Objectives Our study aimed to systematically review the literature and synthesise findings on potential associations of built environment characteristics with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Asia.
The evolving epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus has challenged health-care professionals. It stands among the leading causes of mortality in the present world. It warrants new and versatile approaches to improve mortality and the associated huge quality-adjusted life years lost to it once diagnose...d. A possible venue to lower the incidence is to assess the safety and efficacy of various diabetes prevention strategies. Diet and exercise have a well-developed role in the prevention of weight gain and, ultimately, diabetes mellitus type II in high-risk individuals. However, high-risk individuals can also benefit from adjunct pharmacotherapy. In light of this information, we decided to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. This article summarizes the evidence in the literature on the pharmacological prevention of diabetes in high-risk individuals.
more
Explore domestic and ODA health financing data for all developing countries and relevant country groups. Navigate directly to information by clicking on a nation’s name in the country list. Methodology and data sources explained on the two final pages
Orientação provisória, 6 de abril de 2020
Este documento resume as recomendações da OMS para o uso racional de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) em unidades de saúde e na assistência domiciliar, bem como no manuseio de cargas; avalia também a situação atual da cadeia de abastec...imento global e as considerações para tomada de decisão durante desabastecimentos graves de EPIs.Este documento não inclui recomendações para membros da comunidade em geral. Clique aqui para mais informações sobre recomendações da OMS para uso de máscara na comunidade em geral.Nesse contexto, EPIs incluem luvas, máscaras faciais cirúrgicas/de uso médico - aqui denominadas “máscaras cirúrgicas”, óculos de proteção, protetor facial do tipo face shield, e aventais, bem como itens para procedimentos específicos - respiradores com máscara facial de filtração (padrão N95 ou PFF2 ou PFF3 ou equivalente) - aqui denominados “respiradores” - e capotes
more
International Journal of Special Education. Vol.29 (3) 2014, 69-81
Educating students with disabilities in an inclusive general education setting has been shown to increase academic achievement, increase peer acceptance, increase self esteem, create a richer friendship network, and have positive li...fetime benefits (higher salaried jobs, independent living). In addition, inclusion can have benefits for students without disabilities. The West African nation of Senegal has pledged to increase inclusive education for students with disabilities by 2015. Issues that affect inclusive education for all in Senegal are access to schooling, community and societal perceptions of individuals with disabilities, poverty, and teacher training and pedagogy. To increase inclusive education for all in Senegal the country must increase access to schooling through physical accessibility and decentralization, create community awareness campaigns that increase knowledge of disabilities, and develop teacher training that fosters a student-centered pedagogy.
more
Módulo 9
Planificación estratégica
Julio del 2017
Módulo 9: Planificación estratégica. La OMS recomienda ofrecer la PrEP a las personas con un riesgo significativo de contraer la infección por el VIH, por lo que este módulo ofrece orientación de salud pública para los encargados de ...tomar decisiones sobre cómo priorizar los servicios, con el fin de llegar a quienes se pueden beneficiar más de la PrEP, y sobre los entornos donde los servicios de PrEP podrían ser más costo-efectivos.
more
We reviewed the evidence on community-based interventions for the prevention and control of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Community initiatives tailored towards awareness and mobilisation are regarded as a priority area in the Neglected Tropical Disease Roadmap 2021–2030 by the World Health Organi...zation. We searched nine electronic databases for intervention-based
studies. Two independent reviewers screened and assessed the articles for methodological quality using predefined criteria. We conducted a meta-analysis using a random effects model, along with narrative synthesis. Thirteen articles were eligible for inclusion, of which 12 were quantitative studies (quasi-experimental with control group and pre-post interventions) and one qualitative
study. All articles reported on health education interventions aimed at changing people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in relation to CL. Participant groups included students, mothers, housewives, volunteer health workers, and residents in general. An increased score was recorded for all outcomes across all interventions: knowledge (SMD: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.47), attitudes (SMD:
1.36, 95% CI: 0.56, 2.15), and practices (SMD: 1.73, 95% CI: 0.99, 2.47). Whilst our findings show that educational interventions improved people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices about CL, we argue that this approach is not sufficient for the prevention and control of this disease. Knowledge does not always translate into action, particularly where other structural barriers exist. Therefore,
we recommend the design of more innovative community-based interventions with a broader focus (e.g., stigma, financial barriers, and healthcare access).
