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Publication Years
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Toolboxes
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Oral health is defined as the absence of disease and a status that ensures optimal functioning of the mouth and its tissues in a manner preserving the highest level of function and self-esteem. Oral health
...
enables an individual to eat, speak and socialise having no active disease, discomfort or discouragement thus contributing to the general well-being. Good oral health is an essential component of general health and a right of every person1. Poor oral health has a negative impact on general health, work productivity, educational performance and adversely affects growth and development.
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This resource pack was developed for the country offices of the World Health Organization and national Public Health institutions, as an overview o
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f the key information needed for advising their Member States in response to questions raised on human health due to influenza outbreaks or detections in animals. It assembles the available information from WHO, FAO and WOAH, on recommendations and guidelines on influenza that might be relevant to a country experiencing detections or outbreaks of influenza in animals or facing suspicion of human infections with animal-origin influenza viruses. This resource pack updates the information provided in the Summary of Key Information Practical to Countries Experiencing Outbreaks of A(H5N1) and Other Subtypes of Avian Influenza, published in 2016. Additionally, the scope of this current document was broadened to address the risks to public health from all animal influenza viruses, not only avian influenza. Links to existing resources were updated and new resources were added where available.
more
The environment in which young people live, learn and play significantly affects their decisions about whether to consume alcohol. Environmental factors are the main risk factors driving alcohol consumption and related harm among young people. Environments that normalize alcohol consumption – term
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ed alcogenic environments – include contexts with unregulated advertising and marketing of alcoholic beverages, higher alcohol outlet density, products designed to facilitate affordability and low prices of alcoholic beverages. A recent body of research evidence has emerged related to the measurement, functional significance and consequences of living in alcogenic environments. This includes findings on the complex and bidirectional interactions among alcohol acceptability, availability and affordability and how they create and perpetuate alcogenic environments. Comprehensive and enforced alcohol control policies are effective at delaying the age of onset and lowering alcohol prevalence and frequency among young people. Evidence consistently confirms the effectiveness of designing and implementing alcohol control policies that regulate upstream the drivers of alcogenic environment, including alcohol availability, acceptability and affordability. These policies need to be multipronged and address the complex interactions between these drivers and the local alcohol culture
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This brief update on tuberculosis (TB) in the African region covers the state of TB in the WHO African region, strategic priorities and targets and the impact of COVID-19 on essential services. This is followed by key figures for the region, the rol
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e of WHO in country support and, recognizing the importance of diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing, a focus onstrengthening laboratory networks and the regional laboratory and diagnostic objectives. A brief update of the state of the science and how this is funded across the African region is provided, before closing with challenges and opportunities,strategic directions and a brief discussion of funding concerns. Discussions around the drivers of the disease, and issues of the poverty, inequality and stigma that continue to plague those living with TB are fully recognized, but are outside the scope of this report.
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Overview
Internationally harmonized modules on key issues for paediatricians and paediatric nurses, family and public health professionals.
This report describes the “Building health workers capacity on air pollution and health” pilot workshop held in Ghana in 2022 which aimed at testing the training material of the first
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WHO Air Pollution and Health Training toolkit (APHT) targeting health professionals. APHT aims at strengthening the knowledge of health workers on air pollution and health and to enable them to effectively communicate with patients and communities on how to reduce their risk, to advocate for population level interventions as well as to train other peers and colleagues using a train-the-trainer approach. This workshop report serves as a tool and example of a training that can be replicated and adapted to other contexts and settings based on country and regional priorities and needs.
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This is the fifth report of the Global Evidence Review on Health and Migration (GEHM) series. The publication focuses on the mental health needs of refugees and migrants by providing an overview of
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the available evidence on patterns of risk and protective factors and of facilitators and barriers to care at all levels (individual, family, community and national government). It identifies five high-level themes, each of which has implications for research and policy and is relevant across refugee and migrant groups, contexts and stages of the migration process: self-identity and community support; basic needs and security; cultural concepts of mental health as well as stigma; exposure to adversity and potentially traumatic events; navigating mental health and other systems and services.
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This document outlines the concept and content of the WHO people-centred approach to addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the human health sector. The proposed approach recognizes and aims t
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o address the challenges and health system barriers people face when accessing health services to prevent, diagnose and treat (drug-resistant) infections. It puts people and their needs at the centre of the AMR response and guides policy-makers in taking programmatic and comprehensive actions to mitigate AMR in line with a proposed package of core interventions. These interventions are based on a review of four pillars and two foundational steps that are critical to overcome barriers faced by people and health systems in addressing AMR.
