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Ethiopia has been repeatedly affected by conflict, flooding, drought, and disease outbreaks in the past years. As of January 2024, the country is actively responding to the longest recorded cholera outbreak which started in August 2022, recurrent me
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asles outbreaks which started in August 2021, and the highest number of malaria cases reported since 2017. The El Niño phenomenon is expected to cause further havoc up to July 2024, by causing drought in some parts of the country, and flooding in others. Food insecurity due to lost harvest and livestock is aggravating already high malnutrition rates, negatively impacting morbidity and mortality.
The Health Cluster is closely collaborating with the Ministry of Health (MOH) to prepare for, prevent, and respond to public health emergencies by mobilizing resources to enable health partners to provide life-saving health services to vulnerable populations.
In an environment with ever-increasing needs and decreased funding, the below priorities for 2024 and 2025 have been identified: 1 Strengthen advocacy for longer-term, development funding to address root causes of recurrent disease outbreaks, including through the Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus 2 Advocate for increased access to quality health services, with a strong focus on:
sexual and reproductive health services (including for survivors of sexual and gender-based violence)
inclusion of people with disabilities, older people, and people living with HIV
remote populations through inclusion of Mobile Health Teams (MHT) as part of the health system 3 Standardize health services provided by Health Cluster partners through the implementation of Essential Health Care packages, aligned with existing MOH guidance, aimed at ensuring quality service delivery for affected populations, especially at community level 4 Strengthen quality of, and access to data for needs analysis and informed decision-making 5 Strengthen subnational coordination, with increased focus on zones and local health partners
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On August 13, 2024, the Africa CDC declared the mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS). The following day, the WHO declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). A coordinated, continent-wide
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response is essential, co-led by the African Union (AU) through the Africa CDC and the World Health Organization (WHO), in close collaboration with global partners working under a unified plan, budget, and monitoring framework.
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The safety of children is a top concern for parents and school authorities in the current mpox outbreak, as those
under 15 face elevated risks, particularly in the hardesthit Northwestern and Eastern regions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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The WHO Health Security Learning Platform (HSLP) is an online training hub that provides courses and toolkits to strengthen countries’ capacities in public-health preparedness, emergency response, and implementation of the International Health Regulations (IHR). It offers self-paced modules and pr
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actical training materials on topics such as outbreak response, points-of-entry management, One Health, and laboratory preparedness, helping health professionals build essential skills for global health security.
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The page lists and describes a number of mobile apps and digital tools provided by WHO/EMRO to support prevention, monitoring and response to epidemic- and pandemic-prone diseases. These include apps focused on diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Zika virus disease, travel-rel
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ated infection prevention, and general infection-control guidance.
In addition, there are tools such as assessment instruments for infection prevention and control programmes (IPC), and portals for emerging infectious-disease information and outbreak investigation support.
Overall, the page serves as a gateway to digital resources that help healthcare workers and public-health professionals access WHO technical guidance, coordinate outbreak responses, and implement control measures for a variety of infectious-disease threats.
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The WHO publication “Surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing for mpox: interim guidance” provides updated global technical guidance on monitoring and responding to mpox (formerly known as monkeypox). It explains how countries should conduct surveillance to detect new outbreaks, car
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ry out case investigation including clinical assessment and lab specimen collection, and perform contact tracing to monitor people exposed to confirmed or probable cases in order to stop transmission and protect at-risk groups. The guidance includes practical recommendations for how long contacts should be monitored (e.g., daily for 21 days without requiring quarantine if symptom-free) and advising good hygiene and reduced exposure risk during the monitoring period. This interim guidance is intended to support public health authorities worldwide in strengthening mpox outbreak detection, response, and reporting.
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The document Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response Technical Guidelines, Booklet Four: Sections 8 and 9 (Third Edition, 2019) provides guidance for strengthening public health surveillance and response systems in the WHO African Region. It focuses on monitoring, supervision, evaluation, and f
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eedback mechanisms to improve the performance and quality of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) systems. The text outlines key surveillance core functions—such as case detection, reporting, data analysis, outbreak investigation, preparedness, response, and feedback—and introduces indicators to measure system effectiveness, including timeliness, completeness, and data quality. Additionally, it discusses the implementation of electronic IDSR (eIDSR) to enhance real-time reporting and outbreak management. Overall, the booklet aims to strengthen early detection, rapid response, and health security capacity across all levels of the health system.
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The document “Guidelines for the Investigation and Control of Disease Outbreaks” provides practical guidance for public health professionals on how to detect, investigate, and manage outbreaks of communicable diseases. It describes the key steps of out
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break investigation, including confirming the outbreak, establishing a case definition, collecting epidemiological and laboratory data, identifying the source and mode of transmission, and implementing control measures. The guidelines also explain how to organize outbreak response teams, communicate findings, and document results in outbreak reports. Overall, the document aims to support systematic and effective outbreak investigations in order to control disease spread and protect public health.
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Previous Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks offer
lessons for public health experts responding to the 11th
outbreak. This review highlights that responders need
to build more trust with the communities they serve. It
suggests that language is f
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undamental to that.
