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Therapeutics and COVID-19 (Living Guideline, 10 November 2023)

World Health Organization WHO (2023) C_WHO

WHO has updated its guidelines for COVID-19 therapeutics, with revised recommendations for patients with non-severe COVID-19. This is the 13th update to these guidelines. Updated risk rates for hospital admission in patients with non-severe COVID-19 The guidance includes updated risk rates for... hospital admission in patients with non-severe COVID-19. The current COVID-19 virus variants tend to cause less severe disease while immunity levels are higher due to vaccination, leading to lower risks of severe illness and death for most patients. This update includes new baseline risk estimates for hospital admission in patients with non-severe COVID-19. The new ‘moderate risk’ category now includes people previously considered to be high risk including older people and/or those with chronic conditions, disabilities, and comorbidities of chronic disease. The updated risk estimates will assist healthcare professionals to identify individuals at high, moderate or low risk of hospital admission, and to tailor treatment according to WHO guidelines: **High: **People who are immunosuppressed remain at higher risk if they contract COVID-19, with an estimated hospitalization rate of 6%. **Moderate: **People over 65 years old, those with conditions like obesity, diabetes and/or chronic conditions including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney or liver disease, cancer, people with disabilities and those with comorbidities of chronic disease are at moderate risk, with an estimated hospitalization rate of 3%. Low: Those who are not in the high or moderate risk categories are at low risk of hospitalization (0.5%). Most people are low risk. Review of COVID-19 treatments for people with non-severe COVID-19 WHO continues to strongly recommend nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (also known by its brand name ‘Paxlovid’) for people at high-risk and moderate risk of hospitalization. The recommendations state that nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is considered the best choice for most eligible patients, given its therapeutic benefits, ease of administration and fewer concerns about potential harms. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was first recommended by WHO in April 2022. If nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is not available to patients at high-risk of hospitalization, WHO suggests the use of molnupiravir or remdesivir instead. WHO suggests against the use of molnupiravir and remdesivir for patients at moderate risk, judging the potential harms to outweigh the limited benefits in patients at moderate risk of hospital admission. For people at low risk of hospitalization, WHO does not recommend any antiviral therapy. Symptoms like fever and pain can continue to be managed with analgesics like paracetamol. WHO also recommends against use of a new antiviral (VV116) for patients, except in clinical trials. The update also includes a strong recommendation against the use of ivermectin for patients with non-severe COVID-19. WHO continues to advise that in patients with severe or critical COVID-19, ivermectin should only be used in clinical trials. more

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Tuberculosis Research Funding Trends 2005-2020

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2021) C_WHO

Previous advocacy efforts have achieved tangible goals in terms garnering political commitments to increase financing for TB—as seen at the 2018 UN High-Level Meeting on TB. The challenge now is to ensure that these commitments are actually met within a global biomedical research ecosystem that... more

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Risk factors of Cholera mortality

Global Task Force On Cholera Control (GTFCC) (2022) CC

To better adapt current case management practices and address excess mortality in otherwise treatable cases will require better knowledge of the demographic characteristics of the patients and comorbidities which can make severe dehydration harder to tolerate physiologically. With this in mind, a ... more

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A four-step process for building sustainable access to diagnosis and treatment of Chagas disease

Batista, C.; Forsyth, C.; Herazo, F.; et al. Pan American Journal of Public Health (2019) CC

Over 6 million people worldwide are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan that causes Chagas disease (CD). T. cruzi is transmitted by triatomine insects, congenitally, through uncontrolled blood donations and organ transplants, and via consumption of food or drink contaminated by triatomi... more

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Interim Guidance Document on Cholera Surveillance

Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) World Health Organisation (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

The objective of this guidance document is to support the public health professionals in implementing effective surveillance of cholera in at-risk, endemic and epidemic areas. This document has been developed by the Surveillance Working Group of the Global Task Force for Cholera Control (GTFCC) a... more

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SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing for public health goals: Interim guidance, 8 January 2021

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

The growing understanding of how sequence information can contribute to improved public health is driving global investments in sequencing facilities and programmes. The falling cost and complexity of generating GSD provides opportunities for expanding sequencing capacity; however, challenges to wid... more

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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions

World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) C_WHO

Scientific Brief 9 July 2020

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Standard treatment guidelines organ transplant: Liver (India)

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, India (2020) C1

Accessed Febr. 6, 2020

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BNF for Children 2019-2020

BMA; Royal Pharmaceutical Society, etal. (2020) C2

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Africa CDC: Event based Surveillance Framework

Africa CDC (2018) C_CDC

Event-based surveillance (EBS) is defined as the organized collection, monitoring, assessment and interpretation of mainly unstructured ad hoc information regarding health events or risks, which may represent an acute risk to health. Both indicator-based and event-based surveillance components serve... more

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Africa CDC Event-based Surveillance Framework: interim version 2018

African Union; Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention Africa CDC (2018) CC

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Target Product Profile (TPP) for the development of improved Cholera rapid diagnostic tests

Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) World Health Organisation (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

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The clinical assessment of infants, preschoolers and their families

S. Mares; S. Woodgate IACAPAP (2017) C2

Introduction Chapter A.4 2017 edition

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Ghana: GUIDELINES FOR REPORTING ADVERSE REACTION

Food and Drugs Authority (FDA), Ghana (2016) C2

Document No. : FDA/SMC/SMD/GL-RAR/2013/01

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Ghana: GUIDELINES FOR SAFETY MONITORING OF MEDICINAL PRODUCTS

Food and Drug Authority (FDA), Ghana (2016) C2

Document No. : FDA/SMC/SMD/GL-SMP/2015/05 | These guidelines are for information, guidance and strict compliance by Marketing Authorization Holders and Local Representatives of regulated products to help in the continuous safety monitoring of products granted marketing authorization in Ghana.

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Nodding syndrome and epilepsy in onchocerciasis endemic regions: comparing preliminary observations from South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo with data from Uganda

R. Colebunders, A. Hendy, J.L. Mokili, et al. (2016) CC

BMC Res Notes (2016) 9:182 DOI 10.1186/s13104-016-1993-7

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Pharmaceutical Waste Management An Overview

Kadam. A.; et al. (2016) C1

European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol.3 (2016) 1, 192-206 This review shows that if all sub areas of pharmaceutical waste management can efficiently work back to back environmental pollution and dangers to human health can reduce significantly.