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Estimates of aid for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health: findings from application of the Muskoka2 method, 2002–17

Dingle, A.; Schäferhoff, M.; Borghi, J. et al. The Lancet (2020) CC

Background Four methods have previously been used to track aid for reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH). At a meeting of donors and stakeholders in May, 2018, a single, agreed method was requested to produce accurate, predictable, transparent, and up-to-date estimates that coul...d be used for analyses from both donor and recipient perspectives. Muskoka2 was developed to meet these needs. We describe Muskoka2 and present estimates of levels and trends in aid for RMNCH in 2002–17, with a focus on the latest estimates for 2017. Methods Muskoka2 is an automated algorithm that generates disaggregated estimates of aid for reproductive health, maternal and newborn health, and child health at the global, donor, and recipient-country levels. We applied Muskoka2 to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Creditor Reporting System (CRS) aid activities database to generate estimates of RMNCH disbursements in 2002–17. The percentage of disbursements that benefit RMNCH was determined using CRS purpose codes for all donors except Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance; the UN Population Fund; and UNICEF; for which fixed percentages of aid were considered to benefit RMNCH. We analysed funding by donor for the 20 largest donors, by recipient-country income group, and by recipient for the 16 countries with the greatest RMNCH need, defined as the countries with the worst levels in 2015 on each of seven health indicators. Findings After 3 years of stagnation, reported aid for RMNCH reached $15·9 billion in 2017, the highest amount ever reported. Among donors reporting in both 2016 and 2017, aid increased by 10% ($1·4 billion) to $15·4 billion between 2016 and 2017. Child health received almost half of RMNCH disbursements in 2017 (46%, $7·4 billion), followed by reproductive health (34%, $5·4 billion), and maternal and newborn health (19%, $3·1 billion). The USA ($5·8 billion) and the UK ($1·6 billion) were the largest bilateral donors, disbursing 46% of all RMNCH funding in 2017 (including shares of their core contributions to multilaterals). The Global Fund and Gavi were the largest multilateral donors, disbursing $1·7 billion and $1·5 billion, respectively, for RMNCH from their core budgets. The proportion of aid for RMNCH received by low-income countries increased from 31% in 2002 to 52% in 2017. Nigeria received 7% ($1·1 billion) of all aid for RMNCH in 2017, followed by Ethiopia (6%, $876 million), Kenya (5%, $754 million), and Tanzania (5%, $751 million). Interpretation Muskoka2 retains the speed, transparency, and donor buy-in of the G8's previous Muskoka approach and incorporates eight innovations to improve precision. Although aid for RMNCH increased in 2017, low-income and middle-income countries still experience substantial funding gaps and threats to future funding. Maternal and newborn health receives considerably less funding than reproductive health or child health, which is a persistent issue requiring urgent attention. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health. more

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Folgen der US-Kürzungen und der Auflösung von USAID: Eine Analyse und Handlungsempfehlungen für Akteure in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit

Liebau L., Rüppel T., Schottmayer K. medmissio (2025) CC

Dieses Dokument bietet eine Problemanalyse der US-Kürzungen im Bereich globale Gesundheit und leitet daraus konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für medizinische Akteure ab. Im Fokus steht die Analyse der direkten Auswirkungen auf die gesundheitsspezifische Entwicklungszusammenarbeit.

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Folgen der US-Kürzungen und der Auflösung von USAID: Eine Analyse und Handlungsempfehlungen für Akteure in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit - Kurzfassung

Liebau L., Rüppel T., Schottmayer K. medmissio (2025) CC

Diese zweiseitige Kurzfassung bietet eine Problemanalyse der US-Kürzungen im Bereich globale Gesundheit und leitet daraus konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für medizinische Akteure ab. Im Fokus steht die Analyse der direkten Auswirkungen auf die gesundheitsspezifische Entwicklungszusammenarbeit.

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Consequences of the US budget cuts and the dissolution of USAID: An analysis and recommendations for action for stakeholders in international development cooperation

Liebau L., Rüppel T., Schottmayer K. medmissio (2025) CC

This publication provides a problem analysis of the U.S. cuts in global health and derives concrete recommendations for action for medical actors. The focus is on analyzing the direct effects on health-specific development cooperation.

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Consequences of the US budget cuts and the dissolution of USAID: An analysis and recommendations for action for stakeholders in international development cooperation - Executive Summary

Liebau L., Rüppel T., Schottmayer K. medmissio (2025) CC

This two-page summary provides a problem analysis of the U.S. cuts in global health and derives concrete recommendations for action for medical actors. The focus is on analyzing the direct effects on health-specific development cooperation.