more
This statistical overview has been prepared on the occasion of the European Institute for
Gender Equality (EIGE) study on FGM in the European Union and Croatia. Little is known
about FGM in the European Union in general, and this statement holds true about FGM
and asylum more specifically. In lig...ht of the recognized need for country- and community-
tailored responses, this study provides some of the statistical evidence needed to
advance the discussion on the necessary policies and tools to address the specific
vulnerabilities of female asylum-seekers with FGM in the asylum system on the one hand,
and of refugee girls and women living with FGM and integrating in EU Member States on
the other hand
more
Climate change is one of the biggest crises of our time. Climate threats range from higher temperatures, heavy rainfalls and floods, erratic precipitation, droughts, desertification, and land degradation. This has negative implications on the quality and quantity of natural resources, such as land a...nd water, agricultural productivity, rural livelihood options, food prices, and nutrition security, particularly when there is a lack of adaptation capacities and preparedness measures (Pacillo, 2024). Farmers are at the forefront of the climate crisis where their livelihoods are being jeopardized, and they are faced with many challenges to secure water, energy, and agriculture inputs, and maintain agriculture productivity. This heightens the risk of competition over natural resources and aggravates grievances and structural inequalities related to land rights and ownership as well as land access, management, and governance. In Africa, land-related issues are among the triggers of many violent disputes (Medina et al, 2024). For instance, communal violence in Nigeria and Sudan is tied to competition over scarce fertile land and poor resource governance (Bruce and Bourdeaux, 2013).
more
Plos Current Outbreaks
An outbreak of Lassa Fever (LF) reported and confirmed in Ondo state, Southwest Nigeria in January 2016 was investigated. This paper provides the epidemiology of the LF and lessons learnt from the investigation of the outbreak.
Results: We identified 90 suspected LF case...s of which 19 were confirmed by the laboratory. More than half (52.6%) of the confirmed cases were females with majority (73.7%) in the age group ≥ 15 years. The Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of 63.2% among the laboratory-confirmed positive cases where 9 of 19 cases died, was significantly higher compared to the laboratory confirmed negative cases where 6 of the 65 cases died ( CFR; 8.5%) p ≤ 0.05. Two hundred and eighty-seven contacts of the confirmed cases were identified, out of which 267(93.0%) completed the follow-up without developing any symptoms and 2 (0.7%) developed symptoms consistent with LF and were confirmed by the laboratory. More than half of the contacts were females (64.5%) with most of them (89.2%) in the age group ≥ 25 years.
more
En diciembre de 2019 se identificaron los primeros casos del nuevo coronavirus -COVID-19 a nivel global en Wuhan, China. El 11 de marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud -OMS declaró al COVID-19 como pandemia mundial. Si bien la enfermedad se extendió lentamente a los países de Améri...ca Latina y el Caribe -ALC al principio, desde finales del mes de febrero el número de casos confirmados ha aumentado exponencialmente, acercándonos a 2,0 millones de casos confirmados y 124.667 muertos (al 19 de mayo de 2020).
more
El uso de los antimicrobianos en seres humanos es imprescindible para combatir a los microorganismos causantes de distintas enfermedades, no obstante, el uso y abuso de estos productos farmacéuticos ha propiciado un aumento en la resistencia, desarrollo y propagación de microorganismos multirresis...tentes. Consecuentemente, esto ha ocasionado una amenaza para la salud pública y un impacto en las Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud (IAAS). Las IAAS producen un aumento en la mortalidad, morbilidad, estancia hospitalaria, discapacidades en los pacientes, gastos en los servicios de salud, entre otros. Las IAAS son causadas por microorganismos tales como bacterias, virus, hongos, parásitos o priones y pueden afectar tanto a los pacientes como al personal sanitario du- rante la atención de la salud
more
Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5: e93–101
Orientations provisoires
29 février 2020
Le présent document vise à donner aux États Membres des orientations sur les mesures de placement en quarantaine des personnes dans le contexte de la COVID-19. Il s’adresse à toutes celles et tous ceux qui sont chargés de définir la politique lo...cale ou nationale relative au placement en quarantaine des personnes et de faire respecter les mesures de lutte anti-infectieuse.
more
The rapid arrival of millions of asylum seekers and migrants in Europe in 2015–16 forced cities both large and small to rethink their approach to immigrant inclusion.
The Lancet Global Health, Volume 2, Issue 6, Pages e334 - e345, June 2014
doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70213-X