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Waterborne Outbreaks of Hepatitis E: recognition, investigation and control

World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) C_WHO

Technical report
This manual aims to provide information about the methods for investigating outbreaks of hepatitis E, and measures for their prevention and control. In addition, the manual gives information about the causative agent – known as the hepatitis E virus (HEV) – its epidemiology... more

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Missed Opportunities for Early Access to Care of HIV-Infected Infants in Burkina Faso

Coulibaly M., N. Meda, C. Yonaba et al. PLOS ONE (2014) C2

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended a universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIVinfected children before the age of two since 2010, but this implies an early identification of these infants. We described the Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT) cascade, the ... more

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National Comprehensive Guidelines for HIV Testing and Counselling
recommended

United Republic of Tanzania, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (2013) C1

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Malawi comprehensive HIV testing and counselling training. Participant handbook

Ministry of Health, Malawi (2013) C1

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Introduction to HIV, AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection Surveillance - Surveillance of Most-At-Risk Populations (MARPS)

United States Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS-CDC); Global AIDS Program (GAP); et al. United States Department of Health and Human Services; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (HHS-CDC); Global AIDS Program (GAP); et al. (2012) C2

Participant Manual September 2012 Surveillance of Populations at High Risk for HIV Transmission

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IMAI district clinician manual: hospital care for adolescents and adults: guidelines for the managementof illnesses with limited-resources. Vol. 1
recommended

World Health Organization WHO (2011) C_WHO

Volume 1 covers emergency triage assessment and treatment, and acute care for a severely ill or acutely injured patient for approximately the first 24 hours of care. It describes the clinical procedures commonly used in emergency and acute care, and gives a summary of the medicines used and the step... more

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National Guidelines for the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV

Government of Lesotho (2010) C2

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Swaziland Paediatric HIV Guidelines

Swaziland Paediatric HIV G uidelines 2010 Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (2010) C1

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District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Part 1
recommended

Cheesbrough, Monica (2009) C4

2nd edition

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India: Training Modules for Medical Officers on HIV Care and Treatment (Including ART) - Participant's Guide

National AIDS Control Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (2007) C1

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Operational Guidelines for Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres

NACO (2007)

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NATIONAL MEDICAL STANDARD FOR REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH Vol II

Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population Family Health Division (2003)

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Containing Hemorrhagic Fever Epidemic, The Ebola Experience in Uganda (October 2000 – January 2001)

Lamunu M, Lutwama J.J, Kamugisha J; et al. (2002)

A paper presented at the 10th International Congress on Infectious Disease, Singapore

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AIDS and HIV Infection UNAIDS Information for United Nations Employees and Their Families

M. Mikulencak UNAIDS (2000) C2

UNAIDS/99.31E (English original, June 1999) 1st revision, April 2000

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Mpox Testing Strategy - November 2024

Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) CC

Mpox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus closely related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Mpox was first discovered in 1958 when outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in monkeys kept for research. The first human case was recorde...d in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox and since then the infection has been reported in a number of African countries. Mpox can spread in humans through close contact, usually skin-to-skin contact, including sexual contact, with an infected person or animal, as well as with materials contaminated with the virus such as clothing, beddings and towels, and respiratory droplets in prolonged face to face contact. People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed. The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or through bites or scratches. Diagnosis is confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of material from a lesion for the virus’s DNA. Two separate clades of the mpox virus are currently circulating in Africa: Clade I, which includes subclades Ia and Ib, and Clade II, comprising subclades IIa and IIb. Clade Ia and Clade Ib have been associated with ongoing human-to-human transmission and are presently responsible for outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), while Clade Ib is also contributing to outbreaks in Burundi and other countries. In 2022‒2023 mpox caused a global outbreak in over 110 countries, most of which had no previous history of the disease, primarily driven by human-to-human transmission of clade II through sexual contact. In just over a year, over 90,000 cases and 150 deaths were reported to the WHO. For the second time since 2022, mpox has been declared a global health emergency as the virus spreads rapidly across the African continent. On 13 Aug 2024, Africa CDC declared the ongoing mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), marking the first such declaration by the agency since its inception in 2017.7 This declaration empowered the Africa CDC to lead and coordinate responses to the mpox outbreak across affected African countries. On August 14, 2024, the WHO declared the resurgence of mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) emphasizing the need for coordinated international response. As of August 2024, Mpox has expanded beyond its traditional endemic regions, with new cases reported in countries including Sweden, Thailand, the Philippines, and Pakistan. Sweden has confirmed its first case of Clade 1 variant, which has been rapidly spreading in Africa, particularly in DRC. The emergence of this new variant raises concerns about its potential for higher lethality and transmission rates outside Africa. more

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Guidelines on Management of COVID-19 in Kenya
recommended

Ministry of Health, Kenya (2021) CC

It has been over a year since Kenya identified the first case of COVID-19 in the country. The Government formed the National COVID-19 task force, which supported the country's response through multi-sectoral technical working groups on testing, case management, risk communication and community engag... more

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EQUINET Information sheet on COVID-19

R Loewenson EQUINET (2020) C1

Produced by Training and Research Support Centre for the Regional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET), March 20, 2020. This brief summarises and provides links to official, scientific and other resources to support an understanding of and individual to regional level... more

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Lesotho: NATIONAL GUIDELINES ON THE USE OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY FOR HIV PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

Ministry of Health, Government of Lesotho (2016) C2

National Guidelines for HIV & AIDS Care and Treatment (5th Edition)

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Guide for HIV/AIDS Clinical Care

Susa Coffey,et al. AECT; HRSA; US Dept.Health; et al. (2014) C1

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Guidelines for Management of Type 1 Diabetes

Indian Council of Medical Research (2022) CC2

The ICMR type 1 diabetes guidelines come at a time when the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has disproportionately affected people with diabetes population, exposing them to a high risk for severe illness and mortality. Globally, diabetes was responsible for over fourmillion deaths in the year 2019. It was th... more

National Comprehensive Guidelines for HIV Testing and Counselling recommended

IMAI district clinician manual: hospital care for adolescents and adults: guidelines for the managementof illnesses with limited-resources. Vol. 1 recommended

District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Part 1 recommended

Guidelines on Management of COVID-19 in Kenya recommended

National Comprehensive Guidelines for HIV Testing and Counselling
recommended

IMAI district clinician manual: hospital care for adolescents and adults: guidelines for the managementof illnesses with limited-resources. Vol. 1
recommended

District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries Part 1
recommended

Guidelines on Management of COVID-19 in Kenya
recommended