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Declaração de consenso sobre a prestação de tratamento preventivo intermitente da malária na gravidez na comunidade

RBM Partnership to End Malaria (2024) C2

A Declaração de Consenso sobre o c-IPTp é uma publicação da Parceria RBM para Acabar com a Malária. Ela trata do tratamento preventivo intermitente comunitário durante a gravidez (c-IPTp), com o objetivo de fortalecer a prevenção da malária entre mulheres grávidas por meio de intervenç�... more

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Africa’s Health Financing in a New Era

Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (2025) CC

Africa’s health sector is facing an unprecedented financing crisis, driven by a sharp decline of 70% in Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 2021 to 2025 and deep-rooted structural vulnerabilities. This collapse is placing immense pressure on Africa’s already fragile health systems as ODA ...is seen as the backbone of critical health programs: pandemic preparedness, maternal and child health services, disease control programs are all at risk, threatening Sustainable Development Goal 3 and Universal Health Coverage. Compounding this is Africa’s spiraling debt, with countries expected to service USD 81 billion by 2025—surpassing anticipated external financing inflows—further eroding fiscal space for health investments. Level of domestic resources is low. TThe Abuja Declaration of 2001, a pivotal commitment made by African Union (AU) member states, aimed to reverse this trend by pledging to allocate at least 15% of national budgets to the health sector. However, more than two decades later, only three countries—Rwanda, Botswana, and Cabo Verde—have consistently met or exceeded this target (WHO, 2023). In contrast, over 30 AU member states remain well below the 10% benchmark, with some allocating as little as 5–7% of their national budgets to health. In addition, only 16 (29%) of African countries currently have updated versions of National Health Development Plan (NHDP) supported by a National Health Financing Plan (NHFP). These two documents play a critical role in driving internal resource mobilisation. At the same time, public health emergencies are surging, rising 41%—from 152 in 2022 to 213 in 2024—exposing severe under-resourcing of health infrastructure and workforce. Recurring outbreaks (Mpox, Ebola, cholera, measles, Marburg…) alongside effects of climate change and humanitarian crises in Eastern DRC, the Sahel, and Sudan, are overwhelming systems stretched by chronic underfunding. The situation is worsened by Africa’s heavy dependency with over 90% of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics being externally sourced—leaving countries vulnerable to global supply chain shocks. Health worker shortages persist, with only 2.3 professionals per 1,000 people (below the WHO’s recommended 4.45), and fewer than 30% of systems are digitized, undermining disease surveillance and early warning. Without decisive action, Africa CDC projects the continent could reverse two decades of health progress, face 2 to 4 million additional preventable deaths annually, and a heightened risk of a pandemic emerging from within. Furthermore, 39 million more Africans could be pushed into poverty by 2030 due to intertwined health and economic shocks. This is not just a sectoral crisis—it is an existential threat to Africa’s political, social, and economic resilience, and global stability. In response, African leaders, under Africa CDC’s stewardship, are advancing a comprehensive three-pillar strategy centered on domestic resource mobilization, innovative financing, and blended finance. more

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Evolution and effectiveness of bilateral and multilateral development assistance for health: a mixed-methods review of trends and strategic shifts (1990–2022)

Xie S., Du S., Huang Y., et al. BMJ Global Health (2025) CC

Development assistance for health (DAH) plays a vital role in supporting health programmes in lowand middle-income countries. While DAH has historically focused on infectious diseases and maternal and child health, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of DAH trends, strategic shifts and the... more

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The cost of austerity: The toll of IMF conditionalities on access to health in Zambia

Make Way, Wemos (2024) CC

Zambia is facing a severe economic crisis marked by high inflation, increasing poverty and a heavy debt burden that is straining both its fiscal stability and progress in health outcomes. By 2020, the country's external debt reached United States dollars (USD) 12.7 billion, representing 108% of the ... more

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Health for All – transforming economies to deliver what matters: Final report of the WHO Council on the Economics of Health for All

World Health Organization (WHO) (2023) CC

The Council was established in late 2020 by Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (Director-General, WHO) to provide new economic thinking – reassessing how health and wellbeing are valued, produced and distributed across the economy. An all-female group of 10 distinguished economists and area experts, t... more

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Conditioned Domestic “Co-financing” Policies in Global Health

Sparkes S., Yungrattanachai M., Fan V., et al. Center for Global Development (2024) CC

Conditioned domestic financing policy, referring to the domestic financing of health projects, programs, and national responses conditioned by global health funding agencies and recipient country governments, is one mechanism to promote sustainability and country ownership. We aim to understand how ... more

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Financing the Pandemic Cycle: Prevention, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery and Reconstruction

Fan V. Y., Kim S., Pineda D., et al. Center for Global Development (2024) CC

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical gaps in the global response to health crises, particularly in the financing of pandemic prevention, preparedness, response, recovery, and reconstruction. This chapter presents a comprehensive framework for pandemic financing that spans the entire pandemic cycle... more

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A healthy return: Investment case for a sustainably financed WHO

World Health Organization (WHO) (2022) CC

There has never been a more critical moment to invest in WHO, and strengthen the unique role it plays in global health. Now is the time to sustainably finance WHO and invest in a healthy return for all.

