Filter
2836
Filtered Results: 2836
Text search:
country
preparedness
Featured
Recommendations
281
New Publications
808
Language
Document type
No document type
1390
Studies & Reports
512
Guidelines
325
Strategic & Response Plan
214
Manuals
193
Fact sheets
70
Situation Updates
60
Training Material
46
Resource Platforms
11
Online Courses
9
Infographics
4
Brochures
2
Countries / Regions
Global
136
Liberia
92
Myanmar / Burma
91
Sierra Leone
87
Kenya
83
India
72
Nepal
65
Syria
60
Uganda
56
Bangladesh
55
Nigeria
50
Congo, Democratic Republic of
50
Western and Central Europe
48
Ethiopia
48
South Sudan
44
Africa
43
Guinea
42
Latin America and the Carribbean
40
Rwanda
36
Ukraine
34
South–East Asia Region
30
Ghana
29
Zambia
29
West and Central Africa
28
East and Southern Africa
26
Yemen
25
Malawi
23
Haiti
23
Tanzania
21
South Africa
21
Middle East and North Africa
20
Senegal
19
Zimbabwe
18
Philippines
18
Lesotho
17
Eastern Europe and Central Asia
17
Brazil
17
Indonesia
16
Burkina Faso
15
Namibia
15
Mozambique
14
Afghanistan
13
Mali
13
Madagascar
13
Venezuela
12
Russia
12
Cameroon
11
Sudan
11
Colombia
10
Asia
10
Western Pacific Region
10
Eastern Europe
10
USA
9
Côte d’Ivoire / Ivory Coast
9
Central African Republic
9
Botswana
9
Iraq
9
Pakistan
9
Jordan
8
Lebanon
8
Somalia
8
Burundi
7
Cambodia
7
Germany
7
Eswatini/ Swaziland
7
Thailand
6
Togo
6
Laos
6
Niger
6
Guinea-Bissau
6
Vietnam
6
Turkey
5
Benin
5
China
5
Peru
5
Papua New Guinea
5
Moldova
5
Palestine
5
Gambia
4
Chile
4
Iran
4
Chad
4
Turkmenistan
3
Portugal
3
Bolivia
3
Angola
3
Libya
3
Bhutan
3
Ecuador
3
North Macedonia
2
Tajikistan
2
Timor Leste/ East Timor
2
El Salvador
2
Serbia
2
Malaysia
2
Bulgaria
2
Mauritania
2
Italy
2
Hungary
2
Paraguay
2
Jamaica
2
Mauritius
2
Spain
2
Sri Lanka
2
Djibouti
2
Egypt
2
Romania
2
Greece
2
Poland
2
Mexico
1
Kazakhstan
1
Albania
1
Fiji
1
Singapore
1
Kyrgyzstan
1
Uzbekistan
1
Vanuatu
1
Mongolia
1
Qatar
1
Dominican Republic
1
Croatia
1
Lithuania
1
Saudi Arabia
1
North America
1
Gabon
1
Japan
1
France
1
United Kingdom
1
Azerbaijan
1
Belarus
1
Israel
1
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
Southern Africa
1
Argentina
1
Slovakia
1
Georgia
1
Honduras
1
Authors & Publishers
Publication Years
Category
Policies
266
COVID-19
238
Studies & Reports
237
Humanitarian Crisis
174
Guidelines
122
Disaster Preparedness
98
Humanitarian Aid
90
Women & Child Health
81
General Guidelines
64
Community Health
53
Capacity Building
53
Statistics
53
Disease Prevention & Control
41
Protection & Security
36
Needs Assessment
35
Key Resources
32
Demograhic Health Surveys DHS
31
Policies & Guidelines HIV & TB
31
WASH
30
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
25
Vaccine-preventable Diseases
24
Food Security & Nutrition
24
Countries
23
Child Health
19
Other
18
Health Systems
18
Maternal Health
18
Reproductive Health
17
Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
16
Non-communicable Diseases
16
Public Health
15
Child protection
15
Disabilities
14
Monitoring & Evaluation
13
Humanitarian Aid
12
Women & Child Health
12
Communicable Diseases
11
Sexual Violence
11
Quality Control & Assurance
11
Global Health
11
Drugs & Medical Equipment
10
Immunization
10
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
10
NTDs & Others
10
HIV & STI
9
Age & Elderly
9
Under-5 nutrition
8
Public Health
8
Health System Strengthening
8
Water
8
Hand Hygiene
7
x MEDBOX Issue Brief & Annual Reports x
7
MPOX - Monkeypox
7
Hemorrhagic Fever
7
Diarrhoeal Disease/Cholera
7
Malaria
7
Hygiene Promotion
7
Sanitation
6
General Guidelines
6
Community Health
6
Maternal & Child Health
6
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
6
NCD
6
Respiratory Infections
6
Clinical Training
5
Project Cycle Management
5
