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Infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a systematic review

Durão, S.; Burns, J.; Schmidt, B. et al. BMC Public Health (2023) CC

Background Noncommunicable diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Modifying the risk factors for these conditions, such as physical inactivity, is thus essential. Addressing the context or circumstances in which physical activity occurs may promote physical activity a...t a population level. We assessed the effects of infrastructure, policy or regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and clinicaltrials.gov to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before-after (CBAs) studies, and interrupted time series (ITS) studies assessing population-level infrastructure or policy and regulatory interventions to increase physical activity. We were interested in the effects of these interventions on physical activity, body weight and related measures, blood pressure, and CVD and type 2 diabetes morbidity and mortality, and on other secondary outcomes. Screening and data extraction was done in duplicate, with risk of bias was using an adapted Cochrane risk of bias tool. Due to high levels of heterogeneity, we synthesised the evidence based on effect direction. Results We included 33 studies, mostly conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 13 assessed infrastructure changes to green or other spaces to promote physical activity and 18 infrastructure changes to promote active transport. The effects of identified interventions on physical activity, body weight and blood pressure varied across studies (very low certainty evidence); thus, we remain very uncertain about the effects of these interventions. Two studies assessed the effects of policy and regulatory interventions; one provided free access to physical activity facilities and showed that it may have beneficial effects on physical activity (low certainty evidence). The other provided free bus travel for youth, with intervention effects varying across studies (very low certainty evidence). Conclusions Evidence from 33 studies assessing infrastructure, policy and regulatory interventions for increasing physical activity showed varying results. The certainty of the evidence was mostly very low, due to study designs included and inconsistent findings between studies. Despite this drawback, the evidence indicates that providing access to physical activity facilities may be beneficial; however this finding is based on only one study. Implementation of these interventions requires full consideration of contextual factors, especially in low resource settings. more

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Transactional sex and HIV risk: from analysis to action

UNAIDS; STRIVE (2017) C2

UNAIDS 2018 / Reference

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Broader health impacts of vertical responses to COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries

Tabitha Hrynick, T.; S. Ripoll and S. Carter Social Science in Humanitarian Action (2021) C1

This paper reviews the effects of vertical responses to COVID-19 on health systems, services, and people’s access to and use of them in LMICs, where historic and ongoing under-investments heighten vulnerability to a multiplicity of health threats. We use the term ‘vertical response’ to describ... more

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Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (2010) CC

This Practice Parameter reviews the evidence from research and clinical experience and highlights significant advances in the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder since the previous Parameter was published in 1998. It highlights the importance of early identification of posttrau... more

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South African National Guidelines for Medical Male Circumcision

National Department of Health (Republic of South Africa) National Department of Health (Republic of South Africa) (2020) C2

Accessed: 03.03.2020

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CARE Rapid Gender Analysis. Latin America & Caribbean: Venezuelan Migrants & Refugees in Colombia

Anushka Kalyanpur CARE (2019) CC

This Rapid Gender Analysis provides preliminary information and observations on the different needs, capacities and coping strategies of Venezuelan migrant and refugee women, men, boys, and girls in Colombia. It seeks to understand how gender roles and relations have changed as a result of the crisi... more

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Treatment Guidelines for Antimicrobial Use in Common Syndromes

Indian Council of Medical Research - Department of Health Research (2017) C1

The publication of the of the Antimicrobial Treatment Guidelines represents the culmination of the efforts of the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program of ICMR to publish treatment guidelines for common syndromes in India. These guidelines are targeted for the health care settings. It aims to rationali... more

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"Out of the shadows" : a qualitative study of parents’ and professionals’ attitudes and beliefs about children with communication disability in Uganda and how best to help them

McGeown, J. Centre for International Health and Development (2012) CC

Dissertation submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for a Masters degree at the Centre for International Health and Development (CIHD) at University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health (ICH) The user has given permission for the uploaded document to be reproduced and made publi... more

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Parkinson disease: a public health approach: technical brief

World Health Organization WHO (2022) C_WHO

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Geographical distribution of areas with a high prevalence of HTLV-1 infection

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (2015) C1

ECDC Technical Report
In line with ECDC’s recommendations provided in the ’Risk Assessment of HTLV-1/2 transmission by tissue/cell transplantation’ dated 14 March 2012, this Directive replaces the term ‘incidence’ with ‘prevalence’ in the description of endemic areas of HTLV-1/2 i... more

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National Baseline Study on Violence against Children: Philippines. Executive Summary

UNICEF (2016)

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Invisible Wounds. The impact of six years of war on the mental health of Syria’s children

Save the Children (2017) C1

“The children are psychologically crushed and tired. When we do activities like singing with them, they don’t respond at all. They don’t laugh like they would normally. They draw images of children being butchered in the war, or tanks, or the siege and the lack of food.” Teacher in the... more

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National HIV and AIDS Priority Action Plan 2015/2016 - 2017/2018

Uganda AIDS Commission; Ministry of Health, Uganda (2015) C1

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Psychological first aid: Facilitator’s manual for orienting field workers
recommended

Leslie Snider, Alison Schafer, Mark van Ommeren et al. World Health Organization WHO (2013) C_WHO

This manual is designed to orient helpers to offer psychologicalfirst aid (PFA) to people following a serious crisis event. PFA involves humane, supportive and practical assistance for people who are distressed, in ways that respect their dignity, culture and abilities. PFA is an approach that can b... more

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COVID-19 and the social determinants of health and health equity: evidence brief

World Health Organization WHO (2021) C_WHO

6 December 2021

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From Syria to Spain: Syrian Migration to Europe via the Western Mediterranian Route between 2015 and 2017 (November 2017)

Department for International Development, REACH Initiative, Mixed Migration Platform (2017) C1

The study is based on in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews with 60 Syrians who arrived in Spain between 2015 and 2017.

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Annual Report 2015-2016

Government of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Department of Health & Family Welfare (2016) C1

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Legal environment Assessment for HIV in Ukraine

USAID (U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief) (2017) C2

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Acute and chronic reactions to trauma in children and adolescents

Bui, B., Ohye, B., Palitz, S., et al. IACAPAP (2014) C2

Anxiety Disorders Chapter F.4

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Cultural Issues in Mental Health

Don Gorman and Wendy Cross (2011) C2

In: Mental health nursing: dimensions of praxis. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 427-442. ISBN 9780195566963 This chapter introduces you to the importance of culturally based health and well-being and to health care delivered by mental health nurses. There is a need for mental h... more

Psychological first aid: Facilitator’s manual for orienting field workers recommended

Psychological first aid: Facilitator’s manual for orienting field workers
recommended