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Influencing food environments for healthy diets

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO (2016) C2

Food environments are usually defined as the settings with all the different types of food made available and accessible to people as they go about their daily lives. That is, the range of food in supermarkets, small retail outlets, wet markets, street food stalls, coffee shops, tea houses, s...chool canteens, restaurants, and all the other venues where people buy and eat food. These environments differ enormously depending on the context. They can be extensive and diverse, with a seemingly endless array of options and price ranges, or they can be sparse, with very few options on offer. Because they determine what food consumers can access at a given moment in time, at what price, and with what degree of convenience, food environments both constrain and prompt the consumer’s choice.Food environments are influenced by the food systems which supply them, and vice versa. Food systems encompass the entire range of activities, people and institutions involved in the production, processing, marketing, consumption and disposal of food (FAO, 2013). They include but are not limited to food supply chains. Making food systems nutrition-sensitive can contribute to addressing all forms of malnutrition, as food systems determine whether the food needed for good nutrition are available, affordable, acceptable and of adequate quantity and quality. How closely food systems and food environments are interrelated and interdependent, and the degree to which external factors affect nutrition outcomes, varies from setting to setting.Many of today’s food systems and food environments are challenged in supporting consumer choices that are consistent with healthy diets and good nutrition. Consumers are not making choices based on nutrition and health, and poor diet is now the number one risk factor for death and disability worldwide (GBD, 2015). Food systems that do not enable healthy diets are increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of malnutrition (GLOPAN, 2016), and malnutrition, irrespective of form, has a huge cost. Economic costs associated with undernutrition are estimated at $1-2 trillion per year, about 2-3% of global GDP (FAO, 2013); the global economic cost of obesity and associated diet-related non-communicable diseases is estimated at $2 trillion per year, about 2.8% of global GDP (McKinsey, 2014). Influencing food environments for promoting healthy diets is an emerging strategy to address today’s nutrition challenges. more

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Health care workers

M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan (The Focus Group Consulting); C. Daniels, et al. Stop TB Partnership; UNOPS; END TB (2016) C1

Key populations brief.

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Prisonniers

FG Consulting Group; C. Daniels; C. Smyth, et al. Stop TB Partnership; UNOPS; END TB (2016) C1

Rapport sur les populations clés.

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Personas encarceladas

FG Consulting Group; C. Daniels; C. Smyth, et al. Stop TB Partnership; UNOPS; END TB (2016) C1

Informe sobre poblicationes clave.

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A Framework for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision - Effective HIV Prevention and a gateway t improved adolesecent boys' & Men's health in Eastern and Southern Africa by 2021

World Health Organization (WHO); UNAIDS World Health Organization (WHO); UNAIDS (2016) C_WHO

Policy Brief VMMC 2021

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Plan of Action for the prevention and control of HIV and sexually transmitted infections 2016-2021

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2016) C_WHO

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Prevention and control of Hemoglobinopathies in India - Thalassemias, Sickle Cell Disease and other variant Hemoglobins

National Health Mission (NHM), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India (2016) C1

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Cities ending the AIDS epidemic

Fast-Track Cities; UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIVAIDS); Mairie de Paris; et al. (2016) C2

UNAIDS / 2016

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STRATEGY FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF OBESITY IN SOUTH AFRICA 2015–2020

Department of Health, Republic of South Africa (2016) C1

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Guidelines for conduct of clinical trials in Kenya

Pharmacy and Poisons Board, Ministry of Health, Kenya (2016) C1

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Integrating collaborative TB and HIV services within a comprehensive package of care for people who inject drugs

A. Baddeley; H. Getahun; et al. World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) C_WHO

Consolidated Guidelines Geneva, 2016 The End TB Strategy

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Consolidated Guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations (Updated 2016)

C. Beyrer; A. Kamarulzaman; E. Aaraj; et al. World Health Organization (2016) C_WHO

Guidelines Key Populations

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Raising an AIDS-free generation: Evaluation of the global fund orphans & vulnerable children programme

Department: Social Department Republic of South Africa; NRSAD (National Religious Association for Social Development); The Global Fund; et al. (2016) C2

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Planning and implementing palliative care services: a guide for programme managers

World Health Organization WHO (2016) C_WHO

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Guidelines for the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control ECDC (2016) C1

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) are public health measures that aim to prevent and/or control SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community. As long as there is no effective and safe vaccine to protect those at risk of severe COVID-19, NPI are the most effective public health interventions against... more