Online Courses & Platforms
5
Sex. & Repr. Rights
5
Communicable Diseases
5
Laboratory Quality Assurance
5
Hepatitis
4
Family Planning
4
Pediatrics
4
Yellow Fever
4
Surgery & Anaesthesia
4
Neonatal Care
4
Pharmacy & Technology
3
Gender
3
Vector Control
3
Emergency Care
3
Palliative Care
3
Mental Health
3
Primary Health Care
3
Dengue
3
Disabilities & Inclusion
3
Digital Health
2
Paediatrics
2
Bacteriology
2
Cancer
2
Laboratory Waste
2
Palliative Care
2
COVID-19
2
Virology
2
Snakebites
2
Medical Devices & Equipment
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Waste Management
2
Diarrhoea
2
Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
2
Zika
1
Medicines Donations
1
Dental & Eye Care
1
Rabies
1
Online Courses Platforms
1
Diabetes
1
Hematology
1
Trachoma
1
Taeniasis/ Cysticercosis
1
Neurology & Psychology
1
Onchocerciasis
1
Schistosomiasis
1
Lymphaticfilariasis
1
Capacity Building
1
Planetary Health
1
Breast Cancer
1
Other Cancer diseases
1
Cancer Treatment & Resources
1
Community Health
1
Mental Health
1
Menstrual Hygiene Management
1
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
1
Pharmaceutical Assessments
1
Leprosy
1
Leprosy
1
Nutrition
1
Neurology & Psychology
1
Pharmacy & Technologies
1
TB
1
Toolboxes
Country specific documents
173
Public Health
75
Assessment & Studies
69
Prevention & Preparedness
57
Preparedness & Prevention
56
Global Impact: Socio-economic, health services, TB & HIV
53
Roadmaps, Action Plans & Policies
53
Infection Control General
37
Appeals and Response Plans
35
Assessment & Response
34
Key Resources
33
Climate & Health
32
Assessment & Response
31
Hospital Readiness/Essential Health Services
28
Ebola Prevention & Control
27
Surveillance
27
Disaster Preparedness & Prevention
27
Climate Change General
26
IPC
25
Outbreak Prevention & Control
24
Country specific
23
Training
23
Access & Strategy
23
Health Financing Toolbox
22
Surveillance & Contact tracing
21
Child Protection
21
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
21
Influenza Prevention & Control
20
Situation Reports & Updates
19
Inclusion in Humanitarian Settings
18
Social Mobilisation
18
Protection of Vulnerable Groups
18
Health Impact & Climate Change
18
El Niño
16
Guidelines
16
Situation Reports COVID-19
16
General Information & Methodology
16
International
16
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
15
Assessment & Response
15
Communication & Training
15
Cholera Prevention & Control
15
International
15
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
15
RCCE Guides & Manuals
15
Situation Reports & Updates
15
Humanitarian Crisis
14
Health & Refugee
14
Educational Settings
14
Situation Reports & Updates
14
Infection Control
14
Psychosocial Support (MHPSS)
13
Europe
13
Shelter & Reconstruction
13
Education
13
General Information
13
HIV in Key Populations
13
General Reports
12
Psychosocial Support
12
Humanitarian Crisis
12
Guidelines & Manuals
12
Communication & Training
11
Children
11
Clinical Guidelines
11
Diagnostics & Laboratory Guidance
11
Handbooks & Manuals
11
Midwives
11
MPOX - Monkeypox
11
MHPSS Guidelines
11
Action Plans, Policies & Response
11
Universal Health Coverage & Primary Health Care
11
Reports & Studies
11
Capacity Building
11
War & Conflict
10
Influenza
10
Policies
10
Others
10
Human Rights
10
Tips & Best Practice Examples
10
Fair Allocation & Ethical Aspects
10
Studies & Reports
10
Situation Reports & Updates
10
Humanitarian Aid Guidelines
10
Preparedness & Prevention
10
Eastern Europe and central Asia
10
Laboratory Guidance
9
Plague Situation Reports
9
Treatment Guidelines
9
Infection Prevention & Hygiene
9
Context & Facts, Travel Advice
9
Gender Aspects
9
Communication Material
9
Community Health Workers CHW
9
General documents One Health