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This publication describes the reasons for the resurgence of malaria in Kyrgyzstan and presents an analysis of evidence-based elimination strategies and policies that were applied to contain the epidemic and outbreaks of the disease, achieve its elimination, and maintain the country malaria-free. Th
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e strong political commitment and the mobilization of human resources that were crucial in achieving elimination are emphasized. It is hoped that the experiences of Kyrgyzstan's national malaria control programme can assist other countries aiming to eliminate malaria. The publication is intended for health managers and personnel, researchers, teachers, students and post-graduates at medical schools.
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Tuberculosis (TB) and particularly drug-resistant TB continue to represent major public health threats in the WHO European Region. This document details the Tuberculosis action plan for the
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WHO European Region 2023–2030 as well as its monitoring and evaluation framework and outlines the vision and strategic actions for the TB response in the Region for this period. Developed through a Region-wide participatory consultation process, the TB action plan aims to support Member States to implement their national responses to the TB epidemic and provides strategies to enable the Region to reach the global End TB Strategy targets as well as aligning to the priorities of the European Programme of Work, 2020–2025 – “United Action for Better Health in Europe”.
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Social inequalities are perpetuating unhealthy living and working conditions and behaviours. These causes are commonly called ‘the social determinants of health’. Achieving greater equity in health
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will demand that the health sector assumes a greater leadership role in addressing social inequalities. This requires equipping health and care workers to better understand how the social determinants of health impact patients and communities. Education of the health workforce is thus a key step to advancing action. Integration of the social determinants of health into education and training will prepare the workforce to adjust clinical practice, define appropriate public health programmes and leverage cross-sector policies and mechanisms.
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This guidance describes a catalogue of indicators for maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health (MNCAH) that can be monitored through health management information system data. It is a module o
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f the WHO Toolkit for Routine Health Information Systems (RHIS) Data and links to relevant indicators from other programmatic modules of the WHO toolkit. The document provides guidance on possible analysis and visualization of the indicators, including considerations for interpreting and using the data for decision-making. An annex on data quality considerations for MNCAH managers provides suggestions for reviewing and interpreting routine health facility data through a quality lens.
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The health of humans, animals and environment is vitally interlinked. A majority of emerging and endemic
human diseases have their origins in animals, be they transmitted directly, through food or the environment.
The
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World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, founded as OIE) and
the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations are the main international organizations
responsible for proposing references and guidance for the public health, agriculture and animal health sectors
respectively. WHO, FAO, WOAH has been an active promoter and implementer of an intersectoral collaborative
approach between institutions and systems to prevent, detect, and control diseases among animals and
humans.
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This position paper supersedes the 2022 WHO position paper on malaria vaccines. It includes the updated WHO recommendations on the use of the RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M vaccines for the reduction o
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f malaria morbidity and mortality in children living in endemic areas, prioritizing areas of moderate and high malaria transmission.
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The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes a vision of healthy lives and well-being for all at all ages. This major report provides an update on progress towards the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the
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WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. It presents regional trends between 2010 and 2022 for 50 health-related SDG indicators using available data from WHO and estimates from other United Nations agencies. The report reveals some successes at the country level amid a marked slowdown regionally with setbacks across indicators on health health risks and determinants and access to services. We are at the halfway point for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: to reverse current trends and ensure the health and well-being of our population we must take bold steps now.
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With a goal of establishing enduring leadership and commitment for the health of refugees and migrants, WHO, the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the United Nations High Commissioner
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for Refugees (UNHCR) and Morocco co-organized the Third Global Consultation on the Health of Refugees and Migrants in Rabat, Morocco, on 13–15 June 2023, and led to the adoption of the Rabat Declaration.
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This report is the first of a series of biennial progress reports on the implementation of the Global health sector strategies on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections for the period 2022–2030. It draws attention to areas of pro
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gress and gaps in preparation for the mid-term review of the strategies in 2026.
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Health-care waste management is a critical aspect of health-care systems, crucial for public health and environmental sustainability. This report p
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rovides valuable insights into the existing health-care waste management frameworks across 16 countries in the Western Pacific Region. It provides an overview of essential components of the legal framework and best practices, including adoption of environmental friendly technologies in policies and highlights both strengths and areas in need of improvement. The report provides recommendations to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of future health-care waste management policies in the Region.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revealed systemic weaknesses in health-care systems
worldwide. The breadth of challenges left health workers overwhelmed and overstretched, reducing
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their professional efficacy and causing long-term issues with retention, recruitment and education of future cohorts
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This publication aims to provide an overview of the state of developmental monitoring in selected countries across the Europe and Central Asia region (ECAR), to document the existing evidencebased approaches and models for developmental monitoring and to identify the key considerations necessary to
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guide discussions around introducing and enhancing developmental monitoring as a part
of primary health care.
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