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A Compendium of Tools and Methods to Address Social Inequities Affecting the Health and Well-being of Women, Children, and Adolescents in Latin America and the Caribbean

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2023) C_WHO

To support the achievement of health equity in the Region, the regional inter-agency movement Every Woman Every Child Latin America and the Caribbean (EWEC-LAC) advocates for and supports the use of equity and evidence-based policies, strategies and interventions to accelerate equitable progress in ... more

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Functionality Matrix for Optimizing Community Health Programs - Updated Program

Community Health Impact Coalition (2018) CC

As the global community aims to fulfill its commitments to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and the achievement of universal health coverage, dozens of countries have committed to the expansion of community health workers (CHWs) as the front line of their healthcare systems [1, 2]. Robust resea... more

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Modelling the health impacts of disruptions to essential health services during COVID-19

UN Children's Fund UNICEF; Umited Nations Popuilation Fund UNFPA; World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

- Module 1: Understanding modelling approaches for sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health, and nutrition Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a wide range of documented effects. It directly causes death and disability for some people infected. However, disruption to... more

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Migration and health: key issues

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe (2016) C_WHO

The most frequent health problems of newly arrived refugees and migrants include accidental injuries, hypothermia, burns, gastrointestinal illnesses, cardiovascular events, pregnancy- and delivery-related complications, diabetes and hypertension. Female refugees and migrants frequently face specific... more

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Rwanda 2014-15 Demographic and Health Survey - Key Findings

National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], and ICF International (2016) C2

This report provides an overview of the Key findings of the Rwanda 2014-2015 Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS). The 2014-15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) was designed to provide data for monitoring the population and health situation in Rwanda. The 2014-15 RDHS is the fifth Demogra... more

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Peru - Health Indicators

World Health Organization WHO HDX (2022) C_WHO

Contains data from World Health Organization's data portal covering the following categories: Mortality and global health estimates, Sustainable development goals, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Health systems, Malaria, Tuberculosis, Child health, Infectious diseases, Neglected Tropical Disea... more

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Assessing and managing children at primary health-care facilities to prevent overweight and obesity in the context of the double burden of malnutrition
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2017) C_WHO

Updates for the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) - Guideline. As part of its response to the global epidemic of obesity, WHO has issued guidelines to support primary healthcare workers identify and manage children who are overweight or obese. Specifically, all infants and children ... more

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Rwanda: National Integrated Child Rights Policy

Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion, Government of Rwanda (2011) C2

It is the policy of the GoR to ensure that children’s rights are met through the provision of basic needs and services for all children in the country, and protect them from abuse and exploitation. Children are defined as persons below the age of 18 years and the ICRP covers children from the time... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Evolution and effectiveness of bilateral and multilateral development assistance for health: a mixed-methods review of trends and strategic shifts (1990–2022)

Xie S., Du S., Huang Y., et al. BMJ Global Health (2025) CC

Development assistance for health (DAH) plays a vital role in supporting health programmes in lowand middle-income countries. While DAH has historically focused on infectious diseases and maternal and child health, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of DAH trends, strategic shifts and the... more

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Lung health in Africa: challenges and opportunities in the context of COVID-19

Ozho, O.B.; Mbatchou Ngahane, B.H.; Zar, H.J.; et al. American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology (2021) CC2

The article discusses the challenges and opportunities for lung health in Africa in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the strain on healthcare systems, the increase in chronic respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD, and the limited resources for managing these conditions. The pa... more

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Guidelines for the prevention, surveillance and management of COVID-19 infection among health care workers in Zimbabwe

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa (2022) C_WHO

The Guidelines for the Prevention, Surveillance and Management of COVID-19 Infection amongst Health Care Workers (HCW) in Zimbabwe were developed to prevent, detect and manage HCW COVID-19 infection, an emerging pandemic affecting the whole world. The HCW is at the fore front of this pandemic, thus ... more

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A Second Revolution: Thirty years of child rights, and the unfinished agenda

Terre des hommes, Save the Children, Plan International, SOS Children's Villages International, World Vision, ChildFund Alliance (2019) C2

The report showed commitments made three decades ago to protect the rights of children remain unfulfilled for millions. Violence still affects countless children. Discrimination based on age, gender, disability, sexual orientation and religion harms children worldwide. Key factors include a lack ... more

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Colombia's Health Emergency Appeal 2023

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

Colombia is characterized by a fragile and prolonged humanitarian context marked by recurrent multi-hazards affecting its territories and combined with severe structural and systemic challenges within the health system. Recent shocks, including the COVID-19 pandemic, growing violence within the Col... more

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The State of the World’s Children 2023: For Every Child, Vaccination

UN Children's Fund UNICEF (2023) C1

New data indicates declining confidence in childhood vaccines of up to 44 percentage points in some countries during the COVID-19 pandemic New UNICEF report shows 67 million children missed out on one or more vaccinations over three years due to service disruption caused by strained health system... more

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mhGAP Intervention Guide Mental Health Gap Action Programme Version 2.0 for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings
recommended

Tarun Dua, Nicolas Clark, Neerja Chowdhary et al. World Health Organisation (WHO) (2016) C_WHO

The key updates include: content update in various sections based on new evidence; design changes for enhanced usability; a streamlined and simplified clinical assessment that includes an algorithm for follow-up; inclusion of two new modules - Essential Care and Practice that includes general guid... more

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A Second Revolution: Thirty years of child rights, and the unfinished agenda. Summary

Terre des hommes, Save the Children, Plan International, SOS Children's Villages International, World Vision, ChildFund Alliance (2019) C2

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Lessons learned in developing community mental health care in Latin American and Caribbean countries

Denise Razzouk , Guilherme Gregório, Renato Antunes, Jair de Jesus Mari (World Psychiatry (2012) CC

This paper summarizes the findings for the Latin American and Caribbean countries of the WPA Task Force on Steps, Obstacles and Mistakes to Avoid in the Implementation of Community Mental Health Care. It presents an overview of the provision of mental health services in the region; describes key exp... more

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Disruption in essential health services in Mexico during COVID-19: an interrupted time series analysis of health information system data

Doubova SV, Leslie HH, Kruk ME, et al. BMJ Global Health (2021) CC

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted health systems around the world. The objectives of this study are to estimate the overall effect of the pandemic on essential health service use and outcomes in Mexico, describe observed and predicted trends in services over 24 months, and to estimat... more

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Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey 2016-18 Key Indicators Report

National Statistical Office Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, The DHS Program (2019) C2

The DHS report itself explains the purpose was, “to obtain and provide information on basic indicators of social progress including fertility, childhood mortality, reproductive and child health, nutritional status of children, and awareness of HIV/AIDS and other health-related issues” in PNG. Th... more

Assessing and managing children at primary health-care facilities to prevent overweight and obesity in the context of the double burden of malnutrition recommended

mhGAP Intervention Guide Mental Health Gap Action Programme Version 2.0 for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings recommended

Assessing and managing children at primary health-care facilities to prevent overweight and obesity in the context of the double burden of malnutrition
recommended

mhGAP Intervention Guide Mental Health Gap Action Programme Version 2.0 for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings
recommended