This threat assessment addresses the implications of the ongoing Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak in Rwanda for the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). MVD is a severe disease in humans and, although uncommon, it has the potential to cause epidemics with significant case fatality. All recorded MVD outbreaks to date have originated in Africa. MVD is not an airborne disease and is considered not to be contagious before symptoms appear. Direct contact with the blood and other body fluids of infected people and animals or indirect contact with contaminated surfaces and materials like clothing, bedding and medical equipment is required for transmission. The risk of infection is minimised when proper infection prevention and control precautions are strictly followed. There is no approved treatment or vaccine for MVD; however, several pharmaceuticals and candidate MVD vaccines are under investigation.