Search database
LIST OPTIONS
Filter
305
Filtered Results: 305
Text search: Federal Ministry Of Health - Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
Featured
Language
Document type
No document type
185
Studies & Reports
64
Guidelines
23
Manuals
15
Situation Updates
5
Strategic & Response Plan
5
Training Material
4
Fact sheets
3
Infographics
1
Countries / Regions
Nigeria
108
Ethiopia
18
Global
15
Western and Central Europe
7
Africa
6
Nepal
3
Kenya
3
Sierra Leone
3
Rwanda
3
West and Central Africa
3
Ghana
2
Guinea
2
Latin America and the Carribbean
2
Bangladesh
2
Uganda
2
Zambia
2
Colombia
1
Mexico
1
Togo
1
Chile
1
Cameroon
1
Senegal
1
Peru
1
Malawi
1
Asia
1
Venezuela
1
Tanzania
1
Congo, Democratic Republic of
1
Middle East and North Africa
1
Japan
1
East and Southern Africa
1
Bolivia
1
Argentina
1
Eastern Europe
1
Brazil
1
Chad
1
Liberia
1
Pakistan
1
Authors & Publishers
World Health Organization WHO
45
Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria
30
World Health Organization
17
World Health Organization (WHO)
12
et al.
11
World Health Organisation (WHO)
8
UNAIDS
7
USAID
7
WHO
7
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA)
6
Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria
5
Federal Ministry of Health - Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
4
Unicef
4
International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies
3
National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Abuja Nigeria
3
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
3
AHOP
2
Catholic Relief Services CRS
2
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
2
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia -Ministry of Health
2
Federal Ministries of Agriculture, Environment and Health
2
Federal Ministry of Health, Dept. of Public Health, National HIV
2
Federal Ministry of Health, Federal Republic of Nigeria
2
ICF International
2
PLOS One
2
Stop TB Partnership
2
The World Bank
2
UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS)
2
UNFPA
2
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
2
USAID, AIDS Free Nigeria, et al.
2
WHO Regional Office for Africa
2
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office for Europe
2
4Children
1
A. Armstrong
1
A. L. Drake
1
A. L. Slogrove
1
A. Verster
1
A. Wirtz
1
Abdulmalik, J.
1
Abeje Fekadu, G. F. Ambaw Getahun
1
Abubakar, I.
1
ACPF, Plan International
1
Adelekan, B.
1
Africa CDC Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
1
Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention
1
African Union
1
AfrOx
1
AHOP National Centre based in Nigeria
1
AIDSFree
1
Alemu Tilahun, H.
1
Alliance for Health Policy and System Research
1
ALNAP
1
Alzheimer's Disease International
1
Amodeo, C. et al.
1
and S. Ayenalam Kidanie
1
Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control
1
Arne H Eide & ME Loeb
1
Auerbach, R.
1
Awoyemi Abayomi Awofalaa, Olusegun Emmanuel Ogundele
1
Awudu, RA.
1
Axios, et al.
1
B. B. Bachore
1
Berry, P.
1
BioMed Central
1
BMJ Global Health
1
BUKO Pharma-Kampagne
1
C. Kouambeng, R. Wounang et. al.
1
C. C. Onyedum, I. Alobu, K. N. Ukwaja
1
C. Daniels, et al.
1
C. Figueroa
1
C. Hanlon, A. Alem, C. Lund, et al.
1
C. Hasenkopf and K. Lee
1
C. Irvine
1
C. Quinn
1
C. Venkatraman
1
Child Health Division
1
Chukwu, E., Oladele, D., Awoderu, O. et al.
1
CIDRAP
1
Communicating with Disaster Affected Communities (CDAC)
1
Cooreman, E.A.
1
Corinne Grainger
1
Corrado Barbui, Tarun Dua, Kavitha Kolappa et al.
1
Craig, J.
1
Cynthia Green
1
D. Kerrigan
1
D. S. Abebe
1
Dacombe R., I. Bates, B. Gopul et al.
1
David Sanderson and Paul Knox-Clarke
1
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ)
1
DFID
1
Doubova SV, Leslie HH, Kruk ME, et al.
1
Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research
1
E. Goldson, Z. Abubakar et al.
1
E. O. Ekundayo, O. Onuka, G. Mustapha, et al.
1
Eba, B.
1
Education Cluster
1
Edwards, Jon
1
Elaine Abrams, Tsitsi Apollo, Janet Bhila et al.
