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Government policy interventions to reduce human antimicrobial use: A systematic review and evidence map

Van Katwyk, S. R.; Grimshaw, J. M.; et al (2019) C2

BACKGROUND: Growing political attention to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) offers a rare opportunity for achieving meaningful action. Many governments have developed national AMR action plans, but most have not yet implemented policy interventions to reduce antimicrobial overuse. A systematic evidenc...e map can support governments in making evidence-informed decisions about implementing programs to reduce AMR, by identifying, describing, and assessing the full range of evaluated government policy options to reduce antimicrobial use in humans. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Seven databases were searched from inception to January 28, 2019, (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PAIS Index, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and PubMed). We identified studies that (1) clearly described a government policy intervention aimed at reducing human antimicrobial use, and (2) applied a quantitative design to measure the impact. We found 69 unique evaluations of government policy interventions carried out across 4 of the 6 WHO regions. These evaluations included randomized controlled trials (n = 4), non-randomized controlled trials (n = 3), controlled before-and-after designs (n = 7), interrupted time series designs (n = 25), uncontrolled before-and-after designs (n = 18), descriptive designs (n = 10), and cohort designs (n = 2). From these we identified 17 unique policy options for governments to reduce the human use of antimicrobials. Many studies evaluated public awareness campaigns (n = 17) and antimicrobial guidelines (n = 13); however, others offered different policy options such as professional regulation, restricted reimbursement, pay for performance, and prescription requirements. Identifying these policies can inform the development of future policies and evaluations in different contexts and health systems. Limitations of our study include the possible omission of unpublished initiatives, and that policies not evaluated with respect to antimicrobial use have not been captured in this review. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study to provide policy makers with synthesized evidence on specific government policy interventions addressing AMR. In the future, governments should ensure that AMR policy interventions are evaluated using rigorous study designs and that study results are published. more

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Inequalities in maternal health care utilization in Benin: a population based cross-sectional study

Sanni Yaya , Olalekan A. Uthman, Agbessi Amouzou, Michael Ekholuenetale, Ghose Bishwajit BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (2018) C2

Yaya et al. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (2018) 18:194 Ensuring equitable access to maternal health care including antenatal, delivery, postnatal services and fertility control methods, is one of the most critical challenges for public health sector. There are significant disparities in materna... more

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An Evaluative Study of Services Provided in Community-Based Rehabilitation Centres in Jordan

Wesam B Darawsheh (2017) CC

Purpose: This research study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the services provided by CBR programmes in Jordan. Method: This was a mixed- methods investigation. A survey was carried out with 47 participants (stakeholders and volunteers) from four CBR centres in Jordan. It comprised 18 que... more

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Standards for Prosthetics and Orthotics. Part 1: Standards

World Health Organization (WHO) (2017) C_WHO

WHO, in partnership with the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics (ISPO) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), has published global standards for prosthetics and orthotics. Its aim is to ensure that prosthetics and orthotics services are people-centred an... more

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Cross-sectional Survey to Assess Prevalence of Disability and Access to Services in Albay Province, The Philippines

Hodge, M., Bolinas, A., Jaucian, E., et al. Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development Journal (DCIDJ) (2017) CC

In this article a cluster randomized cross-sectional survey, conducted in Albay Province in the Philippines in April 2016, was used to assess the prevalence of disability and access to support services. This was done with the purpose of generating representative data for local programme development... more

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WHEELCHAIR SERVICE TRAINING PACKAGE Participant's Workbook (Intermediate level)
recommended

Sarah Frost, Kylie Mines, Jamie Noon, Elsje Scheffler, and Rebecca Jackson Stoeckle WHO; USAID (2013) C_WHO

Following the release of the Wheelchair Service Training Package – Basic level (WSTP-B), WHO in partnership with United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has developed the Wheelchair Service Training Package – Intermediate Level (WSTP-I). WSTP-I is the second part of the WHO w... more

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DISABILITY POLICY AUDIT IN NAMIBIA, SWAZILAND, MALAWI AND MOZAMBIQUE (Final Report)

Lang, R SAFOD & DFID (2008) C2

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West & Central Africa HIV catch-up - WHO in an era of transformation

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2023) C_WHO

The Transformation Agenda (TA) ushered in an ambitious reform process intended to transform the World Health Organization (WHO) into an organization that is proactive, results-driven, accountable and which meets stakeholder expectations, towards transforming and improving public health services in t... more

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Africa CDC Event-based Surveillance Resources

