned during the first two decades of this century to clarify the transitions needed if we are to realize the vision agreed by world governments for 2050, ‘Living in Harmony with Nature’. You can download the report in several languages
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The ongoing political, socio-economic and human rights events in Venezuela have led to the outflow of almost 4 million refugees and migrants, the biggest population movement in the history of Latin America and the Caribbean. The Gender-Based Violence (GBV) working group of the Regional Coordination ...Platform supports national stakeholders to prevent and respond to GBV using a multisectoral, survivor-centered approach based on international humanitarian principles. In line with the 2019 Regional Response Plan for Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela (RMRP), the GBV working group prioritizes prevention, mitigation and response to GBV, with special emphasis on addressing sexual violence and trafficking in persons for the purpose of sexual exploitation.
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his practical Guide serves as a companion to the “WHO guideline: recommendations on digital interventions for health system strengthening” and provides a systematic process for countries to develop a costed implementation plan for digital health within one or more health programme areas, drawing... guidance from the WHO guideline–recommended digital health interventions, providing direction to ensure investments are needs-based and contribute effective and interoperable systems aligned with national digital architecture, country readiness, health system and policy goals.
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DHS Further Analysis Reports No. 107 - This report, based largely on the 2014-15 national survey in Rwanda, focuses on changes and trends in reproductive behavior since 2010. In the 4-5 years after the 2010 survey, fertility continued its decline to 4.2 births per woman as contraceptive prevalence i...ncreased slightly. However, the earlier downward trend in number of children desired appears stalled. This is clearly evident from an increase in the proportions of married women and men who say they want more children. Child mortality has significantly declined and remains strongly related to fertility; while age at marriage has continued to increase. The demographic goals specified in the 1998-99 plan for development, Rwanda Vision 2020, appear on track, but the annual rate of population growth remains high, currently 2.5%, because fertility is high. Furthermore, large numbers of young people are now entering their child-bearing years. Although most trends seem encouraging, especially compared with other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, significant population growth is expected in Rwanda, from 12 to 16 million people by 2030, and to 22 million people by mid-century, even with assumed reductions of fertility.
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The World Health Organization and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria are part of a group of agencies working together to accelerate progress towards the health-related SDGs through the Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-being for All. Understanding patterns of inequal...ities in these diseases is essential for taking strategic, evidence-informed action to realize our shared vision of ending the epidemics of HIV, TB and malaria.
This report presents the first comprehensive analysis of the magnitude and patterns of socioeconomic, demographic and geographic inequalities in disease burden and access to services for prevention and treatment.
The results confirm there have been improvements in service coverage and decreased disease burden at the national level over the past decade. But they also reveal an uncomfortable reality: unfair inequalities between population subgroups within countries are widespread and have remained largely unchanged over the past decade. For some disease indicators, inequalities are even worsening.
Moreover, the report points to the persistent lack of available data to fully understand inequality patterns in HIV, TB and malaria. Collecting data to improve the monitoring of inequalities in these diseases is vital to develop targeted responses for impact.
There are, encouragingly, isolated successes in reducing inequities. Change is possible when deliberate action is taken to reach disadvantaged populations.
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Working Document Nov. 2020
The COVAX Supply and Logistics workstream lead by UNICEF, Gavi and WHO have released a working copy of the COVID-19 Vaccination, Country Readiness & Delivery: Supply and Logistics Guidance. Countries might find this Guide useful when developing and strengthening their sup...ply chain strategies to receive, store, distribute and manage the COVID-19 vaccines and their ancillary products, in line with their national deployment and vaccination plan (NDVP). The document also provides links to the different tools and resources to aid countries in performing assessment, planning and capacity-building activities.
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This presentation provides an earthquake risk assessment of Mandalay city in Myanmar. It identifies areas of potentially high seismic risk, which will allow national and local authorities to make plans to mitigate the risk, to allocate resources, and plan for emergency responses accordingly, ultimat...ely leading to a safer community.
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Une mission d’appui d’experts diligentés par l’OMS et l’USAID s’est rendue du 17 au 24 novembre au Burkina Faso pour aider le pays dans la mise en place de son plan de prevention et de riposte à une éventuelle épidémie de maladie à virus Ebola. L’équipe a travaillé avec les acteu...rs du niveau national et les partenaires techniques et financiers du pays
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These guidelines deal specifically with water, sanitation and hygiene, and are designed to be used in schools in low-cost settings in low- and medium-resource countries to:
• assess prevailing situations and plan for required improvements;
• develop and reach essential safety standards as a f...irst goal; and
• support the development and application of national policies.
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En Paraguay, la vacunación contra COVID-19 inició el 22 de febrero de 2021. Se han autorizado un total de siete vacunas: Bharat-Covaxin, Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, Sputnik V- Gamaleya y CoronaVac-Sinovac. Los grupos prioritarios de vacunación están definidos según el Plan... Nacional de Vacunación contra COVID-19 en Paraguay
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Depuis plus de trois décennies, le Bénin a souscrit à l’approche des soins de santé primaires
telle que définie à la conférence d’Alma-Ata (1978) et renforcée par l’Initiative de Bamako
(1987). Le pays a mis en oeuvre diverses expériences de soins de santé au niveau
communautaire ...avec l’appui des Partenaires Techniques et Financiers (PTF) et la
participation des Organisations Non Gouvernementales (ONG) et les Organisations
Communautaires de Base (OCB). Celles-ci ont contribué à l’amélioration de l’offre des
services de santé, malgré l’absence d’une politique coordonnée devant servir de cadre
institutionnel à la santé communautaire.