1
END TB
1
EngenderHealth
1
Erik Blas, Johannes Sommerfeld and Anand Sivasankara Kurup
1
ESMO
1
et al,
1
European Asylum Support Office
1
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)
1
European Investment Bank EIB and UN Development Programme UNDP
1
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
1
European Union (EU)
1
Ezea, CO.
1
Ezewudo, BI.
1
F. Biadglegne, U. Sack, A. C. Rodloff
1
F. Gebissa
1
F. Ndugulile
1
F. O. Fasina, Fasanmi O.G., Makonnen Y. J., et al.
1
F. Samuels
1
F. Tafese
1
Fahal, A.
1
Fast-Track Cities
1
Federal Government of Nigeria
1
Federal Ministries of Health & Youth Development
1
Federal Ministry of Health
1
Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA)
1
Federal Ministry of Health - Nigeria Centre for Disease Contro
1
Federal Ministry of Health and Nigeria Centre for Disease Control
1
Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria , World Health Organisation (WHO)
1
Federal Ministry of Health Nigeria , World Health Organisation (WHO), DFID, et al.
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
1
Federal Ministry of Health, Ethiopia
1
Fedreal Republic of Nigeria
1
FHI360
1
Fistula Care
1
Flavia Bustreo, Marie-Paule Kieny, Lale Say et al.
1
G. Ivbijaro
1
G. Rundgren and N. el-Hage Scialabba
1
G. Sander
1
GBD 2019 Ethiopia Subnational-Level Disease Burden Initiative Collaborators
1
GBD 2019 Tuberculosis Collaborators
1
GBD2019 Dementia Forecasting Coolaborators
1
Geneva Global Health Hub
1
German Red Cross
1
Germany’s National Public Health Institute (RKI), et al.
1
GHAIN Global HIV
1
Gilma Mantilla
1
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (Gavi)
1
global health workforce alliance
1
Global Heart
1
Global Nutrition Report Stakeholder Group
1
Global Polio Eradication Initiative
1
Globalization and Health
1
Godfrey, E.
1
Government of Nigeria
1
Government of Nigeria Health Cluster World Health Organization
1
Government of Sierra Leone, Ministry of Health and Sanitation
1
Greenstone, M.
1
H. Sakamoto
1
Haldane, V., De Foo, C., Abdalla, S.M. et al.
1
Hanlon C
1
Harm Reduction International
1
Health Research Policy and Systems
1
Health Systems and Policy Research
1
House of Commons International Development Committee
1
hrp human reproduction programme (research for impact)
1
I. Semini
1
ICAP
1
ICAP Nurse Capacity Initiative
1
Idika, IK.
1
Ilona Kickbusch
1
iMedPub
1
Indefes - Terre des Hommes
1
Institute for Community Inclusion at University of Massachusetts
1
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)
1
Inter-Parliamentary Union (For democracy, For everyone)
1
Internal Displacement Monitoring Center
1
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre IDMC
1
International Coalition for Trachoma Control ICTC
1
International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies, UN Development Programme
1
International Journal of Mental Health Systems
1
International Medical Corps
1
International Organization for Migration IOM
1
International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)
1
International Research Institute for Climate and Society
1
International Vaccines Task Force (IVTF)
1
J. Painter, P. Douglas, et al.
1
Jacobs Foundation
1
Jemoon, P.
1
JICA
1
Journal of the International AIDS Society
1
K. A. Thomson
1
K. Hiban, I. Frost, et al.
1
K. Stone
1
Kaiser Family Foundation
1
Kalibala Samuel, Nrupa Jani and Getachew Kassa
1
Karolin Seitz
1
Kates J.
1
Kenya Ministry of Health
1
KIT (Royal Tropical Institute) Development Policy & Practice/ Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
1
L. Davies
1
L. McGrory
1
L. S. Saldanha, L. Buback, J. M. White, et al.
1
Laurence Cibrelus
1
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
1
M. Funk
1
M. K. Sugai et al.
1
M. Schomaker
1
M. Smelyanskaya, J. Duncan (The Focus Group Consulting)
1
M.-A. Davies
1
Mairie de Paris
1
Malaria Consortium
1
Malaria Journal
1
Mario R Dal Poz, Neeru Gupta, Estelle Quain and Agnes LB Soucat
1
Massoda Tonye, S.G.
1
Meike J. Schleif, Iain Aitken , et al.
1
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)
1
Ministry of Health , World Health Organisation (WHO)
1
Ministry of Health, World Health Organisation (WHO), Roll Back Malaria
1
Ministry of Health, Zambia
1
Misereor, Brot für die Welt, GPF
1
Mshelbwala, P.
1
Mugisha J.