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The Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) Response Plan outlines Tanzania’s national strategy for responding to a Marburg virus outbreak declared in the Kagera Region in January 2025. The document describes the current epidemiological situation, assesses th
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e risks posed by the outbreak, and sets strategic objectives to contain the disease and prevent further transmission. It details response measures across multiple sectors, including surveillance, laboratory testing, case management, infection prevention and control, risk communication, logistics, and community engagement. Furthermore, the plan defines coordination mechanisms, operational procedures, monitoring indicators, and the financial resources required to implement the response. Overall, the plan serves as a comprehensive framework to guide national and international stakeholders in controlling the outbreak and protecting public health.
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The document titled "Cómo combatir el cólera" (How to Combat Cholera) provides comprehensive guidelines on the clinical presentation and management of cholera, particularly in the context of the 2010 Haiti outbreak.
It emphasizes the importance
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of rapid rehydration as a lifesaving measure, detailing protocols for both oral rehydration solutions (ORS) and intravenous (IV) fluids. The document outlines appropriate antibiotic treatments based on patient categories, underscores the necessity of proper sanitation, and offers strategies for effective outbreak control. Additionally, it provides guidance on recognizing severe dehydration and the need for immediate medical intervention to reduce mortality associated with cholera.
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Fason pou Gen Laviktwa sou Kolera
recommended
The document titled "Fason pou Gen Laviktwa sou Kolera" (How to Achieve Victory over Cholera) provides comprehensive guidelines on the clinical presentation and management of cholera, particularly in the context of the 2010 Haiti outbreak. It emphas
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izes rapid rehydration as a lifesaving measure, detailing protocols for both oral rehydration solutions (ORS) and intravenous (IV) fluids. The document outlines appropriate antibiotic treatments based on patient categories, underscores the importance of proper sanitation, and offers strategies for effective outbreak control. Additionally, it provides guidance on recognizing severe dehydration and the necessity of immediate medical intervention to reduce mortality associated with cholera.
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In the last quarter of 2009, tropical storms Ketsana, Pharma and Santi poured the heaviest rainfall on Metro Manila in more than 40 years. This caused massive flooding in the National Capital Region and Region IVA. A few weeks later, the world's biggest leptospirosis
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outbreak reported more than 200 deaths and 3 000 cases in various hospitals around the country.
The Global Outbreak Alert Response (GOARN) investigated the outbreak, and recommended that an integrated information system in emergencies be established, for it would provide early warning for potential disease outbreaks.
Surveillance in Post Extreme Emergencies and Disasters or SPEED was conceptualized to provide real time health information reporting after a disaster.
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The Story of Cholera is seen as a great tool to promote basic hygiene practices and has been narrated in Arabic to be shown in these Settlements. It is seen as both a prevention measure against potential cholera outbreak and/or other type of diarrhe
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al diseases. Tested on site it has received a great welcome from the refugee community and is expected to have a major impact in the hygiene promotion response.
Download flashcards, video and mobile phone version at: http://globalhealthmedia.org/story-of-cholera/videos/registration/
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This section deals with implementing and improving infection control practices in hospitals, health centres and other health services in the outbreak area. It explains the need for, and implementation of, effective triage procedures, and basic requi
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rements for infection control and supporting activities. Further guidance can be found in the MSF Infection Control Guideline
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NLM Launches Emergency Access Initiative, Granting Free Access to Books and Journals for Healthcare Professionals Fighting Ebola Outbreak. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) Emergency Access Initiative (EAI) has been activated to support healthc
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are professionals working on the Ebola public health emergency in West Africa.
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Ebola Alerts
Healthmap
(2014)
This Healthmap from Boston Children’s Hospital tracks publicly reported confirmed and suspected cases of Ebola throughout the world. The map is automatically updated to show current data on the outbreak: Click on: http://healthmap.org/ebola/
Ethical considerations for use of unregistered interventions for Ebola viral disease
World Health Organization
(2014)
West Africa is experiencing the largest, most severe, most complex outbreak of Ebola virus disease in history. On 11 August 2014, WHO convened a consultation where the participants concluded that in the particular context of the current Ebola
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outbreak in West Africa, it is ethically acceptable to offer unproven interventions that have shown promising results in the laboratory and in animal models but have not yet been evaluat-
ed for safety and efficacy in humans as potential treatment or prevention
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Keep Safe – Keep Serving; Liberia: Updated Sept 25 2014.
This document is intended to inform infection prevention and control practices and supply needs in healthcare facilities. As the Ebola outbreak evolves, the document will need to be adapted
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accordingly.
The guidance provides considerations for establishing Ebola Care Centres. Because needs and resources may vary in different settings, these recommendations should be adapted to the situation in each county
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The Ebola crisis has impacted some of the most vulnerable areas of the world, and frontline health workers are struggling to keep pace with the outbreak. The “Training Health Workers for Ebola” series consists of four webinars, and aims to provi
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de health workers with the clear, reliable, and timely information they need to protect themselves, detect the disease, and respond.
This webinar series is offered free of charge by mPowering Frontline Health Workers and IntraHealth.
Please visit the website: http://techchange.org/live-events/training-health-workers-for-ebola/
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