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Update: Interim Guidance for Prevention of Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus — United States, 2016

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) C_CDC

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Mpox Testing Strategy - November 2024

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Mpox was first discovered in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research. The first human case was recorde...d in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox and since then the infection has been reported in a number of African countries. Mpox can spread in humans through close contact, usually skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person or animal, as well as with materials contaminated with the virus such as clothing, beddings and towels, and respiratory droplets in prolonged face to face contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or through bites or scratches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of material from a lesion for the virus’s DNA. Two separate clades of the mpox virus are currently circulating in Africa: Clade I, which includes subclades Ia and Ib, and Clade II, comprising subclades IIa and IIb. Clade Ia and Clade Ib have been associated with ongoing human-to-human transmission and are presently responsible for outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), while Clade Ib is also contributing to outbreaks in Burundi and other countries. In 2022‒2023 mpox caused a global outbreak in over 110 countries, most of which had no previous history of the disease, primarily driven by human-to-human transmission of clade II through sexual contact. In just over a year, over 90,000 cases and 150 deaths were reported to the WHO. For the second time since 2022, mpox has been declared a global health emergency as the virus spreads rapidly across the African continent. On 13 Aug 2024, Africa CDC declared the ongoing mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), marking the first such declaration by the agency since its inception in 2017.7 This declaration empowered the Africa CDC to lead and coordinate responses to the mpox outbreak across affected African countries. On August 14, 2024, the WHO declared the resurgence of mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) emphasizing the need for coordinated international response. As of August 2024, Mpox has expanded beyond its traditional endemic regions, with new cases reported in countries including Sweden, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan. Sweden has confirmed its first case of Clade 1 variant, which has been rapidly spreading in Africa, particularly in DRC. The emergence of this new variant raises concerns about its potential for higher lethality and transmission rates outside Africa. more

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Diagnosis, Case Management Prevention and Control of Leptospirosis
recommended

National Centre for Disease Control; Ministry of Health & Family Welfare India (2015) C1

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Ebola: reducing the risk of transmission

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2014)

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CDC in Sierra Leone: Factsheet

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2015) C_CDC

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Framework for One Health Practice in National Public Health Institutes
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) CC

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COVID-19: Training slides based on guidelines for case-finding, diagnosis, management and public health response in South Africa

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis and Outbreak Response National Department of Health, South Africa (2020) C2

Outline • Welcome and objectives • Microbiology, epidemiology and clinical presentation • Surveillance for imported cases including case definitions • Laboratory diagnosis • Infection prevention and hospital readiness • Patient flow and actions required at each step • Co-ord... more

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Signs or Symptoms of Acute HIV Infection in a Cohort Undergoing Community-Based Screening

M. Hoenigl; N. Green; M. Camacho; et. al Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (2016) C_CDC

Dispatches DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2203.151607 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 22, No. 3, March 2016

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Projected Zika Virus Importation and Subsequent Ongoing Transmission after Travel to the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games —Country-Specific Assessment, July 2016

Ardath Grills, Stephanie Morrison, Bradley Nelson et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) C_CDC

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS)

Communicable Disease Control Branch - Manitoba Health (2010) C2

Communicable Disease Control Branch Communicable Disease Management Protocol – Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), February 2010

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Options for the use of rapid antigen tests for COVID-19 in the EU/EEA and the UK

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2020) C_CDC

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Cadre continental sur le renforcement des systèmes de surveillance de la mortalité en Afrique