9
Zoonoses
9
Children's Rights
9
Policy
9
Lobby and Advocacy
9
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
9
Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV)
8
Inclusion
8
Research
8
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
8
Key Resources
8
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
8
Covid-19 & the One Health Approach
8
For Migrants & Refugees
8
Food and Nutrition
8
Physical Distancing
8
COVAX Initiative
8
Hygiene
8
Nurses
8
Planetary Health
8
Guiding documents and principles
8
Health Care Systems
8
Heat
8
Nuclear & Chemical Hazards
8
Global Overview
8
Disease Prevention & Control
8
Zika Prevention & Control
8
War, Conflict Areas & Refugees
8
WASH
7
Context, Facts & Travel Advice
7
Sustainable Development Goals
7
Situation Reports & Updates
7
Universal Health Coverage UHC and 90-90-90 Strategy
7
For Health Worker
7
Child Protection
7
Immunization Guidelines
7
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)
7
Health Promotion
7
Disaster, Migration and Conflict
7
Health Care In Conflict Settings
7
MPOX - Monkeypox
7
Detection & Diagnosis
7
Protection
7
Assessment & Response
7
Situation Reports & Updates
7
WASH
7
Cyclones Idai & Kenneth
7
Public Health
6
Treatment Guidelines
6
Children with Disabilities
6
Communication & Training
6
Prevention & Control
6
Studies & Reports
6
Ebola & Marburg
6
Mental Health Studies & Reports
6
Manuals
6
Camps and Camp-like Settings
6
Workplace
6
HIV and COVID-19
6
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
6
MHPSS – Psychosocial Support
6
Guidelines General
6
Reports
6
WASH Water Sanitation & Hygiene
6
Community-based Mental Health Care
6
Situation Reports, others
6
Disability Rights & Convention
5
Meningitis Prevention & Control
5
Faith-based Organizations
5
Chemical Attacks
5
Early Warning
5
Policies & Programmes
5
Training Manuals
5
South Sudan
5
Assessment & Response
5
Mental Health
5
Global
5
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children
5
Situation Reports & Updates
5
Online Courses & Resources
5
Faith-based Organizations
5
For Older People
5
Resource Platforms others
5
Children & Mental Health
5
Mental Health
5
COVID-19 Simulation Exercise Training
5
Logistics & Supply
5
Primary Care
5
Overview & reports
5
Waste Managment
5
MPOX -Monkeybox Prevention & Control
5
Appeals & Response Plans
5
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
5
One Health
5
Dengue Prevention & Control
5
Situation Reports
5
Psychosocial Support
5
Public Health
5
Africa
4
Natural Disaster
4
Children & Adolescents
4
Substance Use Disorders, Others
4
Infection Control
4
Clinical Guidelines
4
General Studies & Reports
4
Training Material
4
Sitreps & Updates
4
Mental Health Guidelines
4
Context & Facts
4
Studies
4
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
4
COVID-19
4
Prison & Detention
4
COVID-19 Vaccination
4
Others
4
Agriculture
4
Urban health
4
Strategies
4
Agriculture incl. animal husbandry
4
Ukraine
4
Environment
4
General
4
Mental Health
4
Patient Safety
4
War Surgery & Wound Care
4
others
4
Neurological Disorders
4
General
4
Substance Use Disorders & Addiction
4
Community Worker
4
Asia
4
Assessment
4
WASH
4
Unaccompanied Refugee Minors
4
Meningitis & Encephalitis
4
Situation Reports & Updates
4
Public Health
4
Global Health Ethics
4
Training & Capacity Building
4
Communication & Social Mobilisation
3
Cholera Situation Reports
3
Biosafety
3
Local Action
3
Accessibility
3
HIV testing & services
3
Clinical Aspects, Treatment & Prevention
3
Vaccination
3
Natural Disasters
3
Mental Health
3
Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
3
Children with disabilities
3
Curricula & Core Competencies
3
Eastern Europe
3
Children/Adolescents Mental Disorders
3
Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
3
TB & Other Vulnerable Populations
3
Discrimination & Stigma
3
Human Rights
3
Yemen
3
PPE Personel Protective Equipment
3
Reports
3
Supporting tools
3
General
3
Public Health
3
Covid-19 & Climate Change
3
Training, others
3
Country-specific Platforms
3
COVID-19
3
General
3
Oxygen Therapy
3
Essential Medicines & Medical Devices
3
Blood Supply
3
Mythbusters/Misinformation
3
Community Health
3
Vaccine Candidates & Research
3
Genomic sequencing
3
SARS-CoV-2 Variants
3
Long COVID/ Post-COVID Syndrome
3
Sanitation
3
Situation Reports& Updates
3
Essential Medicines
3
Pharmacy Practice
3
Rational use of Medicine
3
Pharmacovigilance
3
Public Health
3
Infectious Diseases
3
General
3
Global Impact of war
3
Best Practice Examples
3
Overview, Studies & Reports
3
Earthquake in Türkiye and the Syrian Arab Republic
3
Official Development Assistance
3
Studies & Reports
3
Women
3
Clinical Guidelines
3
Training Material
3
Drug resistant TB
3
Conflict
3
Human Rights & the Right to Health
3
National Emergency Response Plans
3
Malnutrition
3
Research & Access
3
Chikungunya Prevention & Control
3
Yellow Fever Situation Report
3
Global Health Institutions and Stakeholders
3
HIV service delivery
3
Overview & Statistics
3
Other Resources
3
Planetary Health
3
Global Health Financing
3
SEAR (South-east Asia Region)
3
Drugs
2
Rapid Response
2
Alcohol
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Surveillance
2
Information & Education Material (IEC)
2
Inclusion
2
Hand Hygiene
2
Dental Health
2
Vaccines & Immunization
2
Yellow Fever
2
Clinical Aspects
2
Yellow Fever Prevention & Control
2
Vector Control
2
Studies & Reports
2
Statistics & Data
2
For Project Management
2
Human Rights, Stigma & Discrimination
2
Interculturality
2
Humanitarian Settings
2
Treatment Guidelines HIV
2
Natural Hazards
2
Surveillance
2
Men who have sex with men (MSM)
2
Ebola
2
Children
2
Advocacy
2
Training
2
Communication
2
GO pre-deployment training
2
Laboratory & Sampling
2
Medical professionals
2
Key Resources
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
Risk Communication
2
For General Public & Community
2
For Parents & Children
2
Clinical Guidelines
2
For People with Disabilities
2
Simulations
2
Dashboards & Maps
2
Humanitarian Aid
2
Paediatrics
2
Medical & Community Masks
2
At Home
2
Vaccination & Strategy
2
Children & Mental Health
2
Long-term Care Facilities
2
Dashboards & Resource Platforms
2
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
2
Others
2
Stress
2
Extreme Situations
2
Ethics
2
Palliative Care
2
Biodiversity shift
2
Advocacy
2
Food & Nutrition
2
Green & healthy living
2
Essential Medicines & Devices Lists
2
HIV &TB
2
Pediatrics
2
Women & Maternal Health
2
Surgery
2
One Health
2
Climate Change
2
Reports & Studies
2
Prevention & Measures
2
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
2
Non-communicable Diseases NCD
2
Education Principles
2
Others
2
Ethics
2
Studies & Reports
2
Prevention & Control
2
Studies & Reports
2
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
2
Asia
2
Contact Tracing
2
Alzheimer's Disease & Dementia
2
Assistive devices & technologies
2
General
2
TB & Prisoners
2
Prophylactic Treatment
2
For Community Health Workers
2
Education of students & professionals
2
Training
2
Health Care Systems
2
Public Health Administration
2
Best Practice Examples
2
Communication Tools
2
Antiretroviral Treatment ART
2
Psychosocial Support
2
Marburg Virus Situation Reports
2
Food & Nutrition
2
Communication & Training
2
Best Practice Models
1
Resource Platforms
1
Health Systems
1
Gynaecology / Obstetrics
1
Policies & Strategies
1
HIV support organizations
1
ART Drug Resistance
1
HIV in Children and mental health
1
Advocacy
1