A l’étape actuelle du processus de mise en oeuvre de diverses expériences pilotes d’actions
communautaires, le Ministère de la Santé s’est engagé dans une réflexion visant l’élaboration
d’une politique nationale de santé communautaire. Celle-ci devra servir à encadrer la mise à
l’échelle des interventions communautaires qui ont démontré leur efficacité et leur impact
sur les populations cibles. Cette réflexion a entraîné la tenue du forum national sur la santé
communautaire en Novembre 2013 à Cotonou.
Le document de Politique de Santé Communautaire s’arrime au Plan National de
Développement Sanitaire à travers lequel le Bénin ambitionne de « disposer en 2025 d’un
système de santé performant basé sur des initiatives publiques et privées, individuelles et
collectives, pour l’offre et la disponibilité permanente de soins de qualité, équitable et
accessible aux populations de toutes catégories, fondées sur les valeurs de solidarité et de
partage du risque pour répondre à l’ensemble des besoins de santé du peuple béninois » Dans
le présent document, il est défini une vision, des priorités et des stratégies pour les dix
prochaines années en santé communautaire. La principale innovation réside dans la
conception et la mise en place au niveau de chaque village et quartier de ville de la
composante locale du système national de santé (CoLoSS) en partenariat avec toutes les
parties prenantes. Le document précise les conditions requises et les mesures
d’accompagnement pour la réussite de la nouvelle politique dans le sens de l’autonomisation
(empowerment) progressive des populations.
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Le secrétariat du RSI à l’OMS a développé un outil pour les missions d’EEC qui mesure les aptitudes du pays à prévenir, détecter et répondre rapidement aux menaces de santé publique, conformément aux exigences du RSI (2005). Cet outil est également utilisé pour l’exercice d’auto-...évaluation réalisé par le pays, préalablement à l’EEC. Les résultats ainsi obtenus permettent de préparer un plan d’action national multisectoriel destiné à renforcer la mise en œuvre du RSI (2005).
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Guide dédié à la formation des agents de changement sur la sensibilisation à la lutte contre le paludisme en milieu communautaire.
Ce guide se concentre sur le processus impliqué dans l’adoption de nouvelles attitudes et développe une stratégie de conscientisation et de mobilisation social...e visant à l’appropriation des populations de la lutte contre le paludisme à travers le pays. Au-delà du personnel sanitaire chargé de programmes sur le paludisme, la campagne s’adresse directement aux habitants des communautés bénéficiaires. Ainsi, elle tient compte des orientations du plan stratégique national de lutte contre le paludisme.
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Benchmarking is a strategic process often used by businesses and institutes to standardize performance in relation to the best practices of their sector. The World Health Organization (WHO) and partners have developed a tool with a list of benchmarks and corresponding suggested actions that can be a...pplied to implement the International Health Regulations 2005 (IHR) and strengthen health emergency prevention, preparedness, response and resilience capacities.
The first edition of the benchmarks was published in 2019 to support countries in developing, implementing and documenting progress of national IHR or health security plans (e.g. national action plan for health security (NAPHS), national action plan for emerging infectious diseases, public health emergencies and health security and other country level plans for health emergencies). The tool has been updated to incorporate lessons from COVID-19 and other health emergencies, to align with the updated IHR monitoring & evaluation framework (IHR MEF) tools and the health systems for health security framework, and to support strengthening health emergency prevention, preparedness, response and resilience (HEPR) capacities and the Preparedness and Resilience for Emerging Threats (PRET) initiative.
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The Country Cooperation Strategy is the World Health Organization’s corporate framework developed in response to a country’s needs and priorities. The 2022–2025 CCS is the fourth for WHO in Sierra Leone. It is a medium-term strategic document that defines a broad framework for WHO’s work, at... all levels, with the Government of Sierra Leone and all health partners for the next four years. This document is guided by the country’s major policy and strategy documents including the 2020 National Health and Sanitation Policy (NHSP); the 2021–2025 National Health Sector Strategic Plan (NHSSP); and the 2019–2023 National Medium-term Development Plan (NMTDP). The current CCS also reflects the broad priorities of WHO as outlined in its Thirteenth General Programme of Work (2019–2023, extended to 2025) with a focus on improving access to universal health coverage, protecting people from health emergencies, and improving people’s health and well-being. The CCS priorities are also in alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework (UNSDCF) in Sierra Leone and will contribute to attaining the country's SDG targets
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Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at
risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have
consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health.
In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to
213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals
per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more
Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance.
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This report presents the findings of the Estimating the Size of Populations through a Household Survey (ESPHS) study that took place in 2011. The study utilized a single household survey to estimate the size of several key populations, including sex workers, men who have sex with men (MSM), injectin...g drug users (IDU), and clients of sex workers. These populations include several groups outlined in the National Strategic Plan for HIV and AIDS as most at risk for HIV infection, specifically sex workers and MSM.
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This report has been developed, based on data provided by the TB & ORD surveillance system from across Rwanda. It provides a comprehensive picture of the occurrence and management of TB & ORD and Leprosy in Rwanda. It is structured based on the 2013-2018 Rwanda TB national strategic plan (2013-2018 ...TB NSP) and on the 2014-2018 Rwanda Leprosy national strategic plan (2014-2018 Leprosy NSP).
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The Mexican Constitution sets out the basis for access to health care services and the right to social protection in health for all citizens. The General Health Law establishes that the MoH, together with state governments, is responsibl for the control and eradication of transmissible diseases and ...must establish the necessary measures to prevent and combat all threats to health.
Consequently, the National Health Plan 2019–2024 proposes universal, effective and free access to health care services, including health and epidemiological surveillance for emergencies, for all Mexicans
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