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

L'importance de systèmes de surveillance de la mortalité robustes ne peut être surestimée à une époque marquée par des défis sanitaires mondiaux croissants, où les menaces sanitaires pèsent lourd et la dynamique des populations continue d'évoluer. Des données précises et opportunes sur ...la mortalité sont essentielles pour identifier les tendances et détecter les menaces émergentes pour la santé, évaluer l'impact des interventions et orienter les décisions politiques fondées sur des données probantes. Ce cadre décrit une approche holistique pour renforcer les systèmes de surveillance de routine de la mortalité, en tenant compte des facteurs contextuels uniques et des défis auxquels sont confrontés les pays africains. Il souligne l'importance d'établir des mécanismes de collecte de données efficaces, d'améliorer la qualité et l'exhaustivité des données et de promouvoir le partage des données et la collaboration entre les parties prenantes. De plus, le cadre reconnaît le rôle central de la technologie dans l'intégration des données provenant de sources de données fragmentées sur la mortalité. Il met en évidence le potentiel des méthodes innovantes de capture de données, des analyses avancées et des systèmes de notification en temps réel pour améliorer la précision, l'efficacité et l'actualité des données sur la mortalité. Le cadre continental de surveillance de la mortalité s'aligne sur la mission et l'objectif stratégique d'Africa CDC en servant d'élément fondamental dans le renforcement des systèmes de santé publique, l'amélioration des capacités et des capacités de surveillance des maladies, l'élaboration de politiques et d'interventions fondées sur des données probantes et la promotion de la collaboration et de la coordination entre les pays africains pour relever les défis sanitaires et améliorer les résultats sanitaires sur le continent. La mise en œuvre réussie de ce cadre nécessite un engagement collectif et des efforts concertés de la part des gouvernements, des établissements de santé et de la communauté internationale. Nous espérons que ce document servira de catalyseur pour un changement transformateur, permettant aux pays de mettre en place des systèmes de surveillance de la mortalité résilients qui protègent la santé publique, sauvent des vies et contribuent à la prise de décision fondée sur des données probantes. more

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Zika Virus Testing Guidance: Asymptomatic Pregnant Women with Possible Zika Virus Exposure

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2019) C_CDC

Testing Guidance and Interpretation of Results for Healthcare Providers Zika Virus Testing Guidance: Asymptomatic Pregnant Women with Possible Zika Virus Exposure

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Quality Assurance Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Testing for Diagnosis of COVID-19
recommended

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention; AMREF; ASLM; et al. (2021) CC

ASLM in collaboration with the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, and in partnership with the Clinton Health Access Initiative, Amref and Last Mile Health present the Quality Assurance Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Testing for Diagnosis of COVID-19. This framework aims to pr... more

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Infection prevention and control for the care of patients with 2019-nCoV in healthcare settings

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2020) C2

ECDC Technical Report, Fourth Update 3 July 2020

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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in migrants, multi-country cluster - third update, 13 April 2017

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) C1

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Update: Interim Guidelines for Health Care Providers Caring for Pregnant Women and Women of Reproductive Age with Possible Zika Virus Exposure — United States, 2016

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) C_CDC

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Infection Prevention Checklist for Dental Settings

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; US Dept. of Health and Human Services (2016) C1

Basic Expectations for Safe Care

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Epidemiology of Primary Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Vladimir Region, Russia

J. V. Ershova, G. V. Volchenkov, D. A. Kaminski, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015) C_CDC

Emerging Infectious Diseases; Vol. 21, No. 11, November 2015

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Laboratory Testing for the Diagnosis of HIV Infection: Updated Recommendations

Bernard M. Branson, S. Michele Owen, Laura G. Wesolowski et Centers for Disease control and Prevention (2014) C_CDC

This document updates recommendations for HIV testing by laboratories in the United States and offers approaches for reporting test results to persons ordering HIV tests and to public health authorities. The recommended algorithm is a sequence of tests used in combination to improve the accuracy of ... more

Diagnosis, Case Management Prevention and Control of Leptospirosis recommended

Framework for One Health Practice in National Public Health Institutes recommended

Quality Assurance Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Testing for Diagnosis of COVID-19 recommended

Diagnosis, Case Management Prevention and Control of Leptospirosis
recommended

Framework for One Health Practice in National Public Health Institutes
recommended

Quality Assurance Framework for SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Testing for Diagnosis of COVID-19
recommended