Global Mental Health
1
Agriculture & Veterinary
1
Posttraumatic stress disorder Adults
1
Training
1
Azerbaijan
1
Background PTSD in children
1
Policies & Strategies
1
Treatment & Prevention
1
Early Warning
1
Online Courses
1
Surgery & Rehabilitation
1
Epidemiology & Sitreps
1
Physical Disability
1
International
1
Introduction to Global Health
1
Context & Facts
1
Plague
1
Prevention Guidelines
1
Dengue
1
Eastern Mediterranean Region
1
HIV testing & disclosure
1
Refugee
1
Opoids
1
Hepatitis
1
Public Health
1
General Mental Health Guidelines
1
Social Worker
1
Legislative Texts
1
Concepts of Global Health
1
Orphans & vulnerable children
1
Africa
1
HIV
1
South Sudan
1
IACAPAP International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions
1
For Health Professionals
1
International
1
People who injecting Drugs
1
Technical Information
1
Travel Advice
1
Key Resources
1
Health Equity & Equality
1
Drug resistance
1
Public Health
1
Child Health / Pediatrics
1
Microcephaly
1
Country Guidelines
1
Cholera
1
Information for different audiences
1
Workplace
1
Mental Health Online Resources
1
HIV / AIDS
1
Sexual Abuse
1
Stress
1
Toolkit on disability for Africa
1
Topics
1
Cannabis
1
Clinical Aspects
1
Hand Hygiene
1
Video & Audio
1
COVID-19
1
Scientific & Research Studies
1
Information for the Public
1
COVID-19
1
Child Friendly Spaces (CFS)
1
LGBTI*
1
General Background
1
Health Care Professionals & Spirituality
1
Palliative Care
1
Coping with Stress
1
Stigmatisation
1
Videos
1
TB/HIV
1
Presentation
1
TB/COVID-19
1
Vaccine Hesitancy & Myths
1
mRna Vaccines general
1
Biontech/Pfizer Comirnaty
1
Vector-based Vacines General
1
Research & Pipeline
1
Caregiver
1
Others
1
Hand Hygiene
1
Waste Management
1
Others
1
Advocacy & Communication
1
Online Resources
1
Wound management
1
Food environments
1
Clean air
1
Prices and Patents
1
Pharmacy Management
1
Medicine Donations
1
Pharmaceutical Assessments
1
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
1
Spirituality
1
Intensive Care Unit
1
Epilepsy
1
Information Refugees Ukraine
1
Health Consequences
1
COVID-19
1
Emergency health kits
1
More Information Refugee and Health
1
Resource Websites One Health
1
Strategies & Roadmaps
1
Pakistan Flood 2022
1
Capacity Building & Resources
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnostics
1
Statistics & Facts
1
Studies & Reports
1
NTDs General
1
Vector control
1
Scabies
1
West and central Africa
1
Health Worker
1
Awareness
1
Domestic Resource Mobilization
1
Capacity Building & Resources
1
Clinical Aspects & Diagnosis
1
Prevention & Strategies
1
Statistics & Facts
1
Studies & Reports
1
Prevention & Strategies
1
Alcohol Consumption
1
Studies & Reports
1
Asia and Pacific
1
General
1
Bioterrorism
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Hearing Loss & Deafness
1
Autism
1
Zika
1
IEC
1
Regions
1
Diarrhoea
1
Africa
1
Urbanization
1
Prevention of Disabilites
1
IEC Material Children HIV
1
Technical Information
1
Uganda
1
Understanding Global Health
1
Vision Loss & Blindness
1
Stewardship
1
Latin America & the Carribean
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
TB/HIV Coinfection
1
Travel Medicine
1
Assessment Tools
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Others
1
Typhoon
1
Western & Central Europe
1
Cholera
1
Europe
1
Best Pratice Examples
1
Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)
1
TB
1
Reports & Studies Children HIV
1
Context & Facts
1
Key Resources
1
Refugees & Migrants
1
Safe Burials
1
Chikungunya
1
Depression
1
Capacity Building
1
Global Health Action
1
Studies & Reports
1
Eastern and Southern Africa
1
Neurological disorders, Others
1
Reproductive Health
1
Urban Health
1
Plague Prevention & Control
1
Global Burden of Disease
1
Vaccination
1
