Over the past several decades, malaria/HIV-1 co-infection has become a significant global public health problem in co-endemic areas of the world. The geographical overlap between both diseases (Figures 1 and 2) combined with shared social determinants of health may explain the prevalence of co-infection, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The distribution of diseases throughout SSA varies by country and localities, and can be explained by differing geographical, environmental, and population behaviors. However, some severely affected countries in SSA have an HIV-1 prevalence in adults above 10%, with more than 90% of the population exposed to malaria (World Health Organization, 2004). Numerous models have tried to predict the impact that malaria/HIV-1 co-infection has on incidence and mortality of each disease (Korenromp et al., 2005) but the biological dynamics within and between the two diseases are highly complex.