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Proposals for ODA Reform: A Review of Key Approaches

Calleja R., Casadevall-Bellés S. Center for Global Development (2024) CC

Questions concerning the relevance and reform of official development assistance (ODA), and how ODA and broader development finance could—or should—change to better reflect shifting demands are not new, with academics and policymakers suggesting a range of options for reform. In this background ... more

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The Evolution of the ODA Accounting Rules

Casadevall-Bellés S., Calleja R. Center for Global Development (2024) CC

Frequent efforts to revise the official development assistance (ODA) accounting rules have raised important questions about the integrity and relevance of what currently “counts” as ODA spending. In this note, we outline a brief history of the evolution of the ODA accounting rules to date, highl... more

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Manual for Stratifying Malaria Risk and the Elimination of Foci

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (2022) C_WHO

All malaria-endemic countries in the Region of the Americas have taken on the challenge to eliminate the disease and to put in place measures to orient their health programs and strategies in that direction. This manual explains how to implement measures to achieve malaria elimination and prevent it... more

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Plan stratégique du Partenariat RBM pour la période 2021-2025

RBM Partnership to End Malaria (2020) C2

Le plan stratégique de la RBM Partnership to End Malaria pour 2021-2025 présente les priorités stratégiques du partenariat mondial visant à éliminer le paludisme. Le document se concentre sur trois objectifs stratégiques principaux : optimiser les programmes régionaux et nationaux, maximiser... more

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Education in Emergencies: Self-learning Materials for Non-Formal Education

Government of Nepal, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2015)

To promote greater understanding of emergency preparedness, response and recovery, the UNESCO office in Kathmandu and Nepal’s Non Formal Education (NFE) Center of the Ministry of Education, have produced, “Education in Emergencies: Self-learning Materials for Non-Formal Education”. The textboo... more

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Review report on the Local Health Facility Operation & Management Committee (HFOMC) meeting. Workshop Guideline. (Nepali Version).

Ministry of Health and Population, Health service Department. Government of Nepal (2010) C1

-Operations Directory -Year 2010 (2067 Nepalese) -By the Government of Nepal, Ministry of population and Health, Health service department, National health training centre. Location: Teku, Kathmandu.

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High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy

MedlinePlus National Library of Medicine (2019) CC

What is high blood pressure in pregnancy? Blood pressure is the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is when this force against your artery walls is too high. There are different types of high blood pressure ... more

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10 Schritte oder Impulse für Psychische Gesundheit

Department Soziales und Gesundheit Kanton Aargau (2024) CC

Die meisten Menschen wissen, wie sie ihre körperliche Gesundheit fördern können – etwa durch eine gesunde Ernährung oder tägliche Bewegung. Es ist auch allgemein bekannt, dass eine intakte Umwelt und ein gutes Arbeitsumfeld der Gesundheit zuträglich sind. Psychische Gesundheit wird dagegen k... more

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Health Topics: High Blood Pressure

American Heart Association (2024) CC

- The Facts About High Blood Pressure - Understanding Blood Pressure Readings - Health Threats from High Blood Pressure - Get Down With Your Blood Pressure - Learn How to Monitor Your Blood Pressure at Home - Let's Talk About Blood Pressure - Support That Empowers

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10 кроків до покращення стану психічного здоров’я

Jovicic, J. Department Soziales und Gesundheit Kanton Aargau (2024) CC

Більшості людей відомо, як підтримувати своє фізичне здоров’я в тонусі – завдяки правильному харчуванню чи щоденному руху. Також усі знають, що сприятливе навкол�... more

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How dietary factors influence disease risk

National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institutes of Health (NIH) (2017) CC

The NIH webpage discusses how dietary habits influence the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. It highlights that both excessive and insufficient intake of certain foods and nutrients can increase mortality risk from these conditions, emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet for... more

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Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020 WHO 2013

World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) C_WHO

The "Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013-2020," published by the World Health Organization (WHO), provides a roadmap to reduce premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. It emphasizes strengthening he... more