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A comprehensive review of the policy and programmatic response to chronic non-communicable disease in Ghana

Bosu, WK (2012) CC

Ghana Med J. 2012 Jun;46(2 Suppl):69-78.

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Western Pacific Regional action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (‎2014-2020)‎

World Health Organization WHO (2014) CC

The Western Pacific Regional Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (2014–2020) was developed in response to a resolution adopted at the sixty-second session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Western Pacific. The regional plan is fully harmonized with... more

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Guidelines on Clinical and Programmatic Management of Major Non Communicable Diseases
recommended

Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia (2016) C1

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National Survey of Diabetes Mellitus and Risk Factors for Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Myanmar (2014): Factsheet

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar, World Health Organization (WHO) et al. (2014) C1

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Dietary and other lifestyle factors and their influence on non-communicable diseases in the Western Pacific region

Sun, X.; Yon, D.K.; Nguyen, T.T. et al. The Lancet Regional Health (2024) CC

The document systematically examines dietary and lifestyle factors influencing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the Western Pacific region. It highlights regional nutrition transitions, including dietary improvements like increased fruit and vegetable consumption and reduced salt intake, alongsid... more

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The best start in life. Breastfeeding for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in the WHO European Region

World Health OrganizationEurope (2020) C_WHO

Healthy maternal nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, and optimal infant and young child nutrition are critical for appropriate growth and development, as well as reducing the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), for both mothers and children. On 7–8 November 2018 the WHO Regional Of... more

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Promoting Healthy Behaviors Among Youth to Tackle Kenya’s Growing Noncommunicable Diseases Epidemic

Toshiko Kaneda, Neema Osewe, and Lilian Mbau-Simba Population Reference Bureau (2017) C1

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Integrating the prevention, treatment and care of mental health conditions and other noncommunicable diseases within health systems

World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe (2019) C_WHO

Mental health conditions affect one in 10 people at any one time and account for a large proportion of non-fatal disease burden. There is a high degree of comorbidity between mental health conditions such as depression and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, diab... more

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Call to action - Prioritizing a person-centred approach to chronic and severe noncommunicable diseases–type 1 diabetes, sickle cell disease and childhood heart diseases

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

We, the participants at the first-ever International Conference on PEN-Plus in Africa (ICPPA), held on 23– 25 April 2024 in Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania, recognize the urgency of the rising burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) across our Region. We are alarmed by the implication... more

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Disclosure Guidelines for Children and Adolescents in the context of HIV, TB and non-communicable diseases

National Department of Health South Africa; PATA (2016) C2

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Task sharing and task shifting: Optimizing the primary health care workforce for improved delivery of noncommunicable disease services in Kenya

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

Over one third of all deaths in Kenya in 2019 were attributed to NCDs (Vos et al., 2020). The four major NCDs – CVDs, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases – accounted for 57% of these deaths. Furthermore, the direct and indirect economic impact of NCDs is significant- Kenya is sai... more

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Supporting member states in reaching informed decision-making on engaging with private sector entities for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: a practical tool

World Health Organisation (WHO) (2024) C_WHO

In 2015, Member States and the global health community committed to reduce premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) by one third by 2030 (SDG target 3.4). Despite growing efforts, the pace of change in most countries, and the policies and regulations required to achieve this goal, ... more

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Philippines: A Training Manual for Health Workers on Healthy Lifestyle - An Approach for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, Trainers Guide

WHO and DOH Philippines (2009) C_WHO

This revised trainer's guide contains a prototype training schedule for four days. Teaching and learning strategies are highly interactive, using participatory and experiential approach. Training outcomes include developing skills in assessment of clients for risk factors; conduct basic screening pr... more

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National guideline for management of Non Communicable Diseases(NCDs)

Rwanda Biomedical Center Ministry of Health Rwanda (2016) CC

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are a worldwide epidemic. Particularly, the most common diseases - Cardiovascular diseases, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD), Chronic Kidney Diseases, Cancer, Diabetes, injuries and disabilities, EMT, oral, eye g... more

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Lifestyle and non communicable diseases/Mtindo wa maisha na magonjwa yasiyo ya kuambukizwa

Tanzania Diabetes Association (2014) C1

For full publication see: http://hesperian.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/sw_hmx/sw_lifestylemanual_Abmswai_2014.doc Accessed October 2014.

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National Multisectoral Strategic Plan For Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases(NCDs) in Namibia

Ministry of Health and Social Services Namibia (2017) CC

Namibia is no exception to the growingglobal concern on the increasing burden of NCDs. Namibia is an upper middle income country with fast economic growth since independence in 1990. The country is bearing the double burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases and rapid urbanizat... more

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in over 16s: non-pharmacological management and use of inhaled therapies

National Institute for Communicable Disease (NICE) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2019) CC2

The document provides a summary of recommendations for the non-pharmacological management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the use of inhaled therapies in individuals over 16, emphasizing confirmed diagnosis, treatment options, and regular review of treatment effectiveness and inh... more

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Ambient air pollution and non-communicable respiratory illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature

Glenn, B. E.; Espira, L. M.; Larson, M. C.; Larson, P. S. BMC (2022) CC2

Aerosol pollutants are known to raise the risk of development of non-communicable respiratory diseases (NCRDs) such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and allergic rhinitis. Sub-Saharan Africa’s rapid pace of urbanization, economic expansion, and population growt... more

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Cardiovascular diseases in Africa in the twenty-first century: Gaps and priorities going forward

Minja, N.W.; Nakagaayi, D.; Aliku, T. et al. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2022) CC

In 2015, the United Nations set important targets to reduce premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths by 33% by 2030. Africa disproportionately bears the brunt of CVD burden and has one of the highest risks of dying from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. There is currently an epide...miological transition on the continent, where NCDs is projected to outpace communicable diseases within the current decade. Unchecked increases in CVD risk factors have contributed to the growing burden of three major CVDs—hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and atherosclerotic diseasesleading to devastating rates of stroke and heart failure. The highest age standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) were recorded in Africa. The contributory causes of heart failure are changing—whilst HHD and cardiomyopathies still dominate, ischemic heart disease is rapidly becoming a significant contributor, whilst rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has shown a gradual decline. In a continent where health systems are traditionally geared toward addressing communicable diseases, several gaps exist to adequately meet the growing demand imposed by CVDs. Among these, high-quality research to inform interventions, underfunded health systems with high out-of-pocket costs, limited accessibility and affordability of essential medicines, CVD preventive services, and skill shortages. Overall, the African continent progress toward a third reduction in premature mortality come 2030 is lagging behind. More can be done in the arena of effective policy implementation for risk factor reduction and CVD prevention, increasing health financing and focusing on strengthening primary health care services for prevention and treatment of CVDs, whilst ensuring availability and affordability of quality medicines. Further, investing in systematic country data collection and research outputs will improve the accuracy of the burden of disease data and inform policy adoption on interventions. This review summarizes the current CVD burden, important gaps in cardiovascular medicine in Africa, and further highlights priority areas where efforts could be intensified in the next decade with potential to improve the current rate of progress toward achieving a 33% reduction in CVD mortality. more

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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

Guidelines on Clinical and Programmatic Management of Major Non Communicable Diseases recommended

Guidelines on Clinical and Programmatic Management of Major Non Communicable Diseases
recommended