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Educating medical and nursing students to provide mental health, neurological and substance use care: A practical guide for pre-service education

World Health Organization WHO (2025) C_WHO

Pre-service education sets the foundation for preparing health professionals to provide services within health systems. Educating medical and nursing students to provide mental health, neurological and substance use care: A practical guide for pre-service education provides a practical framework for... more

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Unersetzlich, wirksam, günstig, verantwortungsvoll: Warum ODA für globale Gesundheit entscheidend ist

Tilman Rüppel and Joachim Rüppel medmissio (2025) CC

Diese Publikation erklärt anhand von Grafiken die Wichtigkeit von Entwicklungszusammenarbeit im Allgemeinen und für Gesundheit im Speziellen. Denn finanzielle Beiträge im Rahmen der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten als unerlässlich, wirksam, günstig und verantwor... more

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Irreplaceable, effective, affordable, responsible: Why ODA is crucial for global health

Tilman Rüppel and Joachim Rüppel medmissio (2025) CC

This publication uses graphics to explain the importance of development cooperation in general and for health in particular. Financial contributions in the context of development cooperation have proven to be indispensable, effective, affordable and responsible in recent decades.

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Traitement du paludisme d’importation de l’enfant | Pas à Pas en Pédiatrie

Minodier P., Imbert P. Elsevier Masson (2025) C2

L’article « Traitement du paludisme d’importation de l’enfant » sur le site Pas à Pas en Pédiatrie traite de la prise en charge médicale du paludisme chez les enfants revenant de zones endémiques. Il décrit les différents types de paludisme, les symptômes à reconnaître, les critère... more

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Breathe easy: Learning about adolescent asthma

Ramnath, K. Media Production Archives (2022) CC

Asthma is a common breathing condition. Chances are that at least one in every fifth person will have it. People with asthma might have a cough, or wheeze and a feeling of tightness in their chests. A group of researchers from the United Kingdom teamed up with seven African countries to learn about ... more

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Community Health Academy Resources

Last Mile Health Last Mile Health (2021) CC

The Community Health Academy works to train and grow the community health workforce. While we prioritize the health workers in the five countries where Last Mile Health works, we also share many of our products and services globally to support the health workforce. The Academy’s scope is two-fo... more

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Urbanization and childhood asthma: An African perspective

Weinberg, E.G. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000) CC

The increasing prevalence of childhood asthma in the developed world is a cause for concern. A so-called Western lifestyle has been the factor most commonly cited to explain this worrying increase in asthma prevalence. Early studies in a limited number of African countries showed a very low rural pr... more

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Community-Based Child Protection Mechanisms in Refugee Camps in Rwanda: An Ethnographic Study

Child Protection in Crisis Network for Research, Learning & Action (2013) CC

Despite the increasing population of refugees stuck in protracted situations and our awareness of the vulnerability of children and adolescents growing in up these contexts, relatively little is known about community based child protection mechanisms (CBCPMs) in refugee communities. CBCPMs, defined ... more

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Facilitating access to medicines and continuity of care for Ukrainian refugees: exceptional response or the promise of more inclusive healthcare for all migrants?

Aljadeeah, S.; Michielsen, J.; Ravinetto, R. et al. (2022) C2

The Ukrainian refugee crisis has received prompt attention not only from concerned citizens outside Ukraine and the United Nations agencies but also from the European Commission (EC). For the first time, the Temporary Protection Directive 2001/55/EC was activated, enabling immediate access to health... more

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The Abuja Declaration: Ten Years On

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2010) CC

Follow up to the so called Abuja Declaration ten years later: In April 2001, heads of state of African Union countries met and pledged to set a target of allocating at least 15% of their annual budget to improve the health sector. At the same time, they urged donor countries to "fulfil the yet to be... more

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Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine War on Global Food Security: Towards More Sustainable and Resilient Food Systems?

Ben Hassen, T.; El Bilali, H. (2022) CC

As a conflict between two major agricultural powers, the Russia–Ukraine war has various negative socioeconomic impacts that are now being felt internationally and might worsen, notably, for global food security. If the war deepens, the food crisis will worsen, posing a challenge to many countries,... more

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Questions and Answers on Covid-19 and Diabetes

World Health Organization WHO African Region (2020) C_WHO

Does Diabetes make someone vulnerable to getting COVID-19: People with Diabetes are not more likely to get the virus compared to the general public. However, if they contact CoVID-19, people with diabetes are more likely to have serious complications and become seriously ill from COVID-19, than t... more

Diabetes (Pocket Guide)

Ministry of Health Singapore - Health Hub (2024) CC2

Here’s an easy to follow visual guide for all you need to know about diabetes including its signs, causes, risk factors, complications and tips to manage the condition.

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Community engagement from a distance

Shongjog, the national platform for Communication with Communities in Bangladesh. BBC Media Action (2020) C2

This short guide is designed to assist development and humanitarian agencies to think through how risk communication and community engagement activity related to Covid-19 can be carried out without face-to-face interaction with communities. By using remote methods, agencies will be able to safeguard... more