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023) CC

The Event-based Surveillance Framework is intended to be used by authorities and agencies responsible for surveillance and response. This framework serves as an outline to guide stakeholders interested in implementing event-based surveillance (EBS) using a multisectoral, One Health approach. To ... more

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USA National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria 2020-2025

U.S. Government (2020) C2

The National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (CARB), 2020-2025, presents coordinated, strategic actions that the United States Government will take in the next five years to improve the health and wellbeing of all Americans by changing the course of antibiotic resistance. T... more

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Global Plan to End TB 2023-2030

Stop TB Partnership; UNOPS; END TB (2022) C1

This Global Plan builds on the previous edition, which laid out priority actions for 2018-2022, informed by global commitments member states endorsed at the 2018 United Nations High-Level Meeting (UNHLM) on TB. The resource needs estimates from this Global Plan include resources needed for implement... more

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Multi-Professional Patient Safety Curriculum Guide

World Health Organization WHO (2011) C_WHO

The Multi-professional Patient Safety Curriculum Guide (2011) was developed to assist in the teaching of patient safety in universities and schools in the fields of dentistry, medicine, midwifery, nursing and pharmacy. It also supports the on-going training of all health care professionals. The C... more

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How to respond to vocal vaccine deniers in public: best practice guidance
recommended

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Europe (2021) C_WHO

This guidance document provides basic principles for a spokesperson of any health authority on how to respond to vocal vaccine deniers. The suggestions are based on psychological research on persuasion, on research in public health, communication studies and on WHO risk communication guidelines.

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Clinical Handbook on the health care of Survivors Subjected to Intimate Partner Violence and/or Sexual Violence, Namibia

Ministry of Health and Social Services, Namibia; WHO; UNFPA; et al. (2020) C_WHO

This handbook is an adaptation from the WHO Clinical Handbook Health care for women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), UN Women and United Nations Population Fund. The handbook draws on the work from professionals who are dedic... more

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Whole-genome sequencing for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance

World Health Organization WHO; Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) (2020) C_WHO

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides a vast amount of information and the highest possible resolution for pathogen subtyping. The application of WGS for global surveillance can provide information on the early emergence and spread of AMR and further inform timely policy development on AMR control.... more

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Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety, 5–6 June 2019

World Health Organization WHO (2019) C_WHO

The Committee examined the clinical development of Ebola virus vaccines and conducted an inventory of available data on their safety. It also reviewed 3 generic issues: updating a global strategy on vaccine safety, use of a network of distributed data ... more

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Checking in on the Checklist

Buissonniere, M. Lifebox and Ariadne Labs (2019) CC

The report and an accompanying series of studies show the global uptake of the World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist in its first ten years since its launch and recommend ways the Checklist can be more effectively used to improve surgical safety for millions at risk. The report ... more

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Mental health, human rights and standards of care
recommended

World Health Organization WHO; Regional Office for Europe (2018) C_WHO

Assessment of the quality of institutional care for adults with psychosocial and intellectual disabilities in the WHO European Region. The specific objectives of the project were to address gaps in knowledge about the number and characteristics of such long-term institutions and to identify deficie... more

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Building Capacity for Disability Inclusion in Gender-based Violence (GBV) Programming in Humanitarian Settings
recommended

Leora Ward, Emma Pearce, Dale Buscher et al. Women’s Refugee Commission (WRC) and The International Rescue Committee (IRC) (2015) C1

Women and girls with mental and intellectual disabilities were perceived to be most at risk of sexual violence, and family and service providers may only become aware of sexual violence against them when they become pregnant. Discrimination by GBV service providers, family and community members was... more

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Building capacity for creating demand in support of malaria prevention and control

Sue George, John Dada, Kolawole Maxwell et al. Malaria Consortium (2014)

In the context of the Support to National Malaria Control Programme (SuNMaP), demand creation is the strategic combination of advocacy, communication and mobilisation approaches that seek to achieve increased community awareness of, and demand for, effective malaria prevention and treatment services... more

WHEELCHAIR SERVICE TRAINING PACKAGE Participant's Workbook (Intermediate level) recommended

How to respond to vocal vaccine deniers in public: best practice guidance recommended

Mental health, human rights and standards of care recommended

Building Capacity for Disability Inclusion in Gender-based Violence (GBV) Programming in Humanitarian Settings recommended

WHEELCHAIR SERVICE TRAINING PACKAGE Participant's Workbook (Intermediate level)
recommended

How to respond to vocal vaccine deniers in public: best practice guidance
recommended

Mental health, human rights and standards of care
recommended

Building Capacity for Disability Inclusion in Gender-based Violence (GBV) Programming in Humanitarian Settings
recommended