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A cross-country qualitative analysis of teachers’ perceptions of asthma care in sub-Saharan Africa

Naidoo, K.L.; Dladla, S.; Mphahlele, R.E. et al. npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine (2023) CC2

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease among school-going adolescents worldwide. However, the burden of severe asthma is highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to explore teachers’ perceptions of asthma care across six African countries. We conducted focus group discussions... more

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Occupational Lung Diseases

John Hopkins Medicine Johns Hopkins Medicine (2024) CC2

The Johns Hopkins Medicine webpage on occupational lung diseases provides an overview of lung conditions caused by exposure to harmful substances in the workplace. It explains various types of occupational lung diseases, including asbestosis, silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, and hypersensiti... more

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Building capacity to improve respiratory care: the education strategy of the International Primary Care Respiratory Group 2014–2020

McDonnell, J.; Corella de Sousa, J.; Baxter, N.; et al. npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine (2014) CC2

The article discusses the education strategy of the International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) for 2014–2020, focusing on building capacity to improve respiratory care globally. It highlights the significant burden of respiratory diseases and the role of primary care in addressing this i... more

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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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Pharmacological Primary Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus Type II: A Narrative Review

Naveed, A.; Farrukh, L.; Khawar Sana, M.; et al. National Library of Medicine (2020) CC2

The evolving epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus has challenged health-care professionals. It stands among the leading causes of mortality in the present world. It warrants new and versatile approaches to improve mortality and the associated huge quality-adjusted life years lost to it once diagnose... more

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Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Developing Countries: Balancing Optimal Glycaemic Control and Outcomes with Affordability and Accessibility to Treatment

Mohan, V.; Khunti, K.; Chan,S.P.; et al. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information (2020) CC3

With the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, particularly in emerging countries, its management in the context of available resources should be considered. International guidelines, while comprehensive and scientifically valid, may not be appropriate for regions such as Asia, Latin America or Afr... more

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High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy

MedlinePlus National Library of Medicine (2019) CC

What is high blood pressure in pregnancy? Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is when this force against your artery walls is too high. There are different types of high blood pressure ... more

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Blood Pressure Medicines

MedlinePlus National Library of Medicine (2021) CC

On this website you can find information on high blood pressure, how to lower it and how blood pressure medicines work.

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Clinical Profile and Management of Patient Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and/or Peripheral Artery Disease in Clinical Practice: The APALUSA Study

Barrios, V.; Escobar, C.; Suarez C. et al. Journal of Clinical Medicine (2022) CC

This study was aimed to ascertain the clinical profile and management of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and/or peripheral artery disease (PAD). In this observational and cross-sectional study developed in 80 hospitals throughout Spain, consecutive adults with stable IHD and/or PAD were i... more

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Burden of Peripheral Artery Disease and Its Attributable Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2019

Lin, J.; Chen, Y.; Jiang, N. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

Background: Data on burden of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and its attributable risk factors are valuable for policymaking. We aimed to estimate the burden and risk factors for PAD from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We extracted the data on prevalence, incidence, death, years lived with disability (YLD... more

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Promoting Cardiovascular Health in the Developing World

Institute of Medicine (2010) CC

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is often thought to be a problem of wealthy, industrialized nations. The term “cardiovascular disease” is used throughout the report to refer to cardiac disease, vascular diseases of the brain and kidney, and peripheral vascular disease. The report’s main focus is ... more

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High Blood Pressure

MedlinePlus National Library of Medicine (2020) CC

What is blood pressure? Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When your heart is a... more

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Cardiovascular diseases in Tanzania: The burden of modifiable and intermediate risk factors

Roman, W.P.; Martin, H.D.; Sauli, E. et al. Journal of Xiangya Medicine (2019) CC

Tanzania, like other developing countries, is facing a higher burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The country is experiencing rapid growth of modifiable and intermediate risk factors that accelerate CVD mortality and morbidity rates. In rural and urban settings, cardiovascular risk factors suc... more

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Burden of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and access to essential medicines in low-income and middle-income countries

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2015) CC2

Demographic and epidemiological transitions are changing the age structure of the population and the most common diseases. Non-communicable respiratory diseases are an increasing problem at both ends of the age range in low-income and middle-income countries. In children, who represent a large propo... more

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Fig. 1: GINA treatment recommendations for patients aged ≤5 years, 6–11 years and ≥12 years

npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine (2020) CC2

Adults and adolescents 12+ years. Asthma medication options: Adjust treatment up and down for individual patient needs

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An estimate of asthma prevalence in Africa: a systematic analysis

Adeloye, D.; Chan, K. Y.; Rudan, I.; Campell, H. National Library of Medicine (2013) CC2

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are among the leading causes of death worldwide, with asthma rated the most common chronic disease affecting children (1). Globally, about 300 million people have asthma, and current trends suggest that an additional 100 million people may be living with asthma by... more

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Symptom-based screening tool for asthma syndrome among young children in Uganda

Nantanda, R.; Siersma, V.; Ndeezi, G. et al. npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine (2020) CC

Under-diagnosis of asthma in ‘under-fives’ may be alleviated by improved inquiry into disease history. We assessed a questionnaire-based screening tool for asthma among 614 ‘under-fives’ with severe respiratory illness in Uganda. The questionnaire responses were compared to post hoc consensu... more

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Business models for sustainable development: Projects of global extension of medical technologies of Japan

Nozaki, I.; Y. Sugiura; N. Fujita et al. Global Health & Medicine (2021) C1

Japan has been implementing projects of global extension of medical technologies under an official development assistance policy to improve public health and medicine by promoting Japanese medical technologies worldwide. The current work examines the impact and goals of implementing this new scheme.... more

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LIFE: Neonatal Resuscitation Training (ETAT+ NR). App

Nuffield Department of Medicine (2019) CC

Learn the ETAT+ guidelines on how to resuscitate a newborn baby who is born not breathing in this exciting 3D simulation training app. Navigate around a virtual reality hospital, find the equipment you need and quiz yourself with interactive quizzes, multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and perform simu... more

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Chagas Disease Also called: American trypanosomiasis, South American trypanosomiasis

National Library of Medicine- National Institute of Health (2022) CC

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is an illness that can cause serious heart and stomach problems. It is caused by a parasite. Chagas disease is common in Latin America, especially in poor, rural areas. It can also be found in the United States, most often in people who were infected befo... more