1
National Agency for Control of AIDS (NACA)
1
National AIDS and STIs Control programme (NASCP), Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria
1
National Malaria Elimination Programme Federal Ministry of Health National Population Commission, National Bureau of Statistics Federal Republic of Nigeria , et al.
1
National Malaria Elimination Programme Federal Republic of Nigeria Abuja, Nigeria et al.
1
National Population Commission (NPC
1
National Primary Health Care Development Agency
1
National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
1
National Tubercolis and Leprosy Control Programme, Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria
1
National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
1
NFPA, UNDESA, UN-HABITAT, IOM
1
Nigeria Center for Disease Control, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja
1
Nigeria Education in Emergencies Working Group
1
Nigeria, Federal Ministry of Health
1
Nomura, S.
1
Norwegian Refugee Council NRC
1
O. Neyrolles (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologoie Structurale)
1
Obiezue, RN.
1
OCHA
1
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA
1
Okoye, CI.
1
Organisation mondiale de la Santé
1
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé OMS
1
Ozioko ,KU.
1
P. Bayr
1
P. M. Enright, J. Shumake-Guillemot et al.
1
Paget Stanfield, Martin Brueton, Michael Chan, Michael Parkin, and Tony Waterston
1
Pan American Health Organisation PAHO
1
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
1
PEPFAR
1
PLOS Medicine
1
PLoS Neglected Tropical diseases
1
PubMed.gov
1
R. Baggaley et al.
1
Reliefweb
1
Repoductive Health Journal
1
Robert Koch Institut RKI
1
S. Ripoll and S. Carter
1
S. Vermund
1
Sanni-Adeniyi, O. et al.
1
Scientific and Cultural Organization
1
Scientific Research Publishing
1
Secretariat of the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Childr en against Sex al Exploitation and Sexual Abuse (Lanzarote Convention)
1
Séverin, T.
1
SINTEF Health Research
1
Social Science in Humanitarian Action
1
Sue George, John Dada, Kolawole Maxwell et al.
1
Tabitha Hrynick, T.
1
Taha, H.
1
TAS & TGPSH - GTZ
1
tein, D. J.et al.
1
Teklemariam M., Assefa A., Kassa M., et al.
1
The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy CDDEP
1
The Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER) Global Cohort Collaboration
1
The DHS Program ICF
1
The Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia
1
The fight against fake drugs by NAFDAC in Nigeria Olike Chinwendu
1
The Independent Panel
1
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFRC
1
The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
1
UKAid
1
Umited Nations Popuilation Fund UNFPA
1
UN Children's Fund UNICEF
1
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
1
UNFPA et al.
1
UNICEF and UNFPA
1
United Nations Educational
1
United Nations Office4 on Drugs and Crime
1
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
1
University of Chicago’s Energy Policy Institute
1
University of Oslo
1
UNOPS
1
US Aid, UK Aid, UNICEF
1
USAI
1
Valerie Karr et al.
1
Van de Sande, W.
1
WASH Cluster
1
Weese, J.
1
Wellcome Trust
1
White, Z.
1
WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
1
Wieland B., Flintan F., et al.
1
Winter, Rebecca, Akinlo, Ambrose, and Lia Florey
1
WONCA
1
World Health Organisation
1
World Health Organisation (WHO), USAID, The Global Fund, et al.