Download (7.4 MB)
Overview
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders globally. The WHO epilepsy technical brief aims to strengthen action for epilepsy and complements the Intersectoral global action plan on epilepsy and other neurological disorders 2022–2031.
The technical bri...
No education system is effective unless it promotes the health and well-being of its students, staff and community. These strong links have never been more visible and compelling than in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Towards making every school a health-promoting school: Let’s start with a...
In order to meet changing global population needs and consumer expectations, healthcare systems worldwide are under transformation and face restructuring. As systems adapt and shift their emphasis in response to the disparate requests for healthcare services, oppor-tunities emerge for nurses, especi...
Le présent document est une mise à jour du document d’information scientifique publié le 29 mars 2020 intitulé Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for infection prevention and control (IPC) precaution recommendations et comprend les nouvelles don...
People experiencing social disadvantage and marginalization are known to be disproportionately impacted by ill-health. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, persons with disabilities may have increased risk for exposure, complications, and death
Muitos países já demonstraram que a transmissão por COVID- 19 de uma pessoa para outra pode ser desacelerada ou interrompida. Essas ações salvaram vidas e deram ao restante do mundo mais tempo para se preparar para a chegada da COVID-19: prontidão dos sistemas de resposta a emergências; aumen...
Os sistemas de saúde estão enfrentando um rápido aumento na demanda gerada pelo surto da COVID-19. Quando os sistemas de saúde ficam sobrecarregados, há um aumento drástico na mortalidade direta causada por um surto e também na mortalidade indireta por doenças imunopreveníveis e por aquelas...
This guidance is intended to be one stop shop to improve the quality and effectiveness of health interventions in emergency, to respond to the most frequent scenarios and conditions.
The main document contains the most common elements to be found in emergencies. As much as possible they are one pag...
The roadmap describes the actions needed to
achieve the three development goals for TB
vaccines set by the WHO:
1. A safe, effective and affordable TB vaccine
for adolescents and adults.
2. An affordable TB vaccine for neonates and
infants with improved safety and efficacy.
3. A therapeutic v...
From choice, a world of possibilities
Vor welchen Herausforderungen die Weltgesundheitsorganisation steht und wie Deutschland zu ihrer Stärkung beitragen kann.
STUDY - 2015 | Advocacy
This fourth WHO report on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) reviews the progress made towards achieving the Roadmap targets for 2020, noting the remaining challenges, then looks beyond 2020 to evaluate the changing global health and development landscape, considering the implications of integrating...
It is Zika virus (ZIKV) that most often causes these neurological effects it appears to be the only arbovirus than can cause congenital malformations such as microcephaly. In any case, more scientific tests are needed to establish the causal relationship between the virus and this malformation (7-10...
Women and children, especially pregnant girls and women, infants and young children and postpartum women, are populations that are extremely vulnerable in emergencies. Breastfeeding provides children with hydration, comfort, connection, high quality nutrition and protection against disease, shieldin...
