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Sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) and HIV and AIDS linkages integration strategy and implementation plan

Ministry of Health, Gabarone, Botswana (2013) C2

The Government of Botswana’s SRH Policy Guidelines and Service Standards document provides the framework for developing a responsive strategy and an implementation plan for SRHR and HIV&AIDS Linkages and Integration. The global call on governments ... more

Strengthening health systems to improve the health of displaced and migrant populations in the context of climate change Evidence brief

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

The WHO Global research agenda on health, migration and displacement identified the health of displaced and migrant populations in the context of c ... more

Ebola: Beyond the health emergency

Plan (2015)

Summary of research into the consequences of the Ebola outbreak for children and communities in Liberia and Sierra Leone This study describes the range of impacts that Ebola has had on children and families in Liberia and Sierra Leone, looking beyo ... more

Developing and Strengthening Community Health Worker Programs at Scale

Perry, H.; L. Crigler, et al. Maternal and Child Health Integrated Program (MCHIP) (2014)

A Reference Guide for Program Managers and Policy Makers. Recently, a renewed interest in large-scale community health worker (CHW) programs has been seen globally. This renewal provides an opportun ... more

Action global health advocacy partnership

M. Slutsker ACTION global health advocacy partnership; ACTION partner oranizations (2016) C2

From policy to practice: how the TB-HIV response is working “The HIV community must place much more focus on TB co-infection than it has done to date. TB takes the lives of over 1000 people living with HIV every day, a number which is absolut ... more

Human Resources for Health South Africa 2030

Strengthening South Africa's Response to HIV and Health (SARRAH) (2011) C2

HRH SA 2030 | Draft HR Strategy for the Health Sector: 2012/13 – 2016/17 Consultation Document

Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabi ... lities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

The population-level impact of public-sector antiretroviral therapy rollout on adult mortality in rural Malawi

Collin F. Payne and Hans-Peter Kohler (2017) CC

DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH, VOLUME 36, ARTICLE 37, PAGES 1081-1108; PUBLISHED 5 APRIL 2017; http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol36/37/; DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.37

The Senegal urban reproductive health initiative: a longitudinal program impact evaluation

A. Benson; L. Calhoun; M. Corroon; et al. Elsevier (2018) CC

Original research article Contraception 97 (2018) 439–444 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2018.01.003 0010-7824/© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Addressing Inequalities in Global Health: UNU IIGH Strategic Plan 2024–2028

United Nations University UNU (2024) C1

The 2019-2023 Strategy for UNU-IIGH, developed in 2018, built on UNU-IIGH’s strategic advantage and position vis-à-vis the UN and global health ecosystem. The Strategy set a goal to advance evidencebased ... policy on key issues related to sustainable development and health and shifted the Institute’s body of work from investigator-driven global health projects to three priority-driven, policy-relevant pillars of work, each reflecting UNU-IIGH’s unique value position. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit in 2020, the Institute adapted and reprioritised its areas of work while continuing to deliver on the main strategic objectives of translating evidence to policy, generating policy-relevant analyses on gender and health, and strengthening capacity for local decision making especially in the Global South. The new strategic plan encompasses four work packages: 1. Gender Equality and Intersectionality: through this work, we will aim to improve the quality of health care through a human-centred approach, by ensuring the health system is responsive to the needs of structurally excluded individuals and communities; and by advancing a positive and enabling environment for the frontline health workforce—e.g. addressing the experience of gender-based violence. 2. Power and Accountability: through this work, we will catalyse equitable shifts in power and address key accountability deficits that prevent the equitable and effective functioning of the global health system and prevent adequate responsiveness to the needs of states and populations in the Global South. 3. Digital Health Governance: through this work, we will address the colonial legacies and power asymmetries that negatively impact robust digital health governance, identify ways to strengthen health data governance with a particular focus on SRHR and promote diversity in technology design and development. 4. Climate Justice and Determinants of Health: through this work we will leverage UNU-IIGH's position within the UN and network of UNU institutes, network experts, practitioners, policy-makers, and academics to advance evidence-based policy on the different dimensions of the climate emergency and its impact on health. more

Harmonization of community health worker programs for HIV: A four-country qualitative study in Southern Africa

J.-W. De Neve; H. Garrison-Desany; K. G. Andrews; et al. PLOS Medicine (2017) CC

Research Article PLOS Medicine | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002374 August 8, 2017

Action plan (2022–2030) to effectively implement the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol as a public health priority

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

Alcohol consumption is deeply embedded in the social landscape of many societies. Several major factors have an impact on levels and patterns of alcohol consumption in populations – such as historical trends in alcohol consumption, the availability of alcohol, culture, economic status and trends i ... more

Promoting Health - Guide to national implementationof the Shanghai Declaration

World Health Organization WHO (2018) C_WHO

Guide to national implementation of the Shanghai Declaration describes policy orientations and approaches that can unlock the transformative potential of health promotion for sustainable development ... more

Where, Why And For How Much: Diversity In Career Preferences Of Future Health Workers In Rwanda

Lievens, T., Serneels, P. & Butera, D. Human Resources for Health (2008) C2

Health Systems for Outcomes Publication | The government of Rwanda has identified human resources for health as one of its policy priorities. This ... more

A triple dividend: The health, social and economic gains from financing the HIV response in Africa

Cook, R.; S. Jain; S. Aleyan; et al. Economist Impact (2023) CC

This report presents findings from research conducted by Economist Impact to assess the health, demographic, social and economic impacts associated with different scenarios for financing the HIV epi ... more

The European Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2020
recommended

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe (2015) C_WHO

Mental disorders are one of the top public health challenges in the WHO European Region, affecting about 25% of the population every year. In all countries, mental health problems are much more prev ... more

Liberia: Demographic and Health Survey 2019-2020

Liberia Institute of Statistics and Geo-Information Services (LISGIS) Monrovia, Liberia The DHS Program ICF (2021) C2

The LDHS provides an opportunity to inform policy and provide data for planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of national health programs. It is designed to provide up-to-date infor ... more

Communication Risk in Public Health Emergencies
recommended

World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) C_WHO

A WHO Guideline for Emergency Risk Communication (ERC) policy and practice. Recent public health emergencies, such as the Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa (2014–2015), the emergence o ... more

Republic of Kenya: National Policy on Prevention and Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance

Government of Kenya (2017) C2

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat that requires urgent collaborative action within and among countries. AMR makes standard treatments ineffective and facilitates the spread of antimicrobial resistant infections rendering communities vulnerable. The Ministry of ... more

Health Taxes in the Polycrisis Era

Klemperer K., Baker P. Center for Global Development (2024) CC

In 2019, the Task Force on Fiscal Policy for Health concluded that taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages were a highly effective but greatly underused ... more