1
World Health Organization WHO
1
World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF
1
World Health Organization and Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
1
World Health Organization Europe
1
World Health Organization WHO, International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office Africa
1
World Health Organization WHO, Regional Office of Africa
1
World Health Organization WHO, SEARO/Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases
1
World Health Organization, Global Polio Eradication Initiative
1
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa
1
Yebyo, Henock G., Mussie A. Gebreselassie, and Alemayehu B. Kahsay
1
Publication Years
Category
Policies
39
Studies & Reports
34
Policies & Guidelines HIV & TB
25
Guidelines
18
Women & Child Health
13
COVID-19
11
Statistics
11
Capacity Building
10
Demograhic Health Surveys DHS
8
Drugs & Medical Equipment
7
Disease Prevention & Control
7
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
5
Community Health
5
Humanitarian Crisis
5
Countries
4
Clinical Training
3
Public Health
3
Sanitation
3
Disaster Preparedness
3
Community Health
3
MPOX - Monkeypox
3
General Guidelines
3
Protection & Security
3
HIV & STI
3
Malaria
3
Paediatrics
2
Humanitarian Aid
2
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
2
Pediatrics
2
Immunization
2
Health Systems
2
Women & Child Health
2
Maternal Health
2
Neurology & Psychology
2
Age & Elderly
2
Neonatal Care
2
Food Security & Nutrition
2
Communicable Diseases
1
Digital Health
1
Hepatitis
1
Family Planning
1
Cancer
1
Monitoring & Evaluation
1
Cancer Treatment & Resources
1
Vaccine-preventable Diseases
1
NCD
1
Child protection
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Disabilities
1
Other
1
Waste Management
1
WASH
1
Surgery & Anaesthesia
1
Needs Assessment
1
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
1
NTDs & Others
1
Primary Health Care
1
Non-communicable Diseases
1
Water
1
Reproductive Health
1
Global Health
1
Pharmacy & Technologies
1
Hygiene Promotion
1
Toolboxes
Country specific documents
9
Global Impact: Socio-economic, health services, TB & HIV
6
Nigeria
6
Overview & Statistics
5
Prevention & Control
4
Public Health
4
Hospital Readiness/Essential Health Services
4
MPOX - Monkeypox
4
Action Plans, Policies & Response
4
Country specific
3
Policies & Programmes
3
TB & Other Vulnerable Populations
3
Infection Control & Prevention (IPC)
3
Community Health Workers CHW
3
MPOX - Monkeypox
3
General Information & Methodology
3
Health Financing Toolbox
3
TB & Prisoners
3
International
3
TB/HIV Coinfection
3
Tobacco
3
HIV in Key Populations
3
Africa
2
Meningitis Prevention & Control
2
General Reports
2
Surveillance
2
Childhood TB
2
IPC
2
Clinical Aspects, Treatment & Prevention
2
Europe
2
Children & Adolescents
2
Treatment Guidelines HIV
2
Training
2
People who injecting Drugs
2
International
2
Climate & Health
2
Prevention & Preparedness
2
Studies
2
Health Personnel
2
Infection Prevention & Hygiene
2
Infection Control General
2
Gender Aspects
2
Planetary Health
2
Clean air
2
Falsified & Substandard
2
General documents One Health
2
Epilepsy
2
General
2
Alzheimer's Disease & Dementia
2
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT)
2
Assessment
2
Situation Reports, others
2
Reports & Studies
2
War & Conflict
1
Rapid Response
1
Violence & Child Trafficking
1
Gynaecology / Obstetrics
1
Behaviour Change/Life Skill Education
1
Policies & Strategies
1
Assessment & Studies
1
ART Drug Resistance
1
Communication & Training
1
Local Action
1
Global Mental Health
1
Agriculture & Veterinary
1
Children with Disabilities
1
HIV testing & services
1
IEC Materials General
1
Surveillance
1
Communication & Training
1
Policies & Strategies
1
Hand Hygiene
1
Clinical Aspects
1
Preparedness, Response & Risk Communication
1
Violence & Protection
1
Key Resources
1
Mental Health
1
Introduction to Global Health
1
Context & Facts
1
Prevention Guidelines
1
Social Mobilisation
1
Policies
1
Hepatitis
1
National Policies
1
Public Health
1
mhGAP Guides
1
Africa
1
General Studies & Reports
1
Mental Health
1
Prevention & Control
1
Children/Adolescents Mental Disorders
1
Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
1
Research
1
Drug resistance
1
Training
1
Mental Health Studies & Reports
1
GO pre-deployment training
1
Epilepsy
1
Reports
1
Sex Worker
1
Ethiopia
1
General
1
Clinical Guidelines
1
Supporting tools
1
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
1
Context & Facts, Travel Advice
1
Hand Hygiene
1
Risk Communication & Community Engagement
1
Surveillance & Contact tracing
1
Covid-19 & the One Health Approach
1
Country Specific
1
Appeals and Response Plans
1
Human Rights
1
HIV and COVID-19
1
COVID-19
1
General
1
Children & Mental Health
1
Mythbusters/Misinformation
1
Situation Reports COVID-19
1
Tips & Best Practice Examples
1
Psychosocial Support
1
Fair Allocation & Ethical Aspects
1
Hygiene
1
Hand Hygiene
1
Handbooks & Manuals
1
Health Promotion
1
Studies & Reports
1
Triage
1
Climate Change General
1
Essential Medicines
1
Traditional & Herbal Medicines
1
HIV &TB
1
Women & Maternal Health
1
Cancer
1
Surgery
1
Agriculture incl. animal husbandry
1
Disaster, Migration and Conflict
1
Mental Disorders
1
Health Care Systems
1
Public Health
1
Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)
1
Education Principles
1
Others
1
WASH Water Sanitation & Hygiene
1
Nuclear & Chemical Hazards
1
Health Care In Conflict Settings
