Technical Update
HIV Treatment
July 2017
Epidemiology
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and transmitted to humans by infected triatomine bugs, and less commonly by transfusion, organ transplant, from mother to infant, and in rare instances, by ingestion of contaminated food or... drink.1-4 The hematophagous triatomine vectors defecate during or immediately after feeding on a person. The parasite is present in large numbers in the feces of infected bugs, and enters the human body through the bite wound, or through the intact conjunctiva or other mucous membrane.
Vector-borne transmission occurs only in the Americas, where an estimated 8 to 10 million people have Chagas disease.5 Historically, transmission occurred largely in rural areas in Latin America, where houses built of mud brick are vulnerable to colonization by the triatomine vectors.4 In such areas, Chagas disease usually is acquired in childhood. In the last several decades, successful vector control programs have substantially decreased transmission rates in much of Latin America, and large-scale migration has brought infected individuals to cities both within and outside of Latin America.
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Choko AT et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2017, 20:21610 http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/21610 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.20.1.21610
· Relevant interventions
· HIV country profiles
· Adolescents country profiles
Frontiers in Public Health | www.frontiersin.org 1 June 2017 | Volume 5 | Article 127
Provide guidance to HIV care practitioners on the optimal use of antiretroviral (ARV) agents for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and adolescents.
Topics in Antiviral Medicine 25 Issue 2 May/June 2017
Policy Brief, Updated in March 2017
Toolkit
HIV Treatment and Care
A rapid situation analysis in three districts
Djibuti et al. BMC Public Health (2015) 15:427 DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1760-z
Participant Manual
February 2011
Edition 3.0