1
MPOX -Monkeybox Prevention & Control
1
Strategies & Roadmaps
1
Statistics & Facts
1
Statistics & Facts
1
Studies & Reports
1
Studies & Reports
1
Mycetoma, Chromoblastomycosis & other deep mycosis
1
General Information
1
Prevention & Strategies
1
Prevention & Strategies
1
Studies & Reports
1
Global Overview
1
Children's Rights
1
Conflict
1
others
1
Neurological Disorders
1
Assessment & Response
1
Policy
1
Disease Prevention & Control
1
Asia
1
Roadmaps, Action Plans & Policies
1
IEC Materials Children
1
Understanding Global Health
1
Vision Loss & Blindness
1
Health Policy & the Global Health Landscape
1
Anxiety Disorders
1
Global Health Institutions and Stakeholders
1
Western & Central Europe
1
Epidemiology
1
Other Resources
1
South-east Asia Region
1
Antiretroviral Treatment ART
1
Planetary Health
1
Paediatrics
1
Kenya
1
Prisoners
1
Universal Health Coverage & Primary Health Care
1
Social Determinants of Health
1
Public Health
1
Global Health Ethics
1
Eastern Europe and central Asia
1
2nd edition. The purpose of the WHO human health risk assessment toolkit: chemical hazards is to provide its users with guidance to identify, acquire and use the information needed to assess chemical hazards, exposures and the corresponding health risks in their given health risk assessment contexts... more

North-east Nigeria: Case study

Edwards, Jon Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) (2017)
This case study examines the humanitarian response to the conflict-related crisis in the North-East of Nigeria, focusing primarily on the period from 2015 to the end of 2016. The aim is test the central hypotheses of the Emergency Gap project: that the current structure, conceptual underpinning and... more
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(12), 2626; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122626 Climate change is increasing risks to human health and to the health systems that seek to protect the safety and well-being of populations. Health authorities require information about current associatio... more
Final Survey Report
DHS Further Analysis Reports No. 103
Trachoma is an eye infection that for thousands of years caused many people to go blind across all continents. As the result of development and targeted interventions, trachoma is now limited to an estimated 57 countries, often affecting the poorest populations of the world. Today, more than 2 mill... more
mhGAP is based on evidence-based technical guidelines (4) and provides a set of tools and training packages to extend service provision. The mhGAP Intervention Guide (mhGAP-IG) for MNS disorders in non-specialized health settings (8) is a clinical decision-making tool for assessing and managing p... more
WHO published the first COVID-19 Strategic Response and Preparedness Plan (SPRP) on 3 February, 2020. This report highlights the main points of progress that were made up to 30 June 2020 under the three objectives outlined in the SPRP: scaling up international coordination and support; scaling up co... more
Le nombre de cas de COVID-19 augmente à nouveau, l’Afrique du Sud comptant pour près de la moitié de tous les cas confirmés de la Région africaine de l’OMS. La menace de nouveaux variants plane, et la faible couverture vaccinale soulève des questions concernant les mesures qui devront êtr... more

Air quality index annual update

Greenstone, M.; C. Hasenkopf and K. Lee University of Chicago’s Energy Policy Institute (2022) C1
During the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, the world’s economy slowed. Yet, the global annual average particulate pollution (PM2.5) was largely unchanged from 2019 levels. At the same time, growing evidence shows air pollution—even when experienced at very low levels—hurts human health. T... more
To complement the Global Strategy progress reporting, this report provides a detailed look at country leadership and action toward the Every Newborn National Milestones by 2020. Countries have taken the initiative to show the way forward and have demonstrated significant progress. As part of monitor... more
Training module on malaria control
Progress towards targets of the Global action plan on dementia
A Focus on the Journey to Self-Reliance for Preventing Child and Maternal Deaths . June 2018
The 2018 Acting on the Call report focuses on 25 countries’ journeys to self-reliance for preventing child and maternal deaths. Self-reliance is a country’s ability to finance and implement solution... more
Water, sanitation and hygiene education in schools – WASH in Schools – provides safe drinking water, improves sanitation facilities and promotes lifelong health. WASH in Schools enhances the well-being of children and their families, and paves the way for new generations of healthy children. f... more
Robust clinical research capacity in low- and middle-income countries is key to stemming the spread of epidemics, according to a new report from the International Vaccines Task Force (IVTF). The report lays out how to develop the political support, financing and coordination required to build this c... more
Governments have dedicated a pivotal role to the private sector in the implementation and financing of the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs. This has pushed a turn towards the private sector, the promotion of multi-stakeholder partnerships between public and private actors. However, far too often there is a... more